



COPYRIGHT DEPOSnV 



TOei ,08 YAM ,JAIVmSLTY 



AG. OMIKaiO aiiT 7x0 



EXTERIOR OF THE OLD UNIVERSITY BUILDING AS IT APPEARED 
ON THE OPENING DAY OF THE CENTENNIAL, MAY 30, 1907 



1807 1907 

Omnia probate Bonum tenete 

The Centennial Celebration 

OF THE 

Foundation 

OF THE 

University of Maryland 

May 30 and 31 June 1 and 2 
1907 



Memorial Volume 



PUBLISHED BY THE 

WILLIAMS & WILKINS COMPANY 

BALTIMORE 

1908 



LJ) 



^ ^ 



H^ 



Copyright 1908 by 
The Regents of the University of Maryland 



JUL 30 1909 



To the Honorable Board of Regents of the University of Maryland. 
Gentlemen: In compliance with your recommendations of May, 
1907, for the publication of the ceremonies, events and transactions, 
etc., of the Centennial Celebration of this University, May 30 to 
June 2, 1907, inclusive, the undersigned have the honor to present 
this volume, during the editing of which they have endeavored to be 
guided by the motto of our University '' Omnia autem probate, quod 
bonum est tenete." 

Respectfully, 
John C. Hemmeter, M.D., Phil.D., LLD. 

Editor. 

Samuel Claggett Chew, M.A., M.D., LL.D, 
John Prentiss Poe, LL.D, Charles Caspari, Jr., Ph.D. 

Isaac H. Davis, M.D., D.D.S. Thomas Fell, Ph.D., LL.D. 

Committee. 



^ CONTENTS 

Prolegomena 9 

Events leading up to the organization for the Centennial Celebration ..... 12 

The Regents Committee in charge of the Celebration 12 

Decision of the Regents to hold the Centennial Celebration in May, 1907 13 

The Alma Mater issues her First Call 16 

A Prelude to the University of Maryland Centennial and Academic Concert 

by the Germania Msennerchor Society 17 

Preliminary Mass Meeting of Alumni of all Departments, January 22, 1907 ... 19 
The Chairmen of the Committees in charge of the various features of the 

Celebration 20 

Addresses at the Mass Meeting, January 22, 1907 

Opening Address by Henry M. Wilson, M.D., Alumnus 1850 22 

Address of Welcome by H. H. Biedler, M.D 24 

The Renaissance of the University of Maryland, by J. C. Hemmeter, Phil.D., 

M.D., LL.D 26 

Chair of Medicine in the University of Maryland, by Samuel C. Chew, M.D., 

LL.D 37 

The Department of Law, by John Prentiss Poe, LL.D 45 

The History of the Department of Dental Medicine, by J. S. Gorgas, M.D., 

D.D.S 51 

The Department of Pharmacy, by Charles Caspari, Jr., Ph.D 56 

The Department of the Arts and Sciences, by President Thomas Fell, of St. 

John's College, Annapolis 58 

Retrospect and Results of the Mass Meeting held January 22, 1907 61 

Additions to the Endowment Fund 63 

Proceedings of the Centennial Committee and Preparations leading up to the 

first day of the Celebration. 65 

The Engraved Invitation Mailed to all Universities of this Country and 

Europe, and to all Alumni 67 

Synopsis of ceremonies commemorating our One-Hundredth Anniverary .... 68 

The Opening Day of the Centennial Celebration, Thursday, May 30, 1907 70 

The Convocation and Homage to Our Alma Mater 71 

Address of Welcome to the representatives of other Universities 74 

Reading of Academic Greetings 76 

Cablegrams from the Universities of Tokio , St. Petersburg, etc 80 

Presentation of Greetings from Georgetown University, Washington 80 

Presentation of Greetings from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy 83 

Address by Mr. J. Harry Tregoe 85 

Address of Welcome by Samuel C. Chew, M.D., LL.D 87 

Partial list of Guests Attending the Opening Meeting, May 30 92 

Luncheon and reception by the Women's Auxiliary of the University Hospital 

May 30 94 



b CONTENTS 

Membership of this Association 96 

Class dinners, reunions and smokers 97 

Reunion of the Class '72, Medical Department 98 

Reunion of the Class '73, Medical Department 98 

Reunion of the Class '82, Medical Department 99 

Reunion of the Class '84, Medical Department 99 

Reunion of the Class '90, Medical Department 99 

Reunion of the Class '95, Medical Department 99 

Reunion of the Class '96, Medical Department 99 

Reunion of the Class '97, Medical Department 99 

Reunion of the Class '00, Medical Department 100 

Reunion of the Class '02, Medical Department 100 

Reunion of the Class '07, Medical Department 100 

The decoration of the buildings and halls 100 

The academic ceremonies at the Lyric, Friday, May 31 102 

Description of the assemblage and the academic procession 103 

The Chancellor of the University, His Excellency, Edwin Warfield, Governor 

of the State, opens the festivities 107 

Address by President Francis Landy Patton 108 

Conferring of the degrees by the Chancellor 124 

Presentation of the candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor 

of Sciences, by the Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences 124 

Presentation of the candidates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine, by the 

Dean of the Faculty of Physic 124 

Presentation of candidates for degree Bachelor of Laws by the Dean of the 

Faculty of Law 126 

Presentation of the candidates for the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery 

by the Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry 127 

Presentation of candidates for the degree of Doctor of Pharmacy, by the 

Dean of the Faculty of Pharmacy 129 

The University Ode 130 

Address by G. Stanley Hall, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D., President of Clark Uni- 
versity 132 

The Performance of "Hygeia," an Academic Ode 146 

The bestowal of honorary degrees 147 

Presentation of Candidates for Honorary Degrees, Master of Arts, Eugene F. 

Cordell, B. Merrill Hopkinson, Richard L. Simpson 149, 150 

Doctors of Pharmacy, Charles E. Dohme, John F. Hancock, Henry P. Hynson 150 

Doctors of Medicine, Thomas C. Gilchrist 150 

Doctors of Science, Alexander C. Abbot, Charles P. Noble, N. G. Keirle, 

J. Homer Wright, J. Ford Thompson, Isaac S. Stone, Henry D. Fry, 

Henry J. Berkley, J. Whitridge Williams 150, 152 

Doctors of Law, Chief Judge James McSherry 152 

Granville Stanley Hall 153 

Francis Landey Patton 154 

William Travis Howard 154 

Samuel Claggett Chew 155 

William James Mayo 157 

Major James Carroll 157 



CONTENTS 7 

General Walter Wyman 158 

Samuel James Meltzer 158 

William Thomas Councilman 159 

William Townsend Porter 159 

Simon Flexner 159 

Doctor of Laws, in absentia, Geheimrath Prof. Carl Anton Ewald, Berlin 167 

Doctor of Sacred Theology, Right Rev. Luther B. Wilson 160 

Academic banquet on May 31 161 

Description of the banquet assemblage 164 

Toasts and responses at the banquet 168 

Opening of the symposium by John Prentiss Poe 169 

Toasts : 

"The President of the United States," by Attorney-General Bonaparte 170 

"The State of Maryland," by the Chancellor of the University, Governor 

Edwin Warfield 171 

"The City of Baltimore," by Mayor J. Barry Mahool 173 

"Our Guests," Hon. WiUiam Pinkney White 175 

President Francis Landey Patton 177 

Dr. Wilham S. Thayer 181 

" The University of Maryland," by Chief Judge Harlan 183 

" Our Alumni," by Hon. William Cabell Bruce 188 

" Our Centennial," by Prof. John C. Hemmeter 194 

" Woman" by Mr. Folger McKinsey 197 

St. John's Day, the Pilgrimage to Annapolis 199 

Program of exercises of Saturday, June 1 200 

Address of John Wirt Randall 201 

Address of Prof. John C. Hemmeter 208 

Presentation of the Bronze Memorial Shield, in commemoration of the 

affiliation of St. John's College with the University of Maryland 209 

Reply, by Pres. Thomas Fell, Ph.D. LL.D 211 

The fourth and concluding day of the Celebration 213 

Baccalaureate Sermon by Bishop Luther B. Wilson, alumnus Department 

of Medicine 217 

Reply and acknowledgment of the Regents to the Presidents, Chancellors 
and Senates, of all Universities that were represented in person or by 

academic greeting 221 

Acknowledgment and thanks of the Regents to the General Centennial 

Committee 221 

Address of thanks of the Regents to the Pastor and board of trustees of Mt. 

Vernon M. E. Church 221 

Address of thanks of the Regents to the Ladies' Reception and Entertain- 
ment Committee and the Women's Auxiliary of the University Hospital 222 
In Memoriam: 

James Carroll, M.D., LL.D., of the U. S. A. Yellow Fever Commission, 
discoverer of the transmission of Yellow Fever by the bite of the mos- 
quito Stegomyia Fasciata, by the Editor 223 

Chief Judge James McSherry, LL.D 253 

WiUiam Travis Howard, M.D., LL.D., by Prof. Samuel C. Chew 265 

The Music of the Centennial, see pages 17, 18, 102, 103, 107, 130, 146, 147, 168 



YTisHavmu aHT '-■r .cmAJYiiAM 



HIS EXCELLENCY, EDWIN W. WARFIELD, GOVERNOR OF 
MARYLAND, CHANCELLOR OF THE UNIVERSITY 



PROLEGOMENA 

TO THE CENTENNIAL MEMORIAL VOLUME, UNIVERSITY OF 

MARYLAND 

It is an undecided question whether history makes the 
man, or whether the man, i.e., forceful personality makes 
history. In the same manner, it is still undecided whether 
men make universities, or universities make men. Very 
probable it is, that no hard and fast conclusion will repre- 
sent the absolute truth in this respect, but that the forces 
are active from both aspects. Men do make history and 
history does make men; and similarly men create univer- 
sities and universities make men. What a powerful 
factor in the development of a nation universities can be 
is demonstrated by the histories of the older American 
universities and the potential intellectual forces that have 
emanated from them. This is also evident from the his- 
tory of the University of Maryland, as given in the History 
of Education in Maryland, by Bernard C. Steiner, Ph.D., 
(Contribution to the American Educational History, 
United States Bureau of Education). It is also shown in 
the history of the University of Maryland by Prof. 
Eugene F. Cordell, M.A., M.D., Baltimore, 1891; and also 
a much larger history by the same author, published in 
two volumes by the Lewis Publishing Company, New York. 
It is not the intention of the editor to give a review of 
the history of our institution. Those interested will find 
abundant material in the volumes just quoted, and many 
references will be [contained in the addresses presented 
in the following pages. At the very outset, however, 
of this work, one of the principal objects of which is to 



10 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

give a representation of the University of Maryland of the 
past and of today, it is necessary to ask ourselves whether 
as a university we really represent as potent a factor in 
the business of education as we should. Up to the 
present time, when we were asked to give information 
concerning our work, we triumphantly pointed to our 
past existence, our present being, and the prospects of 
our continuance; and yet these factors are inadequate 
to fill out the characteristics, the substance and essence 
of a university. True it is that great scientific men have 
emanated from the University of Maryland, men who as 
the roll of honorary degrees conferred May 31, 1907, will 
show have become heads of departments in the oldest and 
most celebrated universities of this country (University 
of Pennsylvania and Harvard), true it is that contribu- 
tions of enduring excellence have been made by professors 
and alumni of this University to the departments of Medi- 
cine, Law, Pharmacology, etc. ; but yet the most impor- 
tant question of the day is, not what this University has 
been, not what it is today, but what it should be. For 
one of our greatest dangers in the past was that subtle 
and sweet self-satisfaction, a most delusive self-content- 
ment. To a large extent this has hold of us still, and 
prevents progress. 

To return to the question of what a university should 
be. It should be the home of idealism in its truest and 
noblest sense. Other human institutions may exert 
themselves in the interest of science, of art, of morality 
and of progress, but. they seek this knowledge in order 
that it should be useful, they seek art in order that it 
should please and morality in order that it should enhance 
the comfort of humanity, and progress they seek in order 
that it should serve to some advantage ; but the true uni- 
versity spirit strives to attain the beautiful, the good and 
the true, for its own sake — not because it is useful, but 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 11 

because it is everlastingly valuable — not because it brings 
pleasure, but because duty commands every intelligent 
human being to cooperate at the construction of a world 
of permanent values — values in the intellectual and sub- 
jective sense. This is the idea which is at the foundation 
of the structure of universities, and the only real justifi- 
cation for their existence. Through the university intel- 
lectual culture comes to exert a telhng effect in the activi- 
ties of life. In the absence of universities, or even in 
universities where the true university spirit does not exist, 
the objective and so-called practical purposes of life 
tend to thwart intellectual culture, free development of 
the will and arrest nobility of thought. 

In a nation where the applied and industrial capacities 
of the race have reached such an amazing development 
as in the United States, there is great danger that opin- 
ions concerning the object of human life may become 
confused. The chief object of human life is then likely 
to develop into an irresistible tendency towards material 
acquisition. The Divine Master and the greatest teachers 
of our race have at all times, and among all nations, 
impressed upon us the fallacy of this idea. Acquisition 
is the aim, the sole aim of the exalted ego ; it is an individ- 
ual and egotistic tendency; and whilst to a certain extent 
necessary under the conditions in which the human race 
is living at present, it is one of the duties of universities 
to ever and anon uphold the philosophy of high ideals, 
that morality is self-control and self-conquest and the 
subordination of individual and personal tendencies 
beneath and under the forces that tend to elevate the 
race as a whole. This is effected largely by teaching that 
w^e must love that which is good, that which is true, and 
that which is beautiful, and seek to attain it, not because 
these things are useful, but for their own sake. 
'0 ij.zv fiioq ^payh'z ij Si riyi^jt] 1j.a7.pa. — Hippocrates. 

John C. Hemmeter, Editor. 



12 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

EVENTS LEADING UP TO ORGANIZATION FOR 
THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

In the University Hospital Bulletin for March 15, 1906, 
the Editor said: "Viribus Unitis." — "With united 
forces/^ this must be the motto of all University of 
Maryland Alumni, Legal, Dental, Pharmacal, and Medi- 
cal, and even of all undergraduate students in the 
vigorous preparation for the hundredth anniversary of 
our dear Alma Mater. Success can only be accomplished 
if all these forces pull together with the professors and 
regents; even the most modest student must feel it his 
duty to contribute something, and to the best of his 
ability. If he cannot contribute anything else, let him 
at least contribute his enthusiasm. The students of all 
classes of all departments should hold meetings during 
the month of March, and organize for the purpose of 
adding their small building blocks to the mighty festival 
structure which shall commemorate the centennial of the 
University of Maryland. The regents of the University 
of Maryland have appointed the following committee to 
have charge of all preparations for the festival : 

W. Calvin Chestnut, LL.B.; Edgar H. Gans, LL.B.; 
John P. Poe, LL.D.; R. Dorsey Coale, Ph.D. ; Charles W. 
Mitchell, M.A., M.D.; David M. R. Culbreth, Ph.G., M.D.; 
John C. Hemmeter, M.D.,Th.D., LL.D., Chairman. 

On the 21st of February, Professor Hemmeter called a 
meeting of all the committees of the adjunct faculty, 
the Medical Alumni Association and the Alumni Associa- 
tions of the other departments of the University to 
confer with the above committee concerning the best way 
to make befitting preparations for the celebration of the 
one hundredth anniversary of the University of Mary- 
land. At that time the regents had decided that in 
strict accord with the history of the institution only 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 13 

the centennial of the Medical department could be held 
in 1907. 

By request of all the Alumni attending the meeting 
of February 21, the regents were induced to reconsider 
this matter, and on February 27 a very largely attended 
meeting of the regents met for this purpose, at the offices 
of Prof. John P. Poe. The following resolution was 
unanimously passed on that occasion : 

MEETING OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, 
FEBRUARY 27, 1906. 

Prof. J. C. Hemmeter in the Chair, Prof. John P. Poe, 
Secretary. 

After an explanation of the object of the meeting by 
the chairman. Professor Poe moved. 

Resolved, That it is the sense of the Regents in council 
assembled that, inasmuch as the School of Medicine, organ- 
ized in 1807 , was the foundation of the University of Mary- 
land, by the annexation to it of other departments, a centen- 
nial celebration of the whole University may properly be 
held in the year 1907. 

This motion was unanimously carried. There was, there- 
fore, no further doubt regarding the scope and extent of a 
festival to be held in May, 1907. It was to take in the entire 
University of Maryland. The medical regents, notwith- 
standing all reports to the contrary, were always, and with 
one accord, in favor of this view of the celebration. It 
was owing to an opinion given by the most prominent 
regents of the law 'department (Messrs. Bernard Carter, 
Edgar H. Gans, and John P. Poe), that the medical regents 
reluctantly gave up the hope of celebrating the event of 
1907 as one comprising all departments of the University. 
Even at the last meeting of the regents Professor Poe 
expressed the opinion that the extension of the centennial 



14 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

idea to embrace all the departments of the University was 
one by construction. 

Be that as it may, we need the help of all departments 
alike, especially of the law department and all of its 
Alumni. The Alumni of the department of law should feel 
it their duty to aid in this celebration, for it is also the 
hundredth anniversary of their University. Let us see 
how the legal brethren that have emanated from this 
institution will prove their loyalty to it. The sentiment, 
of the faculty of medicine concerning the celebration is 
clearly portrayed in the address of welcome by Prof. Hem- 
meter on February 21, which was as follows: 

Fellow Alumni and Friends: 

The most pleasant duty in calling this meeting to order 
is to extend to you academic greeting. Be cordially 
welcomed and assured of the friendship of the regents of 
the Faculty of Physics. 

This representative meeting is not a response to a general 
call to the Alumni, but only to special invitations sent to 
committees elected by the various faculties, the adjunct 
faculties and the various Alumni Associations. I hope 
we shall have a larger and general meeting in the near 
future as a result of a call to all Alumni that can reach the 
Alma Mater by a few hours' trip on the railroad. To the 
committee of our Washington Alumni Association — an 
ornament to this University and active factor in the pro- 
gress of medical science at our National Capital — I desire 
to express a warm welcome and assurance of our joy at 
this manifestation of their loyalty. 

Too seldom have these reunions been held at the 
hearth of our intellectual mother. Let us recognize the 
beauty and power of true enthusiasm and whatever we may 
conclude to do, for the purpose of celebrating the 100th 
Anniversary of our Alma Mater, let us guard against 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 15 

checking or chilling a single earnest sentiment. A univer- 
sity is not an aggregate of buildings, but of thinking men 
of human minds. And what is the human mind — however 
enriched with acquisitions or strengthened by exercise — 
when unaccompanied by an ardent and sensitive heart? 
Its light may illumine, but it cannot inspire. Knowledge 
without a heart may shed a cold and moonlight radiance 
upon the path of life — but it warms no mental flower into 
bloom, it sets forth no ice-bound fountains of conservatism. 
Dr. Johnson has often been quoted as saying that an ob- 
stinate rationality and conservatism prevented him from 
being a Papist. Does not the same cause prevent many 
of us from unburdening our hearts and breathing our 
devotions at the shrine of our Alma Mater— obstinate 
rationality and conservatism not only among the Alumni, 
but also among our regents and faculties? There are 
influences which environ humanity and all leading insti- 
tions which are too subtle for the dissecting knife of 
reason. Let us see whether we cannot make these influ- 
ences a means of blessing to our present purposes. Let 
us be in our better moment clearly conscious of our loyalty 
to fellow-alumni and to the University, and if there is 
any barrier to sentiment and friendship, may God con- 
vert it into a blessing. 

The object of this meeting is to make befltting prep- 
arations for the celebration of the 100th Anniversary of 
the University of Maryland. 

The regents have determined to hold such a celebration 
in May, 1907, and they desire your advice and assistance 
for this purpose. 

I cannot conceive of the conclusion of one century of 
glorious history and meritorious work and the entering 
upon a new one without the accomplishment of some 
great object to the advantage of the future of the Univer- 
sity, and this should be a warmer, closer relation with the 



16 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

alumni and the foundation of an Alumni professorship; 
that is the endowment of a professorial chair by the 
Alumni and that be filled by vote of the Alumni. 
Let us then begin a great work "Viribus unitis.'^ 

THE ALMA MATER ISSUES HER FIRST CALL. 

The first call to the Alumni of the U. of Md. inviting 
them to initiate the movement for a convocation of all 
living alumni was issued February 21, 1906, by Prof. 
John C. Hemmeter. The following is a copy of this 
announcement : 

ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 
1807 MAY 1907 

University of Maryland 

Baltimore, February, 1906. 

Fellow Alumnus, Dr 

Dear Colleague: 

The undersigned Committee of the Regents of the University of 
Maryland invites your presence at a Council of representatives of all 
administrati-^e and teaching organizations, as well as of the various 
Alumni Associations of this University, on Wednesday, February the 
twenty-first, at eight p. m., in the University Building, N. E. Cor. 
Greene and Lombard Streets, with a view of organizing all above 
representatives and other friends, for the purpose of a celebration in 
May, 1907, of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Oldest Univer- 
sity in the State of Maryland and one of the oldest in America. 

The hour has come for the loyal sons to assert the dignity and 
importance of their Alma Mater. To emphasize its work in the his- 
tory of Education in Maryland, in the rehef of suffering and cure of 
disease, and to elevate this University to a higher plane of Academic 
usefulness and influence. 

Yours cordially, 

W. Calvin Chestnut, LL.B. R. Dorsey Coale, Ph.D. 
Edgar H. Gans, LL.B. Charles W. Mitchell, M.A., M.D. 

John P. Poe, LL.D. David M. R. Culbreth, Ph.G.,M.D. 

John C. Hemmeter, M.D., Phil. D., LL.D., Chairman. 



THE REGENTS COMMITTEE 



i vtaoaa anx 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 17 

A PRELUDE TO THE UNIVERSITY OF 
MARYLAND CENTENNIAL. 

This graceful forecasting to our 100th Anniversary 
was enacted by the Germania Maennerchor Society at 
its beautiful hall on West Lombard Street, near Eutaw. 

The invitations read April 3, 1906, "An Academic Con- 
cert,'' a tribute to our "Erudite Neighbor," the U. of Md., 
in congratulation upon her One Hundredth Anniversary. 
Seats were reserved for the Faculties and Regents. The 
U. of Md. Ode, Latin text by Prof. E. F. Cordell, was 
performed by a chorus of more than 120 voices and a Grand 
Orphestra. The music is by the Director, Prof. Theo. 
Hemberger. This composition is of modern classic style, 
unusually majestic and dignified. An exquisitely beauti- 
ful tenor solo relieves the massive choral work in the 
middle of the composition and the orchestra and chorus 
close with an impressive apotheosis of Academic Virtue 
and Achievemxcnt 

The Baltimore Sun of April 1, 1906, gave the following 
account of this interesting concert : 

IN THE UNIVERSITY'S HONOR. 

GERMANIA MAENNERCHOR TO GIVE AN ELABORATE CONCERT. 

In honor of the one hundredth anniversary of the University of 
Maryland the Germania Maennerchor will give an academic concert 
at the hall of the society this month. 

Among the distinctively academic numbers on the program are: 

" Academische Fest Overture"., Brahms 

Orchestra 

'' Amabilissima Elsula" Wagner 

Male Chorus, with Quartet 

"Alt Heidelberg du Feine" (Op. 29) V-olbach 

Grand Orchestra 

" University of Maryland Ode" Hemberger 

Male Chorus, Tenor Solo and Orchestra 



18 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

In addition to the chorus of the Maennerchor, there will be an 
orchestra of 40 pieces. The quartet will be Messrs. F. H. Weber, Tau- 
bert, Stephan Steinmiiller and Mr. Degenhardt, Jr. 

The words of the university ode are by Dr. E. F. Cordell, of the 
University, the director of the Maennerchor, Prof. Theodore Hember- 
ger, is director of the University Musical Association, which was 
founded by Prof. John C. Hemmeter three years ago. 

The faculties of medicine, law, dentistry and pharmacology will 
attend the concert in a body. 

The Regents and Faculties of the U. of Md. desire to 
extend to the President of the Germania Maennerchor, 
Mr. Robt. M. Rother, and to the Director, Prof. Theodore 
Hemberger, their deep appreciation of this graceful trib- 
ute. May Music and Science always be sister forces to 
ennoble the human race. 

The Regents' Centennial Committee, which is given 
on p. 8, invited the the organization of a larger Cen- 
tennial Committee, which was composed of representa- 
tives of all the faculties, all of the alumni associations, 
including those in other cities. This large committee 
was subdivided into smaller committees, the chairmen of 
which are stated on p. 12. In the early meetings of the 
various committees it was recognized that in order to 
make the thousands of alumni throughout the United 
States acquainted with the purposes of the Centennial 
festivities, a mass meeting of all the alumni that could be 
reached, should be called on January 22, 1907. Even if 
these alumni could not attend the mass meeting in person, 
this call would at least serve to bring their attention to the 
Centennial of their Alma Mater and make them familiar 
with its new policies and the various plans outlined in the 
addresses given in the following programme : 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 19 

1807 1907 

CENTENNIAL 

OF THE 

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 
PRELIMINARY MASS MEETING OF THE ALUMNI 

AT 

GERMANIA MAENNERCHOR HALL 

410 West Lombard Street 

baltimore, md. 

TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 22, 1907 

■ EIGHT o'clock 

PROGRAMME 

HENRY M. WILSON, M.D., 

Class of 50, Presiding 



1. Introductory and Explanatory, H. H. Biedler, M.D., Class of '76 

Chairman Committee of Mass Meeting 

2. Foreshadowings op our Centennial, 

J no. C. Hemmeter, M.D., LL.D., Class of '84. 
Chairman Committee of Regents 

MUSIC 

3. The School of Medicine, Samuel C. Chew, M.D., Class of '58 

4. The Law Department, Ex-Atty. Gen. John P. Poe, LL.D. 



5. The Dental Department, F.J.S.Gorgas,M.D.,D.D.S.,Classof'63 

6. The Pharmaceutical Department, 

Chas. Caspari, Jr., Phar. D., Class of '69 

music 

7. The Department of Arts and Sciences, President Thomas Fell, LL.D. 

8. Announcements. 



20 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Collation Smoker Reunion 



B. Merrill Hopkinson, M.D., Vocalist 
Miedling's Orchestra 

CENTENNIAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 

May 30th to June Sd, inclusive 

John C. Hemmeter, M.D., Phil. D., LL.D. 
Chairman, Committee of Regents 

B. Merrill Hopkinson, M.D., Secretary 

FINANCE 

Thos. a. Ashby, M.D., Chairman 
1125 Madison Avenue 

MUSIC 

B. Merrill Hopkinson, M.D. 

Professional Building 

HONORARY DEGREES 
John P. Poe, LL.D. 

PROGRAMMES, PRINTING, INVITATIONS, ETC. 

J. L.V. Murphy, Esq. 

Maryland Telep.ionf- Building 

PRESS AND PUBLICATION 

Oregon Milton Dennis, Esq. 

130-132 Law Building 

RECEPTION 

T. O. Heatwole, M.D., D.D.S 

14 W. North Avenue 

BANQUET COMMITTEE 

G. Lane Taneyhill, M.D. 

1103 Madison Avenue 

ORATORS 

W. Calvin Chestnut, Esq. 
Calvert Building 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 21 

ACADEMIC COSTUME 

Thomas Fell, Ph.D. 

St. John's College, Annapolis 

HOSPITALITY 

Nathan Winslow, B.A., M.D. 

Mt. Royal and North Aves. 

LADIES' RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT 
Mrs. Samuel C. Chew 
£15 W. Lanvale St. 



COMMITTEE ON MASS MEETING 

H. H. BiEDLER, A.M., M.D., Chairman] 

G. Lane Taneyhill, A.M., M.D. \ Medical Department 

Charles E. Sadtler, A.M., M.D. J 

Oregon Milton Dennis, LL.B., Law Department 

C. V. Matthews, DD.S., Dental Department 

Charles Caspar:, Jr., Phar. D., Pharmaceutical Department 

Thomas Fell, A.M., LL.D., Academic Department 



OPENING ADDRESS OF DR. HENRY M. WILSON. 

ALUMNUS 1850 — CHAIRMAN OF THE MASS MEETING OF 

ALUMNI OF ALL DEPARTMENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY 

OF MARYLAND, ON JANUARY 22, 1907. 

It is a charming custom, especially observed among the 
English-speaking races, to celebrate the home-coming of 
families at stated times. This custom also obtains among 
certain colleges and universities, when the years have 
speeded into the centuries. In preparation for such an 
occasion we have met tonight. The centennary of our 
old University draws on apace, and it has been deemed 
fitting that her sons should embrace the opportunity to 
testify their love and kindly memories of all the past of 
her history, and their God-speed for her enlarged duties 
in the future. 

As one of the oldest, if not the oldest of her alumni 
here present, I can look back beyond the half-century 
mark. I entered her halls in '48, and can speak with 
confidence of the value of her teaching. Whatever was 
known to science at that time was faithfully taught, and 
that, too, by men as competent as any in the country. 
I recall the peerless anatomist, Joseph Roby, the brilHant 
clinician and auscultator, William Power, the scholarly 
Chew, and the old Emperor, as we used to call him, Nathan 
R. Smith, than whom a greater surgeon did not live in this 
country, or indeed in any other. 

But why linger on an old generation of professors, 
when their successors, whom you all know, have so ably 
sustained and advanced her reputation. As a matter 
of fact, our Alma Mater has never fallen below the highest 



UNIVERSITY OP MARYLAND 23 

standard, either in men or methods. As special investi- 
gations have been made, or discoveries appeared in any 
part of the world, she has at once given her students the 
knowledge of such work. She has encouraged special- 
ties in her curriculum, and so her Dental Annex has been 
noted for thoroughness and success: her Legal Depart- 
ment has been served by some of the most learned talent 
of the bar, and she has sent forth many with her impri- 
matur, who are to be defenders of the State and its citizens 
either with the ''serge or ermine." 

She reaches the century mark with no semblance of 
senile infirmity. Her step is all the firmer, and her voice 
has still the ring of the trumpet, as she beckons her sons 
to the front and points onward. She steps upon the 
threshold of the century, not alone or unattended. Her 
jubilee is enriched by another trophy. Her aegis now 
covers another college of liberal arts — St. John's College, 
of Annapolis, which comes to us not as a weakling, but 
full-grown and strong ; whose hand we grasp in token of 
common rights and common privileges, and to whom we 
extend a right-royal welcome to all the old home affords. 
But I must not forget that distinguished representatives 
of her different faculties are here present, and I will no 
longer detain you from the pleasure of hearing them. 



REMARKS BY DR. H. H. BIEDLER. 

AT THE MASS MEETING OF ALL ALUMNI, JANUARY 22, 1907. 

Mr. President, Members of the Faculties and Fellow 
Alumni of the University of Maryland: 

It affords me very great pleasure on behalf of the Mass 
Meeting Committee of the Alumni of this great and grand 
University to welcome you here and to say that the Alumni 
of the University of Maryland residing in this city, and who 
have been spared to enjoy a part of two centuries, should 
not miss the opportunity of a general conference of the 
Alumni of all departments to determine in what way 
could we best show our love and appreciation of our Alma 
Mater; by honoring our University we honor ourselves 
and each and every one of us should pledge our best efforts 
tonight to the success of the Centennial which will take 
place May 30 to June 2. The importance of Univer- 
sity life and success has never attracted the citizens of 
this country to the extent that it does now. All over our 
land comes the cry: Onward and upward with universi- 
ties; give them all the assistance you can^"in unity 
there is strength" — the Lord helps them who help them- 
selves. The successful and charitable financiers of this 
country are giving their assistance to universities all over 
the world. Pray tell me why we should remain silent 
when we are the sons of such a meritorious and worthy 
Alma Mater? 

Fellow Alumni, this is a day of fads and fancies, and 
I assure you it is by far the extreme height of the fashion 
to beg — ^let us be fashionable if nothing more. You must 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 25 

know that when a university has no wants it is almost, if 
not quite, moribund, and to this end I have already had 
pledged to the University the sum of five thousand dollars 
provided we raise one thousand tonight, so let us duplicate 
the amount already secured. 

This thought with the wants of the University will be 
further elucidated by the eminent speakers who will follow 
me. 



THE RENAISSANCE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF 

MARYLAND. 



ADDRESS BY JOHN C. HEMMETER, M.D., PH.D., LL.D., 

PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY, ETC., UNIVERSITY OF 

MARYLAND, ON OCCASION OF THE MASS MEETING 

OF THE ALUMNI OF ALL DEPARTMENTS ON 

JANUARY 22, 1907. 

This day, January 22, is a day of exceptional his- 
toric interest in medicine. On this day in 1720 Lancisi, 
a physician to the Pope and renowned for meritorious 
work in anatomy and pathology of the heart, died. He 
was the teacher of Morgagni, the actual founder of path- 
ologic anatomy as an independent science (1682-1771). 
On this day, 1851, Carl Franz Naegele, a professor of 
obstetrics in Heidelberg, an author of an excellent text- 
book on obstetrics, died. On this day, 1901, the great 
American surgeon, Lewis Albert Sayre, professor and one 
of the founders of Belle vue Hospital Medical College, 
died, at the age of 81 years. He was the inventor of a 
plaster of paris corset for scoliosis, and contributed largely 
to medical literature of his day. On this day, in 1902, 
Prof. Hugo Wilhelm von Ziemssen, the celebrated German 
clinician, professor of the University of Munich, died. He 
was the editor of Ziemssen's Encyclopedia of Medicine. 
On the twenty-second of January, 1561, Lord Francis 
Bacon, the celebrated Enghsh philosopher and states- 
man, was born, author of the renowned work, entitled 
Novum Organon. He was the originator of the inductive 
method of investigation, and brought about a reform of 
philosophy as well as of natural sciences, which caused 



BERNARD CARTER, LL.D., 
PROVOST OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 



a nwwi tii n ri to'tJiMiilhll Blhft^^ 



'VSVfiiViWl/)ltt'.SItliit\*-K'S 



aViAJYSIAlfi 'SO YTia>I3.7r/ITJ aHT 10 TgQYOH'T 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 27 

also a great uprising in the objective investigations in all 
natural sciences, especially in physiology, and prepared 
the way for Harvey. On this day, John Frederick Blu- 
menbach, professor in Gottingen, died. He was the 
founder of the science of anthropology. 

To Lord Bacon is attributed a sentiment which sug- 
gests a famous line of Pope, ^'A little learning is a dan- 
gerous thing." 

This adage is diagonally opposed to the wisdom of 
Heraclitus, who in his sixteenth aphorism r^oXuiiadirj voov iyer^ 
<>u didaffKei, meaning ''much learning does not teach one to 
have understanding." 

But if we were to seek a well adapted sentiment to 
serve as a guiding line for the teaching of our University, 
we could not select a better one than the well known 
Kantian expression which Boas makes use of on the 
title page of his excellent work on the diseases of the 
intestines, namely, 'Wee infra, nee ultra scire — not to know 
too little and not to know too much." 

I was to speak to you this evening on the "Fore- 
shadowings of Our Centennial," and in my mind's eye I can 
see the gathering of a greater host of Alumni to celebrate 
the second centennial a hundred years hence. I can see 
the president of a world-renowned University of Mary- 
land step out at the head of an academic procession, 
from a magnificent marble building, fronted with great 
white columns, and he will confront the cheering throng 
of the University's sons on a wide and beautiful green 
campus, adorned with classical statuary and monu- 
ments to the by-gone great teachers of the institution. 
And he shall refer to the hundred years which expire in 
May, 1907, as the "Lombard Street epoch," when all the 
buildings and institutions of the University were con- 
fined to that street, where now, he will continue to say, 
"no trace of the former buildings is left; they have all 



28 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

been replaced by factories and stores, and on that street 
there was a hall belonging to a German musical society in 
which over 400 of the Alumni of the University of Maryland 
gathered on the twenty-second day of January, 1907, just 
one hundred years ago. At that time our University had 
really only two faculties — the Faculties of Law and the 
Faculties of Medicine — for the departments of pharmacy 
and dentistry were parts of the Faculty of Physics. 
Our Universit}^ had then just effected its union with 
the ancient St. John's College, of Annapolis, whose begin- 
nings really date back to King William's College, the 
old Colonial school on State House Hill, at Annapolis, 
which, in 1696, was the first free public school in America. 
In 1784, this became St. John's College. 

^'Now on that evening of January 22, 1907, this St. 
John's College was again united with the University 
of Maryland in Baltimore, the two becoming one institu- 
tion; and so," he will continue to say, "we are in 2007, 
not celebrating simply the two hundredth anniversary, 
but if we take into account the glorious history of St. 
John's College and our former union with it, we are in 
reality celebrating our three hundredth anniversary. 

" But the first real and earnest efforts to make a genu- 
ine university date from the final reunion of St. John's 
and the University of Maryland in January, 1907." So 
much of prophec}^ 

Fellow Alumni, here assembled this evening, keep 
your eyes fixed on this prophetic vision and do all in 
your power to realize this dream. From the school of 
medicine should develop in the next few years a Faculty 
of Natural Philosophy, bestowing the degree of Master 
of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy for combination studies 
in the natural sciences, in general biology, physiology, 
botany, physics, chemistry, psychology. From the 
Faculty of Law should develop a department of political 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 29 

economics. From the academic department, St. John's 
College should develop a school of philosophy, ethics, 
logic, philology, mathematics and so on. There should 
also be a School of Technology connected with this uni- 
versity. 

The problem of the feasibility of having a Faculty of 
Theology should be taken up. There is a great deal to 
be learned by discussion on this subject. I can divine 
that we will reach the result that such a faculty, properly 
constituted, might be of advantage to the University of 
Maryland, especially as there is no faculty of divinitj^ 
associated with any of the great universities of the 
East embracing all academic departments. Most of the 
universities that are denominational so far have not 
attained to complete departments in medicine and the 
natural sciences. 

According to Socrates, a great many of our difficulties 
in life as well as in the fate and management of institu- 
tions, are due to errors of conception. Some of the diffi- 
culties of the University of Maryland in the past have 
been due to the fact and error in conception that the 
managing faculties did not understand what was m.eant 
by the term ' 'University of Maryland . ' ' Similarly as Louis 
XIV, when asked a definition of the State, said, '^UEtat 
c' est moi. '' ' So the faculties of the University of Maryland 
were apt to think, if they did not say it, " The Universit}^, 
that's ourselves;" and a great many times, I am sorry to 
say, they acted on that basis ; and this is one of the reasons 
perhaps the principal reason, why the University of 
Maryland is no farther advanced in endowment at the 
present day. If the faculties had not always worked 
^^jpour moi,'^ but had worked on the broad basis, always 
looking for the foundation of an endowment, grappling 
and cementing their Alumni to the heart of the Univer- 
sity with hoops of steel, there would have been more to 



30 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

show in the way of endowment at the present day. But 
there has been a splendid awakening of altruism in the 
present faculty and the foundation of a sohd endow- 
ment is highly probable as well as the organization of an 
independent board of trustees. This Centennial is our 
great opportunity to increase our endowment, an oppor- 
tunity which we should not fail to make use of. 

"Master of human destinies am I; 
Fame, love and fortune on my footsteps wait; 
Cities and fields I walk; I penetrate 
Deserts and seas remote, and passing by 
Hovel and mart and palace, soon or late 
I knock unbidden once at every gate. 
If sleeping, wake, if feasting, rise before 
I turn away; it is the hour of fate 
And those who follow me reach every state 
Mortals desire, and conquer every foe 
Save death; while those who doubt or hesitate 
See me in vain, and uselessly implore; 
I answer not, and I return no more." 

— Ingalls. 

Perhaps the most important question affecting the 
future, not only of science in the limited sense, but of 
learning of all kinds in this country, is that of the proper 
relation of faculties of the universities to the trustees. 
That the question has come into prominence at the pres- 
ent time is due to the fact that, since in business the 
tendency is towards greater concentration of power in a 
few hands, so, if we regard education as a business, the 
control of all educational questions should be in the hands 
of a few trustees. In the universities, however, there is 
the purely financial question of the management of the 
funds, and the question of education considered from the 
intellectual side; and the two questions are not only 
essentially different in their nature, but also the training 
necessary for a business man is not the same as that neces- 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 31 

sary for one who is to be an educator and a scholar. To 
the trustee belongs the management of the finances, and 
it is preposterous to entrust purely business matters to a 
numerous body like the teaching faculty, even were they 
not unfitted for such work by their lack of training. To 
the faculty belong the practical work of education and to 
the advancement of learning by research. The difficulty 
at the present time is that when it comes to questions of 
general educational policy to be pursued there is an 
increasing tendency on the part of the trustees to assume 
that it is their business, and not that of the faculty. Prac- 
tically the board which controls the expenditure of money 
can, if it wishes, shape the policy without regard to the 
opinion of others. Whether it is better for education 
and learning that they should do so is another matter. 
Probably a large portion of the educated public is of the 
opinion that the faculty is better qualified than the trus- 
tees to decide educational questions, both theoretical and 
practical, and they would certainly agree in thinking that 
no educational policy should be adopted without the con- 
currence of the faculty. 

In answer to the assertion that the trustees cannot 
manage the finances any better than the present faculties, 
it can be argued : 

I. That the present management of the Universitj^ 
of Maryland is considered unsatisfactory by all our alumni 
(almost unanimously) and even by some of the faculty 
itself. Every emeritus professor, as soon as he withdraws 
from the active faculty, advocates trustees. The work of 
teaching in the didactic, laboratory and clinical courses, 
as well as the responsibility of management in certain 
work of the hospital is m^ore than sufficient for the teach- 
ers. They should be spared the administrative and finan- 
cial management. 

II. There may be considered three spheres of action 
or duties, for a regent in the Faculty of Medicine : 



32 . THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

1. Teaching, 

2. Finance. 

3. Administration. 

By administrative work I mean the duties in attend- 
ing to the grounds and buildings and contracting for new 
work and repairs. The employment of officers, clerks, 
janitors, typewriters, getting up the catalogues and lecture 
schedules, etc., etc. 

III. The didactic and clinical discipline is defective 
because the teachers are overworked in some depart- 
ments and the Medical Faculty, for instance, has to con- 
sume so much of its time at its regular m^eetings by finan- 
cial and administrative work, that the didactic discipline 
cannot be considered with that earnestness and zeal it 
requires. The entire medical discipline needs reforma- 
tion. There should be a logical graded course of m^edical 
discipline. There must be selective courses offered to 
medical students. " Concentration, sequence and election 
are the fruitful principles in the best modern education." 
(W. T. Porter. Preface to his laboratory text-book of 
phj^siology.) 

In 1898 the Committee of Medical Education, appointed 
by the Harvard Faculty of Medicine, reported in favor of 
the ''concentration" system urged in the committee by 
Dr. W. T. Porter in common with Professor W. T. Coun- 
cilman, an alumnus of the University of Maryland. By 
this method, the first half-year in the Medical School is 
devoted to anatomy and histologj^, the second half-year 
to physiology and biological chemistry, the third-half 
year to pathology and bacteriology, and the fourth, fifth 
and sixth half-years to practical medicine and surgery. 
Work under the new system began in the collegiate year 
1899-1900. In 1904, largely through the influence of 
Professor Bowditch, the seventh and eighth half-years 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 33 

were made elective, each student choosing for himself the 
studies best suited to his needs. 

Concentration provides that the student shall not 
serve two masters, but shall study at one time only one 
principal subject, such as physiology or pathology, dis- 
ciplines that do not yield readily to a divided mind. 
Sequence provides that a foundation shall be laid before 
the superstructure is attempted. Students now have an 
acquaintance with anatomy before they begin the study 
of physiology. Election somewhat tardily intrusts to 
university men rarely less than twenty-five years of age 
a voice in the decision of their nearest affairs. The apph- 
cation of these principles to medical teaching has undoubt- 
edly resulted in large savings of timie and energy. 

The economy of force secured by concentration and- 
sequence has been highly valuable, though not indispens- 
able, in the new teaching of physiology introduced by 
Prof. W. T. Porter in February, 1900. The traditional 
teaching of physiology consists of lectures illustrated by 
occasional demonstrations and, in some instances, by 
experiments performed by the students themselves. The 
new method is fundamentally opposite. It consists of 
experiments and observations by the student himself. 
The didactic instruction, comprising lectures, written 
tests, recitations, conferences, and the writing and dis- 
cussing of these, follows the student's experiments and 
considers them in relation to the work of other observers. 
In the old m.ethod, the stress is upon the didactic teach- 
ing. In the new there is no less didactic teaching, but 
stress is upon observation. The old method insensibly 
teaches men to rest upon authority, but now directs them 
to nature. 

IV. By continuing in the function of administra- 
tration of the various faculties they place themselves in a 
disadvantageous position before the pubhc benefactors 



34 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

and legislators because they have to defend themselves 
against the allegation that they are managing the finan- 
cial affairs of the University to their personal interest. 

V. On Februarj^ 5, 1907, Mr. Rockefeller increased 
the resources of the General Education Board in New 
York by thirty-two million dollars. The interest of about 
thirty million dollars is distributed to universities of this 
country annually from the funds granted by Carnegie 
and Rockefeller. Participation in these benefits has been 
denied us, the University of Maryland, on the ground 
that it is simply a professional school managed by the fac- 
ulties, not by trustees, and that it is not a real university. 
The solidity of this assertion is lost by our affiliation with 
St. John's College. At a recent meeting, the regents of 
the University have appointed the following committee 
for the purpose of submitting a plan for the acquisition 
of an endowm.ent, as well as for a general systematiza- 
tion of all efforts in that direction that have hitherto been 
made by different committees, associations, regents, trus- 
tees and individuals. The University has a Board of 
Trustees, incorporated by act of the legislature of the 
state, as Trustees of the Endowment Fund of the University 
of Maryland. The functions of this board are almost 
exclusively administrative, but Prof. Eugene F. Cor- 
dell, the secretary, must be credited with having made 
the most sustained efforts at increasing its funds. The 
new committee, appointed by the regents, for the organi- 
zation of endowments consists of the following gentle- 
men: Representing the Department of Medicine, Prof. 
J. C. Hemmeter, chairman; Departm^ent of Law, Judge 
Henry Stockbridge; Department of Pharmacy, Prof. 
Charles Caspari; Department of Dentistry, Professor 
Heatwole ; Academic Department, St. John's College, 
Prof. Thomas Fell. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 35 

REMOVAL OF THE UNIVERSITY TO A NEW SITE. 

I would also urge the removal of the professional 
schools of the University of Maryland, together with the 
hospitals to some new location in the northwestern section 
of the city, where there is a more healthy, physical and 
moral environment, and for this purpose I would urge on 
the members of the medical and dental faculty, especially 
the younger members, the organization of a stock com- 
pany, for the purpose of purchasing land in one of the 
northwestern sections which is not yet improved by 
buildings and the erection of modern medical and surgical 
wards, lecture halls, laboratories and a library and admin- 
istrative building. This should be considered before any 
further funds are spent in the construction of new build- 
ings at Greene and Lombard streets. 

The present region is being encroached upon by fac- 
tories more and more ; the atmosphere is thick with smoke, 
the noise is intolerable to the many suffering individuals 
in the hospital, two important car lines cross immediately 
through the heart of the present site of the University 
and add to the general turmoil, dust, restlessness and 
confusion. It will still be needed in part as an emergency 
hospital should the University ever move. There is also 
an increasing demoralization of this neighborhood which 
is a very heavy factor in determining our desire for a 
removal, when we reflect the danger to the psychic health 
of our one thousand students. A very heavy responsi- 
bility rests on the regents concerning this latter question. 
They cannot escape dealing with it by any makeshift or 
evasive expediency. The erection of a students' dormi- 
tory on the northwest corner of Greene and Lombard 
streets will to a large extent prevent this demoralization. 

The idea once conceived and verified, that great and 
noble ends are to be achieved, by which the condition of 
the whole University shall be permanently bettered, by 



36 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

bringing into exercise a sufficient quantity of sober 
thoughts, and by a proper adaptation of means, is of itself 
sufficient to set us earnestly on reflecting what ends are 
truly great and noble, either in themselves or as conducive 
to others of a still loftier character; because we are not 
now as heretofore, hopeless of attaining them. It is not 
now equally harmless and insignificant whether we are 
right or wrong, since we are no longer supinely and help- 
lessly carried down the stream of events, but feel ourselves 
capable of buffeting at least with its waves and perhaps 
of riding triumphantly over them; for why should we 
despair that reason that has enabled us to subdue all 
nature to our purposes, should (if permitted and assisted 
by the providence of God) achieve a far more difficult 
conquest and ultimately find some means of enabling the 
collective wisdom of our faculties to bear down those 
obstacles which individual shortsightedness, selfishness 
and passion oppose to all improvements, and by which the 
highest hopes are continually blighted and the fairest 
prospects marred. So that from this Renaissance of the 
University of Maryland, there shall develop a University 
such as there can be no doubt whatever, was in the 
minds of the organizers who formulated the plan and 
charter of the University one hundred years ago ; namely, 
a University for the People, of the People, and hy the People 
of Maryland. 

May this truth spread abroad with its all-absorbing 
power, cementing the links of our various faculties, unit- 
ing the interests of the various schools, until our Univer- 
sity shall rise to a standard of perfection, destined by 
Divine Providence. 



THE CHAIR OF MEDICINE IN THE UNIVERSITY 
OF MARYLAND. 

AN ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFORE THE ALUMNI OF THE 
UNIVERSITY, JANUARY 22, 1907, BY SAMUEL C. 
CHEW, M.D., PROFESSOR OF THE PRAC- 
TICE OF MEDICINE. 

The subject of the "School of Medicine," in the Univer- 
sity of Maryland, having been assigned to me for consider- 
ation at this meeting, I think it best not to attempt the 
story of everything relating to the school which that term 
might imply, but to confine myself to some reminiscences 
and traditions connected with the chair of Practice of 
Medicine, which I have myself occupied for many years. 

At the foundation of the school one hundred years ago 
the first physician appointed to the chair of Practice was 
Dr. George Brown, who was born in Ireland in the year 
1755, and who in 1779 obtained his medical degree at the 
University of Edinburgh, which was then, as it has con- 
tinued to be, a famous seat of medical learning, largely 
through the great reputation of the Monros, who were 
known successively as Primus, Secundus and Tertius, 
and who were followed by other teachers of distinguished 
abihty down to John Hughes Bennett and George Balfour 
of our own day. 

In 1783 Dr. Brown emigrated to Baltimore, where he 
attained great success as a practitioner, and where he 
was appointed to the chair of medicine in this school at 
its foundation in 1807, and was president of its Board of 
Regents until 1812. 

Dr. Brown was the grandfather of the late George Wil- 
liam Brown, Chief Judge of the Supreme Bench of this 



38 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

city, and at one time an instructor in the School of Law in 
our University, and he was the great-grandfather of my 
friend Arthur George Brown, one of the most prominent 
members of the bar of Baltimore at present, whose hered- 
itary connection by this twofold tie with the Univer- 
sity of Maryland is, I am sure, a source of gratification to 
others of his friends who are here tonight as well as to 
myself. 

Dr. Brown, though appointed to the chair of Practice, 
did not enter upon its duties, but resigned the position 
almost immediately and was succeeded in it by Dr. 
Nathaniel Potter, who was thus the first actual or active 
incumbent of the chair, which he filled from 1807 to 1843, 
the year of his death. I have no personal recollection of 
him, but there are two things, which, when I follow 
Prospero's counsel and look into " the dark backward and 
abysm of time," are among the very earliest engraven upon 
the tablet of my memory. One is the solemn tolling of 
bells which, on inquiring what it meant, I was inform.ed, 
being then a little child, was for the death of the first 
President Harrison, who died, it will be remembered, 
just one month after his inauguration. The other record 
upon the tablet is that of someone at my home, I know not 
whom, uttering the words ^^Dr. Potter is dead." These 
two events of the long past have no connection with 
each other, except the fact that each is the record of the 
termination of a life. 

Although, as stated, I have no remembrance of having 
ever seen Professor Potter, his face is yet very familiar to 
me, as it is to others here present, from the portrait of 
him which for many years has hung in the Faculty room of 
the School of Medicine. The attitude in which he is 
represented in the picture is that of a scholar holding 
in his hand a volume, which was one of his own works, 
'' Potteron Contagion," as is shown in the picture. Now it 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 39 

is most interesting to see that in that book, a copy of 
which is in our Hbrary and which was probably the author's 
favorite among his writings, he maintains the non-con- 
tagious character of Yellow Fever, a disease with which 
he was very familiar, for it had prevailed in Baltimore 
more than once during his professional life. It is espe- 
cially interesting to find that in support of his opinion 
he brought forward the same kind of evidence which was 
adduced by the United States Army Yellow Fever Com- 
mission, as given in their report in 1901; the evidence 
being the application of handkerchiefs and other fomites 
which had been kept in contact with yellow fever patients, 
to others not laboring under the disease, with the result 
that it was not communicated to them. And he thus 
anticipated what has of late years been fully established 
by the labors of Dr. Walter Reed, Dr. James Carroll, Dr. 
Aristides Agramonte and that noble martyr to science and 
to humanity, Dr. Jesse W. Lazear, a name to be spoken 
with reverence, for it is haloed with a martyr's crown. 

This anticipation of the truth is, I think, a most interest- 
ing fact in the history of this School and of Medicine. 

The next incumbent of the chair of Practice was Dr. 
Elisha Bartlett, of Massachusetts, who was elected to it 
early in 1844, and who had had experience as a teacher of 
medicine in several schools, the last of which was the 
Transylvania University, in which he resigned his position 
to accept the call to Baltimore. Of him I have a faint, 
shadowy recollection. I can recall, and yet but dimly, 
his tall form and his strikingly intellectual countenance. 
He was a medical philosopher of admirable reasoning 
powers and high attainments. His treatise on the ' Tevers 
of the United States," first pubhshed in 1842, should be in 
the library of every medical scholar, for it entitles him to 
a place among those great workers who were engaged in 
differentiating from each other the various forms of febrile 



40 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

disease, a place with Louis of Paris, and Sir William Jenner 
of London, and Gerhard of Philadelphia, and James 
Jackson, Jr., of Boston. 

Professor Bartlett's philosophical works are also of 
great value, his '' Philosophy of Medical Science," pub- 
lished in 1844, and his " Inquiry into the Degree of Cer- 
tainty in Medicine," in 1848. 

It was said by Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes that Bart- 
lett's "Medical Philosophy" is as remarkable for elegance 
of style as for liberal and genial spirit and philosophic 
breadth of view. One passage I can recall as having 
impressed itself upon my youthful memory and imagina- 
tion long years ago. The author is drawing a contrast 
between the various forms of charlatanry, which from 
time to time seek to rival medical science on the one hand, 
and legitimate, scientific medicine on the other. He 
likens them respectively to two kinds of illumination; 
in the one there is a noise, a rush, a burst into a myriad 
of coruscations which are soon extinguished, leaving 
behind them an obscuring cloud of smoke, which parts 
and is scattered, and these are his words: "Courage, my 
friends, look up, and there looking down upon us with their 
dear old smile of affectionate recognition, undimmed in 
their brightness and unchanged in their loveliness, the 
everwatchful stars." Their light represents scientific 
medicine. 

In 1846 Professor Bartlett, in failing health, resigned 
his chair and was succeeded in it by Dr. William Power, 
a native of this city, who had taken his degree of A.B. at 
Yale in 1832, and of M.D. at this school in 1835, and he 
was thus the first alumnus of the school to occupy the 
chair of Practice in it. After his graduation here, he 
pursued his medical studies in Paris, under that brilliant 
corps of teachers consisting of Louis, Andral, Grisolle, 
Barth and the great pathologist Cruveilhier. Of these. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 41 

some had passed away when I was myself studying in 
Paris, twenty-five years later; but Grisolle and Barth, 
then old men, were still giving valuable and effective 
instruction, and Cruveilhier, having retired from his chair, 
could be seen setting an example of devotion on his way 
every morning to the services of his church. 

When Dr. Power returned to Baltimore in 1840 he was 
known as a proficient in auscultatory diagnosis in which 
he had been well trained by Louis, and he was among the 
first to practice and teach that art and science here. 

The story is told that once when a resident of Baltimore, 
suffering from some trouble of the chest, went to Paris to 
consult Louis, he was asked by that eminent physician 
from what part of America he came, and when he answered 
"from Baltimore," "Why, then," said Louis, "do you 
come all the way to Paris to consult me when you have 
William Power in Baltimore." Such was the impression 
which the pupil had made upon the teacher. I have a 
clear recollection of Professor Power, although his con- 
nection with this University ceased before I began the 
study of medicine. I can recall his intellectual face, 
"sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought," and with 
that malady, pulmonary tuberculosis, to which he fell 
a victim when still comparatively young in his professional 
life, for he was only in his thirty-ninth year when he died. 
It is worthy of note that one who was so active in promot- 
ing the study and practice of auscultation, should have 
died of the same disease and nearly at the same age as 
Laennec, the great medical philosopher and discoverer, 
as he might be called, of auscultatory diagnosis. As a 
teacher, Professor Power was a strenuous and faithful 
worker, admired and honored by his students, and when 
laboring under the distressing conditions of his malady, 
constant dyspnoea and recurring hemorrhages, he still con- 
tinued to meet his classes and to impart instruction until 



42 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

in 1852 he was compelled to abandon the unequal contest 
and to resign his chair, his death occuring on the 15th of 
August in that year. 

And here let me depart for a moment from the chrono- 
logical order to pay a brief tribute to one who was allied 
by affinity to Professor Power, and was taught by him: 
I refer to that most accomplished physician and most 
admirable man, Charles Frick, who, though he never 
occupied the chair of Practice in this school, was engaged 
in clinical teaching here and would certainly have acceded 
to the chair had his life been prolonged. For he was 
skilful and instructive as a clinician, and, if I may modify 
a classic phrase, ^'omnium consensu capax docendi.^' 
He was my friend as well as my teacher, and to this day, 
though nearly forty-seven years have passed since his 
death, the lessons of professional learning which I derived 
from him recur to my mind. The way in which Professor 
Frick's life ended from devotion to a suffering fellow crea- 
ture in the lowest walk in life is well known to many here, 
and it illustrates those words which were uttered by the 
divinest lips, " Greater love hath no man than this, that 
a man lay down his life for his friend." 

When the chair of Practice became vacant in 1852, by 
the death of Professor Power, one was appointed to the 
place in regard to whom it is not for me to offer any words 
or any thoughts of my own. But how can I omit entirely 
from the category which I have been surveying one who 
gave the best years of his life and the richest stores of his 
learning and experience to the service and welfare of this 
school, and who, as my most faithful guide and as my 
wisest counselor was by me honored and beloved? For 
many years there had been a close and cordial friendship 
and affection between him to whom I refer and Professor 
Nathan Ryno Smith, that prince among the surgeons of his 
day, who had known many men in many places and of 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 43 

various attainments and characters. When this friend- 
ship was sundered by death, Professor Smith said to me, 
"Among all whom I have known in my whole Hfe, I have 
never known a wiser or a better man than your father." 
I add no words of my own, but I trust that I do not violate 
proper feeling in presenting to you a sentiment which was 
uttered by him before an assemblage in which, as in the 
one before me tonight, there were many members of the 
medical profession : 

^^ There are other paths which lead more certainly to dis- 
tinctions, honors and affluence than does medicine. There 
are other professions which may be more exempt from 
cares and disappointments. But where shall we find 
a pursuit more favorable than ours to the development 
and improvement of the best faculties of our intellectual 
and moral nature? Where shall we find an occupation 
for the few and fleeting years of life more conducive to 
progress in wisdom and virtue? To grow old engaged in 
the acquisition of knowledge was the wish of the wisest 
of the ancients. The sentiment is purified and elevated 
by referring it to a just and adequate motive. To grow 
old in the study of science for the purpose of doing good 
to mankind shows a desire worthy, not only of the 
wisest, but of the best and holiest of men." 

Next in succession to the chair came one in 1864 who 
was well known to many here present, and known only to 
be honored and esteemed. I refer, as you know, to Pro- 
fessor Ri chard. McSherry, who brought to the duties of his 
post an excellent training of mind and the fruits of large 
opportunities for observation in civil and military practice, 
for he had held the position of surgeon in both branches 
of the public service. His lectures were accurate in 
thought, scholarly in their structure and always fraught 
with valuable lessons which were deeply impressed upon 
his students. 



44 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

At his death in 1885, one was called to his place who 
can say only this, that none can be more conscious than 
he is himself of the imperfections and deficiences in the 
way in which the duties of that place have been performed, 
but as the time draws near at which the chair will again 
become vacant, a time which cannot be long deferred, he 
asks that he may be allowed to plead simply this, that he 
has striven to do his duty. 



THE DEPARTMENT OF LAW. 

ADDRESS BY PROF. JOHN PRENTISS POE, AT MASS MEETING 
OF ALL ALUMNI, JANUARY 22, 1907. 

When an institution of learning organized under the 
laws of a small State has done its work worthily and well 
for a hundred years in the face of fierce competition of 
rich and powerful rivals, with but scanty resources and 
few and small contributions from the public purse, the 
men who in the centennial of its foundation find them- 
selves charged with the duty and responsibihty of leading 
it on in its high career of usefulness and distinction have 
a right to exult in the steady progress of its triumphant 
march and to tell without reserve the inspiring story of 
its honor and renown. 

They may well invite to its venerable halls from far 
and near the alumni whom year after year it equipped 
so completely for the race of hfe, to rejoice with them in 
the excellence and power of their professional career and 
to receive their hearty fehcitations that their Alma Mater 
still strides along with majestic tread in the front rank of 
her noble competitors. 

While thus pausing to commend in glowing words the 
splendid record of the learned and accompHshed men who 
during all these long years spread unceasingly through- 
out the length and breadth of the land the name and 
fame of the University of Maryland, attracting to its 
teaching hundreds and thousands of students from dis- 
tant sections of the country, and in asserting with emphatic 
earnestness our claim to continued encouragement and 
support, there need be no fear of our overstepping the 



46 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

modesty which invariably accompanies real and distin- 
guished merit. 

Just pride in the work and worth of a long Hne of emi- 
nent predecessors is a high and commendable feeling, 
for it is at once an ever pressing stimulus to progressive 
improvement and a constant safeguard against degenera- 
tion. 

Without it no university's future is secure, while 
under its inspiring influence there are scarcely any limits 
to the field of gratifying achievements. 

The proprieties of the occasion forbid any detailed 
or extended eulogium upon the master minds under 
whose leadership the work of which we are so justly proud 
has been done. 

But an institution which calling the roll of its dead 
Provosts for nearly a hundred years, finds that roll illu- 
mined by the namxs of such men as United States Senator 
Robert Smith, Bishop James Kemp, Chief Justice Roger 
B. Taney, Dr. Ashton Alexander, John P. Kennedy and 
Severn Teackle Wallis, and which now has at its head so 
eminent a lawyer as Bernard Carter, need not shrink 
from comparison with the strongest in the land. 

A Faculty of Physic, which since its organization in 
1807, has been invariably composed of the most honored 
and accomplished leaders in their day and generation 
of their profession from the days of Alexander McDowell, 
John B. Davidge, Nathaniel Potter, EHsha DeButts, 
Samuel Baker and Granville Sharp Pattison down to 
Samuel Chew, Nathan Ryno Smith and Charles Frick 
may well and truly claim to have been always equal to 
the very best anywhere. 

And where will you find a stronger array of renowned 
lawyers of the past than in our Faculty of Law. Headed 
by the illustrious William Pinkney and followed by such 
men as Robert Goodloe Harper, David Hoffman, John 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 47 

Purviance, Nicholas Brice, Nathaniel WilHams, Roger B. 
Taney, Upton S. Heath, William Frick, Charles F. Mayer, 
Jonathan Meredith, Hugh Davey Evans, Robert N. 
Martin, Alexander H. Handy, John A. Inglis, George 
W. Dobbin, John H. B. Latrobe and George WiUiam 
Brown. 

We of the law faculty of today, mourning the loss of 
Judge Albert Ritchie, Judge Thomas S. Baer, Col. Charles 
Marshall and Major Thomas W. Hall, and deploring the 
recent resignations of Judge Charles E. Phelps, who 
worked with us for 21 years with unwearied diligence and 
marked success, and of our genial friend. Major Richard 
M. Venable, who, as the Atlas of our faculty, encouraged 
and strengthened us for 32 years, feel that we may esteem 
it a high honor to stand in the places of such distinguished 
predecessors and to have enjoyed the cherished associa- 
tion of such masterful colleagues in our labor. And, 
alumni of the University, we point to you as the most 
conclusive proof of its excellence and strength. 

We welcome you with pride and grateful appreciation 
to this imposing gathering. 

Doctors of Medicine, Masters and Bachelors of Arts, 
Bachelors of Law, we extend to you the gladsome greet- 
ing of valued friends. 

Your presence here assures us that you still cherish 
warm memiories of your University life ; that you still 
recognize your obligations to your Alma Mater; that you 
heartily rejoice in our coming centennial celebration, and 
that you will aid us generously in strengthening and enlarg- 
ing every departm^ent of the University. 

You look around you and see that the present Faculty 
of Physic aglow with inspiring enthusiasm, stimulated 
and encouraged by the examples of their great predeces- 
sors, recalling with pride grateful memories of their 
honored teachers, Christopher Johnston, Francis Donald- 



48 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

son, Francis T. Miles, William E. A. Aikin, Alan P. Smith, 
Julian J. Chisolm and George W. Miltenberger, and rejoic- 
ing that William T. Howard is yet spared to witness and 
commend their zeal, capacity and success, are still vigor- 
ously engaged in giving to their students the full bene- 
fit of the most advanced thought and attainment in every 
branch of medical science. 

Representing here tonight the Law Department, with 
which I have been actively connected since its reorgan- 
ization in 1869, it is not for me to say how well our faculty 
has measured up to expectations and acquitted ourselves 
of the heavy task committed to our charge, nor to pro- 
nounce eulogistic judgment upon our work. 

But at least I may mention the significant facts that 
starting in 1870 with three professors and a class varying 
from three to seven students, we have now twelve pro- 
fessors and on our roll two hundred and sixty students, 
and have also the gratification of knowing that from 
amongst the fourteen hundred who in these thirty-six 
years have received our diplomas, are found today many 
of the most distinguished leaders of our bar and somx of 
the most honored members of our bench. 

Rather will I speak of the peculiar debt which the 
University owes to our Medical Department. 

To it is preeminently due the well-earned reputation 
which the University has enj oyed from the beginning. Its 
professors, with scarcely an exception, have always been 
conspicuous for their skill, learning and accomplishmients, 
and in filling vacancies in its faculty special care seems to 
have been habitually taken to secure the men best qual- 
ified to maintain and increase its established reputation. 

The Law Department, under its first great professor, 
David Hoffman, who was one of the most learned among 
Maryland's great lawyers, does not seem to have been 
favored by the attendance of very niany students. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 49 

In those days university education for the profession 
of law was not at all the fashion. 

Young men who wished to become lawyers read law, 
as it was called, in the office of some practising lawyer, 
and at the expiration of the prescribed period of two 
years, were usually admitted to the bar almost as a mat- 
ter of course, after the most perfunctory examination, 
upon the motion of the gentleman under whose real or 
ostensible guidance they had gone through their course of 
reading. 

It is not surprising, therefore, that the work of the 
Law School languished, and finally ceased altogether for 
a season when its highly cultured professor departed this 
fife. 

Two of its alumni, the late George W. Dobbin and 
the late Isaac Nevett Steele, whose distinguished merits 
need no eulogium before a Baltimore audience, sufficiently 
attest the high character of the instruction given by 
Professor Hoffman to his classes, while his published 
course of study demonstrates that it must have been of 
unusual thoroughness. 

The school of the Arts and Sciences, for years known 
under the familiar name of Baltimore College, kept stead- 
ily on with excellent success and most valuable results 
for many years, but with the destruction of the college 
buildings on Mulberry street in opening Cathedral street 
it ceased to exist. 

Recently a satisfactory arrangement has been made 
with St. John's College, one of the very oldest of American 
colleges, b}^ which this ancient and vigorous institution is 
to come in and fill the place of the temporarily suspended 
School of Arts and Sciences in our University organiza- 
tion. From this auspicious restoration and union the 
most gratifying results are confidently expected. 

The University thus strengthened and enlarged is now 



50 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

shaking its wings for a higher and wider flight than ever 
before. Its coming centennial will bring prominently 
before our people the record of its great achievements, 
a clear understanding of its present full development, and 
a distinct declaration of its hopes, expectations and pur- 
poses for the year, to come as a veritable State University, 
complete in all its parts, with its schools of medicine, law 
and the arts and sciences thoroughly equipped. 

For the carrying on of this large work to full fruition, 
we feel sure that we shall receive the generous encourage- 
ment and support, not only of our thousands of living 
alumni, but also the active sympathy and assistance of 
Marylanders everywhere. That hearty sympathy and 
assistance we now earnestly ask for. 

The history of our State is rich in inspiring memories 
and achievements. She has done much for the cause 
of public education, but our people should feel, and we 
believe they do feel, a lofty sense of obligation to main- 
tain within our own borders a Maryland State University 
for the most thorough and complete education of our 
sons in every branch of academic, scientific and profes- 
sional learning. 

We wish to arouse and intensify this feeling, so that 
as its rich fruit we may speedily witness a great invigora- 
tion, a great expansion and a great increase of her hold 
upon the heart and mind of the people of the State. 

We expect by our centennial celebration to kindle more 
and more the glowing flame of State pride and enthusiasm, 
and to secure for our venerable and honored University 
a solid and substantial endowment that will abundantly 
enable her to go forward with ever-increasing power in 
her noble, beneficent and blessed career. 



THE HISTORY OF THE DENTAL DEPARTMENT. 

ADDRESS BY FERDINAND J. S. GORGAS, M.D., D.D.S., PROFES- 
SOR OF THE PRINCIPLES OF DENTAL SCIENCE, DENTAL 
SURGERY AND DENTAL PROSTHESIS DELIVERED 
JANUARY 22, 1907, AT THE MASS MEETING 
OF ALL ALUMNI. 

The history of the Dental Department of the Univer- 
sity of Maryland properly begins with the recognition of 
dentistry as a specialty of medicine by the American Med- 
ical Association, the formation in that body of a section of 
dental surgery and the establishment of dental depart- 
ments in prominent universities. Harvard, to its honor 
be it said, was the first to organize a dental department 
in 1868, followed by the University of Michigan in 1875; 
the University of Pennsylvania in 1878, and the Univer- 
sity of Maryland in 1882. Soon after, the University of 
Minnesota, the Northwestern and a number of others 
added dental schools to their departments. At the present 
time more than twenty universities have established such 
departments. 

The origin of dentistry must have been contemporane- 
ous with the origin of civilization. Among the earliest 
records of probable authenticity regarding the apprecia- 
tion of the utility and importance of the teeth, are per- 
haps the Scriptures. Jacob in blessing his sons, said of 
Judah: ^^His eyes shall be red with wine and his teeth 
white with milk," from which we must infer that the 
patriarch appreciated the beauty and cleanliness of the 
mouth. According to Biblical chronology this was in 1689, 
B.C. 



52 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

While resting in the security of God's protection, _David 
said: "Thou hast broken the teeth of the ungodly;" the 
idea being that they were rendered harmless to do injury. 

While no specific date can be obtained as to the origin 
of dentistry, we learn that it was practiced among the 
Egyptians at a very early period. Herodotus, 500 B. C, 
in writing of his travels through Egypt, at that time one of 
the greatest and most civilized countries in the world, 
alludes to the division of medicine in that kingdom into 
special branches and the existence of physicians, each of 
whom applies himself to one disease only and no more, 
'^Some are for the eyes, others for the head, others for the 
teeth and others for internal disorders." It is therefore 
probable that the Egyptians, and also the Etruscans were 
further advanced in the art of dentistry than any other 
people of that early period. Teeth filled with gold, found 
in the mouths of mummies, and also bridge- and crown- 
work in the skulls of others, indicate the advanced ideas 
of these early people, and also the fact that they supplied 
artificial substitutes in the mouth. As the Etruscans pre- 
ceded the Romans in occupying what is now Italy, the anti- 
quity of reparative dentistry is well established. I may 
also refer to Hippocrates, Aristotle and others, who hun- 
dreds of years before Christ, wrote extensively about the 
teeth ; also of Galen, who taught that the teeth were true 
bones. 

From the time of Galen until Ambrose Pare, in 1550, 
published his celebrated work on surgery, little was added 
to dental literature. In the eighteenth century about 150 
essays and volumes were written upon the subject, as the 
results of the labors of such men as Hunter, Blake and 
others. During that century dentistry became a subject 
of more critical inquiry and thorough investigation than 
ever before. Men of intelligence and scientific attain- 
ments devoted themselves to it exclusively, and as a result. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 53 



its advancement in both literary and scientific directions, 
during the nineteenth century, has been most marked. 

The position of dentistry among the professions is an 
index to the progressive development of the times. No 
vocation has made more rapid advances and the most 
important of these have been made within the last quarter 
of a century. 

The product of inventive and scientific minds is now 
enUsted in its interests, and among its votaries are men of 
broad culture, whose investigations have done much to 
illuminate the scientific world. 

The province of the dentist today is not circumscribed, 
for properly educated he is prepared to exercise the func- 
tions of an oral surgeon. While mechanical skill is an indis- 
pensable requisite, yet a pre-requisite to his success is a 
knowledge that will enable him to treat successfully the 
various diseases to which the oral cavity is subject. 
Artificial substitutions in both surgery and dentistry 
have been gradually perfected through the ingenuity of 
man, until the part supplied has been made to serve the 
purpose of the lost member in a remarkably efficient man- 
ner A high type of art has come into play and attention 
is directed to the concealment of artificiahty. Surgery 
has made notable progress along this line, but dentistry 
has far outstripped it, probably because the need of it 

seems the greater. •■,■,• •+ 

While general surgery has been greatly aided m its 
beneficent designs by the assistance of anesthesia, anti- 
septic and scientific nursing, in all of these dentistry has 
shared the benefit. Our profession has developed princi- 
pally along other Unes,!and while it is not withm the prov- 
ince of surgery to prevent the accidents or diseases which 
call for the exercise of its skill, it is directly withm the 
field of dentistry to arrest, by skilful mechamcal means, 
the ravages of such diseases as attack the oral cavity. 



54 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Preventive medicine and its results can scarcely be 
overestimated or too highly praised, but it should not 
be forgotten that preventive dentistry has also made 
wonderful strides and is rapidly advancing day by day. 
The chief glory of dentistry hes not in the sacrifice of 
important organs, but in their conservation, thus adding 
to the health and comfort of the human race. 

Experiment, investigation and tentative practice are 
exhibiting results in the way of prevention scarcely 
dreamed of even by our immediate predecessors. While it 
may be said that the field of dental operations is limited, 
yet we have reason to feel proud of the benefit it has con- 
ferred upon mankind, and it is a pleasure to know that 
the skill and earnest efforts of its practitioners are appre- 
ciated by a grateful public. 

It is of sufficient importance in the world's economy to 
attract to itself men and women, who give to it the best 
that their minds and hands are capable of. It came into 
existence in response to the cry for relief from pain. Its 
origin may have been lowly, but not more so than that 
of medicine. In fact all the arts and sciences had their 
foundations laid in a crude and imperfect manner. A 
lowly beginning has characterized many vocations that 
have in time grown into useful and aesthetic aids to the 
development and refinement of the human race. The 
subsequent progress of any occupation, and its influence 
upon the world's betterment, must be the measure of its 
value. A profession in its essence consists in accomplish- 
ing the end toward which special skill and special training 
are directed. 

Dentistry was introduced into America during the 
period of our war for independence by an Enghshman, 
John Woofendale, and a Frenchman, Joseph Lemaire. 
The former had been a student of the dentist to King 
George III . The latter was a surgeon in the French Army. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 55 

The first effort to establish a college of dentistry was 
made by Dr. Chapin A. Harris, assisted by Dr. Horace H. 
Hayden, the latter having delivered in 1837, in the Univer- 
sity of Maryland, the first course of dental lectures in 
America. It was the object of Dr. Harris to organize a 
dental school in connection with the University of Mary- 
land, but not being successful in convincing the faculty of 
the University of the usefulness of this project, he became 
the principal factor in instituting the Baltimore College of 
Dental Surgery in 1840, and through his untiring efforts 
and labors can be justly regarded as the founder of the 
present system of dental education in this country. 

In 1882 the legislature of Maryland chartered the Dental 
School as one of the departments of the University of 
Maryland. A summer session was first organized, which 
continued from May to October, when the first regular or 
winter session of 1882-1883 opened with a class of 60 ma- 
triculates. Its later classes have each numbered several 
hundred. That the dental department of the University 
of Maryland has contributed to the advancement of the 
science of dentistry is beyond question, and is shown by 
the rank it occupies among the dental schools of the 
country. 

We have every reason to be proud of its alumni, who can 
be found in the faculties of dental schools, north, south, 
east and west, upon state dental examining boards, and 
in prominent positions in State Societies. 



ADDRESS OF PROF. CHARLES CASPARI, Je. 

AT MASS MEETING OF ALL ALUMNI, JANUARY 22, 1907. 

Fellow Alumni of the University of Maryland: 

It is my privilege and pleasant duty to bring you this 
evening cordial greetings from the Department of Phar- 
macy and to assure you of our hearty support in every- 
thing that may tend to advance the interests and welfare 
of our great association of schools. The Maryland Col- 
lege of Pharmacy, which for over sixty years maintained 
an honorable independent existence as a training school 
for young pharmacists, has, as you are aware, recently 
become a part of the historic University, and its faculty 
and students alike have become loyal members of your stu- 
dent body. To many of you it may not be known that as 
early as 1845 the affiliation which has now been consum- 
mated, was foreshadowed, when Prof. David Stewart, the 
first incumbent of a separate and distinct chair of phar- 
macy in the United States, delivered a course of lectures 
in the halls of the University. I have in my possession a 
letter addressed to Professor Stewart at that time by the 
medical students, asking that they be permitted to attend 
his lectures on pharmacy, and it is needless to say that 
such permission was cheerfully granted. During that 
winter medical and pharmaceutical students jointly at- 
tended Professor Stewart's lectures deUvered in Chemical 
Hall, thus marking the first close intercourse between the 
classes of allied professions. 

To prove still more our fealty and deep interest in the 
future of the University of Maryland, our alumni of all 
ages have come tonight to join in the development 
and adoption of plans that shall lead to a successful and 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 57 

memorable celebration in May next of the one-hundredth 
anniversary of our institution's birth. I am glad to be 
able to tell you that a member of our first graduating class, 
of 1842, now in his eighty-fourth year, has responded to 
the general invitation sent to all alumni and has come here 
tonight to testify by his presence to the good will of all 
graduates of the pharmacy department toward the uni- 
versity in general, and to assure the Board of Regents 
that they are ever ready to contribute their share to the 
general uplifting and improvement of the University of 
Maryland, until it shall have become one of the leading 
institutions of its kind in our great country. On behalf 
of Pharmacy then do I offer you hearty cooperation in 
everything that may be deemed desirable to advance the 
status of the University as an educational factor, and we 
join you in a fervent prayer that its future may even be 
more glorious and prosperous than its past. 



THE DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 

BY PRESIDENT THOMAS FELL, ST. JOHN's COLLEGE, 

ANNAPOLIS, MD. DELIVERED AT THE MASS MEETING 

OF ALL ALUMNI, JANUARY 22, 1907. 

It is suggested on the program that I should speak about 
the department of arts and sciences as represented by 
St. John's College. 

In my mind's eye I go back to 1696 — more than 200 
years ago — and see the old Colonial school, King William's 
on State House Hill, in Annapolis, which was the first 
free public school in America. I mentally review the 
many eminent men who were educated there and who gave 
honor and distinction to their State and country. 

A century elapses, and I reach the time when it was 
urged by the citizens of Annapolis, in 1784, that King 
William's School, although a classical institution was 
inadequate to meet the educational demands of the age, 
and when the charter now possessed by St. John's was 
framed — a charter which designated the college as the 
Maryland University in embryo. 

Another quarter of a century goes by, and in 1807 a 
medical school was estabhshed in Baltimore, very largely 
due to the efforts and activities of graduates of St. John's 
College. 

Five years later, in 1812, with this school as its base, 
there sprang, it may be said, from the seed sown by St. 
John's, a new University of Maryland, instituted by the 
State in the city of Baltimore, whose centennial is to be 
celebrated in May. 

It is needless to recount the honors and dignities won in 
the succeeding years by the sons of these segregated schools 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 59 

and colleges; suffice it to say that the list is one of which 
we have every reason to be proud, and that it extends 
throughout another century, until, in 1907, we find St. 
John's once more taking her position by her sons in Balti- 
more and adding to them the luster and prestige which she 
has been accumulating for a period of more than 200 
years. 

When so constituted there are but two universities in 
America that can vie with the University of Maryland 
in seniority, in history and renown. It is a heritage of 
which the State of Maryland and this city of Baltimore 
should be proud. 

A university looked at externally is a thing of buildings, 
of libraries, of laboratories and lecture halls, of endow- 
ments and apparatus, but none of these things make a 
university. A university justifies itself in the present 
age just so far as it is a home of ideahsm. It has been 
said that to promote this idea two factors are essential- 
unity and harmony. Faculties, students, plans must all 
be united, so that without rivalry or needless repetition 
all our forces may be combined to advance the projects 
in view. 

Nor should we rest contented with what has already been 
done. There should be many colleges grouped under the 
iegis of a true university, and it is not necessary for any 
member of the group to lose its individuality. We must 
have our school of technology, our school of music, our 
school of fine arts, and all these we have right here under 
our hand in Baltimore. 

But a university is a good deal more than a federation of 
colleges. It is the exponent of the idea that beyond the 
work of any college is the work of all the colleges of the 
group. This is our dream. It is the picture of a river 
flowing through a thirsty plain. Up in the hills where 
the stream arises is the old schoolhouse. To give the 



60 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

spring to the river, the water to the world, the university 
to the state — that is the task which confronts us here — 
to place this University of Maryland upon a solid founda- 
tion in this grand old State of Maryland. 



RETROSPECT AND RESULTS OF MASS MEETING 
HELD JANUARY 22, 1907. 

For the first time in the history of the Maryland Uni- 
versity, all living alumni whose addresses could be found 
in the accessible registers of the legal, medical, dental and 
pharmaceutic professions, had received an invitation to 
gather at the hearth of their Alma Mater for a reunion in 
preparation of her One-Hundredth Anniversary. Aside 
from the members of the Board of Regents and the various 
teaching faculties, approximately six hundred alumni 
met at the banquet board at the Germania Msennerchor 
Hall. Notable among the banqueters were the alumni 
of St. John's College, which had just recently affiliated 
and become the Department of Arts and Sciences of the 
University of 'Maryland. As the Baltimore Sun states, 
they were enthusiastic to their fingers' tips, and enlivened 
the meeting by their college songs and made " the welkin 
ring" with their class yells. The alumni and their former 
teachers being seated at fourteen very long tables were 
led in their songs by Dr. B. Merrill Hopkinson, an alum- 
nus both of the Medical and Dental Departments and the 
most eminent baritone vocalist in the city. It was by far 
the most important meeting of the alumni of the Univer- 
sity that had been held up to that date. Among the 
alumni was Dr. John Krozer, who graduated from the 
Medical Department in 1848, an alumnus who at the date 
of this writing, 1908, graduated sixty years ago. Dr. 
William C. Kloman had graduated in 1855, i. e., fifty-two 
years ago. 

Tho venerable chairman of the meeting. Dr. Henry M. 



62 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Wilson, had graduated fifty-seven years ago, being an 
alumnus of the Medical Department, Class of 1850. 

Professor Samuel C. Ghew, one of the principal orators, 
had taken his degree in 1858, being an alumnus at the 
date of this writing of fifty years' standing. 

Dr. A. P. Sharp, who was present, graduated in Phar- 
macy in 1842, an alumnus of the Department of Pharmacy 
of 65 years' standing. 

There are few universities in America, certainly not 
more than a half-dozen can point to a more time-honored 
record and a larger number of distinguished alumni. 
That approximately six hundred men should have gath- 
ered in the midst of a severe winter was most assuring 
of their loyalty, some of them coming from a great 
distance, for the account of this meeting given in the 
Baltim.ore Sun, of January 23, gives the complete hst 
of names of alumni, some of whom give their address in 
Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carohna, 
Delaware, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas and lUinois, 
and had not the weather been so inclement it is probable 
there would have been a still larger attendance. But 
then it is not to be forgotten that thousands of alumni who 
were unable to attend were for the first timie inform^ed 
through the printed circular mailed to them of the plans 
of the coming Centennial Celebration and of the re-birth 
of their Alma Mater. 

The large hall was filled with fifteen long tables, at each 
of which were seated from forty to forty-five guests; and 
on the stage sat the eminent men who had helped to make 
the University a beacon Hght of knowledge. 

As Dr. Thomas Fell stated in his address of that evening, 
this celebration and [mass meeting cem_ented the links' 
between St. John's College and the University of Mary- 
land, for through this affiliation the University of Mary- 
land at once became the heir to the history of St. John's 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 63 

College and could extend its ancestry backwards not one 
hundred, but two hundred years. A great work had 
already been accomplished, although the Centennial Cele- 
bration was still over four months distant. The alumni 
felt that a spirit of harmony and unity pervaded the 
academic administration of the University. The State 
had recognized the renown and the services of this Uni- 
versity by granting it the largest legislative appropriation 
that had been made in a century. Endowments had been 
guaranteed by the recent legacies of Dr. Wm. H. Crim and 
the late Mr. Joshua G. Harvey, the former president of 
the Western National Bank; and although these grants 
were not in hand, they gave promise of a substantial 
endowment in the future. 

So that the meeting was productive of the highest 
good. The public, the people of Maryland, and especially 
the alumni had been made familiar with the dawn of a 
new era in the history of this venerable institution. But 
over and above all this, between $7000 and 18000 was 
subscribed that very evening at the banquet board, con- 
cerning which noble effort we shall quote from the Balti- 
more Sun of January 23 : 

That they were really in earnest was shown by the fact that within 
a few minutes $5000 was subscribed with another $1000 conditional 
upon the subscription of a like amount during the evening. At a late 
hour there was no doubt that the money necessary to secure the last 
$1000 would be given, thus making a grand total of $7000. 

Those giving the first $5000 were: 

Mrs. John C. Hemmeler : . . $1,000 . 00 

Prof. John C. Hemmeter 500 . 00 

Prof. Randolph \\ inslow 500.00 

Prof. Samuel C. Chew 500.00 

Prof. R. Dorsey Coaie 500.00 

Prof. Charles W. Mitchell 500 . 00 

Prof. L. Earnest Neale 500 . 00 

Prof. Thomas A. Ashby 500. 00 

Prof. J. HolmesSmith 500.00 



# 



64 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Those pledging an additional $500 each, conditional upon the rais- 
ing of an additional $1000 were Professors Hemmeter and Winslow. 

"There is a tide in the affairs of man, 
Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune; 
Omitted, all the voyage of their life 
Is bound in shallows and in miseries." 





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THE CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE 

1. Honorable Judge Henry Stockbridge 

2. Henry P. Hynson, Phar.D. 

3. Nathan Winslow, B.A., M.D. 

4. Isaac H. Davis, M.D., D.D.S. 

5. Randolph Winslow, A.B., A.M., M.D. 

6. Thomas Fell, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D. 

7. Thomas A. Ashby, M.D. 

8. John C. Hemmeter, Ph.D., M.D., LL.D., President of the Centennial. 

9. T. O. Heatwole, M.D., D.D.S. 

10. G. Lane Taneyhill, A.M., M.D. 

11. John Prentiss Poe, LL.D. 

12. B. Merrill Hopkinson, A.M., M.D., D.D.S. 

13. Oregon Milton Dennis, LL.B. 

14. W. Calvin Chestnut, LL.B. 

15. R. Dorsey Coale, B.A., Phil.D. 

16. John T. King, M.D. 

17. David M. R. Culbreth, Phar.D., M.D. 

18. Edgar H. Gans, LL.B. 



THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CENTENNIAL 

COMMITTEE, THE PREPARATIONS AND 

EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE FIRST 

DAY OF THE CENTENNIAL 

CELEBRATION, THURSDAY, 

MAY 30. 

After the mass meeting of alumni on January 22, the 
authorities of the University through their appointed 
committees, as well as the Alumni Associations of the 
different departments in Baltimore, Philadelphia, Wash- 
ington, Pittsburg, Chicago, and other cities, held frequent 
meetings to prepare for the great academic festival. At 
all of the meetings of the Faculty of Law, Medicine, 
Dentistry, Pharmacy, and of the Faculty of Liberal Arts 
of St. John's College, the plans for the Centennial were 
discussed. All of these bodies had organized into a large 
Centennial Committee, of which Prof. John C. Hemmeter 
was the President, and Dr. B. Merrill Hopkinson was the 
permanent Secretary. 

The actual business in all the preparations was, how- 
ever, executed by the so-called Executive Committee, 
which was composed of the Regents Committee and the 
chairmen of all the other committees. This made a 
dehberating body of eighteen men, who met twice every 
month at the building of the Germania Club, 406-408 
West Fayette Street. The Regents in the meanwhile 
had more frequent meetings, their place of assembly being 
for the time the Hall of the Superior Court in the new 
Court Building, Fayette and Calvert Streets. 

The details of the main academic ceremonies on May 31 
were later on entrusted to a special committee, which was 



66 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

composed of the Chairman of the Centennial Committee, 
Prof. J. C. Hemmeter; Judge Henry B. Harlan, of the 
Department of Law; Prof. R. Dorsey Coale, Dean of the 
Faculty of Medicine ; Dr. Isaac S. Davis, of the Faculty of 
Dentistry; Prof. Chas. Caspari, Jr., Dean of the Faculty of 
Pharmacy; Prof. Thomas Fell, President of St. John's 
College. 

The decorations of the inside and outside of the build- 
ing was left to the supervision of the Centennial Com- 
mittee. When the date of the Centennial Celebration 
was five weeks off, weekly meetings were held, and during 
the final week there were daily meetings of the Executive 
Committee. 

The laudatory comments of the presidents and represent- 
atives of other universities attending the celebration 
concerning the precision and smoothness with which all 
of the various ceremonies and functions were transacted 
were singularly unanimous. All of the daily papers spoke 
of the systematic and well-organized manner in which 
the programmes of the four days of the celebration were 
executed. 

The Chairman of the Centennial Committee received 
letters and expressions of admiration and congratulation 
on the disciphne of the principal academic ceremonies from 
such men as Dr. Daniel C. Oilman, the First President of 
the Johns Hopkins University; Dr. Samuel J. Meltzer, 
Director of the Rockefeller Institute, New York; Prof. Wil- 
liam T. Councilman, of Harvard University; Prof. William 
H. Welch, Baltimore; and President G. Stanley Hall, of 
Clark University, Worcester, Mass. There were many 
more personal and written testimonials commenting in a 
very favorable manner upon the regularity in which the 
various features of the Centennial took place. This fact 
deserves emphatic mention because it speaks of the 
indefatigable perseverance and industry of all the mem- 







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UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 67 

bers of the Centennial Committee, and of the sustained 
loyalty of the Alumni to their Alma Mater. 

When the first day of the Centennial approached, so 
thoroughly had every thing been prepared and so well 
drilled was every one in the particulars of the duties 
assigned to him, that no one connected with the various 
administrative bodies of the University felt the slightest 
apprehension of the complete success of this undertaking, 
nor was there any disappointment in this expectation; 
for every detail of all the programmes was carried out to 
the letter. 

It was no small undertaking. Here was a celebration 
of four days' duration, to be carried out in two different 
cities, Baltimore and AnnapoUs, and programmes to be 
executed sometimes in two buildings on the same day. 
Thousands of visiting alumni were to be welcomed and 
accommodated. The visiting representatives of many 
other universities had to be officially received, and the 
greetings from many American and foreign universities 
had to be read and acknowledged. Arrangements for 
the conferring of over two hundred and thirty regular 
degrees and thirty-four honorary degrees had to be made. 
A great academic banquet was to be held in the large 
Auditorium of the Lyric (Music Hall), at which there were 
to be toasts by the representative men of the State. Part 
of the programme included an excursion by boat as well 
as by train to Annapolis, where a bronze shield com- 
memorating the affiliation of the University of Maryland 
with St. John's College, of Annapohs, was to be presented 
in the name of the Regents of the University. 

In March, 1907, eight thousand engraved invitations 
were sent out to all of the alumni who as far as could be 
ascertained were still living in the United States, Canada, 
Mexico and other foreign countries. The same invitations 
were sent to every American university and college con- 



68 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

ferring degrees; also to all universities in foreign countries. 
This was quite an undertaking in itself, and required a 
committee with linguistic versatility. The invitation, 
which was enclosed in two strong envelopes, a copy of 
which can be seen in the following, bore the official 
seal of the University, " Sigillum Academice Terrce Mar ice 
MDCCCVII.'' It contained a special engraved card 
requesting a reply to Prof. John Prentiss Poe, LL.D., 
University of Maryland. In the same envelope was 
contained an eight-page programme (9 x 14 cm.) which 
was fastened with a silk cord of maroon and black, the 
official colors of this University. The first page bore the 
seal of the University, and the second page the dates 1807 
and 1907, with the University Motto, "Omnia Autem 
Probate Quod Bonum est Tenete.'' The programme fol- 
lows: 



1807 1907 

"Omnia probate — Bonum tenete" 

SYNOPSIS OP CEREMONIES 

COMMEMORATING 
THE 100th ANNIVERSARY 

OP THE 
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 
BALTIMORE, MD. 
THURSDAY, MAY 30 
TO SUNDAY, JUNE 2 INCLUSIVE, 1907. 

THURSDAY, MAY 30. 

11.00 A.M. Reception of Representatives from other Universities, invited 
guests, visiting Alumni and Candidates for regular degrees. 
University Campus: Lombard and Greene streets. 
12.00 M. Luncheon — Nurses' Parlor, University Hospital. 
Afternoon. Inspection of Buildings, Hospital and Laboratories. 
Evening. Class Dinners, Reunions, Collations. Details to be announced later 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 69 

FRIDAY, MAY 31. 

10:00 A.M. Academic Ceremonies. The Lyric. Address by Professor Francis 
Landey Patton, D.D., LL.D., etc., President of the Theological Seminary of 
and Ex-President of Princeton University. 

Address by Professor G. Stanley Hall, M.A., Phil.D., LL.D., etc.. President 
of Clark University. 

Conferring of Regular Degrees, 
(a) Academic 
(6) Medicine 

(c) Law 

(d) Dentistry 

(e) Pharmacy 

Conferring of Honorary Degrees. 

The Regents, Faculties, Invited Guests, Alumni, Candidates for regular 
Degrees will assemble in the smaller hall of the Lyric, facing Mt. Royal Ave., 
second floor. 

The Undergraduates will assemble as follows: 

Medical and Dental — in the waiting room to the right of the lobby. 

Law, Pharmacy and Academic in the waiting room to the left of the lobby 
on the ground floor. 
Academic Costume for all Participants. 
7:00 P.M. Academic Banquet. The Lyric. Subscriptions, five dollars ($5.00), 
to be mailed to G. Lane Taneyhill, M.D., Chairman Banquet Committee, 1103 
Madison Ave., Baltimore, Md. 
Details of addresses, orchestral and choral music to be announced later, 

SATURDAY, JUNE 1. 

Reception and Concert on the Campus of St. John's College, Annapolis 
(the Academic Department of the University of Maryland). 

The Steamer Latrobe will leave Baltimore 12 M. Luncheon on board dur- 
ing the trip. 
8:00 P.M. Students' evening at Electric Park, Belvedere, near Park Heights Ave. 

SUNDAY, JUNE 2. 

Mount Vernon M.E. Church, Mount Vernon Place, 11 A.M., Baccalaureate 
Sermon by Rt. Rev. Luther B. Wilson, M.D., D.D. (Alumnus School of Medicine, 
University of Maryland, 1877). 

The Regents, Faculties and Invited Guests, Alumni, including the graduates of 
May 31st, as well as the undergraduates of all departments, will assemble in the 
Lecture Room of the Mount Vernon M. E. Church at 10.30 A.M. 

Academic Costume. 

COMMITTEE OF REGENTS. 

John C. Hemmeter, M.D., Phil.D., LL.D., Chairman, 
W. Calvin Chestnut, LL.B. Edgar H. Gans, LL.B. 

John P. Poe, LL.D. R. Dorsey Coale, Ph.D. 

Chas. W. Mitchell, M.A., M.D. David M.R. Culbreth, A.M., Ph.G., M.D. 



70 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

CHAIRMEN OF COMMITTEES. 

Honorary Degrees John P. Poe, LL.D 

Endowment John C. Hemmeter, M.D., Phil.D., LL.D 

Finance Thos. A. Ashby, M.D 

Music B. Merrill Hopkinson, M.D 

Programmes, Printing, Invitations, etc J. L. V. Murphy, LL.B 

Press and Publication Oregon M. Dennis, LL.B 

Reception T. O. Heatwole, M.D., D.D.S 

Banquet G. Lane Taneyhill, M.D 

Orators W. Calvin Chestnut, LL.B 

Academic Costume Thomas Fell, A.M., Ph.D., LL.D 

Hospitality Nathan Winslow, B.A., M.D 

Ladies' Reception and Entertaiment Mrs. Samuel C. Chew 

OPENING DAY OF THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRA- 
TION, THURSDAY, MAY 30, 1907. 

Freudig begriissen wir die edle Halle 

Wo Kunst und Frieden immer nur verweil 

Wo lange noch der Ruf erschalle 
" Academios Terroe Marioe," Heil 

{Modification of chorus of Knights, from Second Act of Tannhduser.) 

program of university of MARYLAND 

Centennial Celebration 

For Thursday, May 30, and Saturday, June 1, 1907 
{For Friday's and Sunday's Exercises see Special Program) 

Thursday, May 30, 11 A.M. 

ANATOMICAL HALL. 

1. Overture (William Tell) Rossini 

Orchestra 

2. Invocation Rev. John Timothy Stone 

3. Official Announcements Prof. John C. Hemmeter, Phil.D., M.D., etc. 

4. Largo Handel 

Orchestra 

5. Address of Welcome J. Harry Tregoe, Esq. 

6. Intermezzo (Cavalleria Rusticana) Mascagni 

Orchestra 

7. Address Prop. Samuel C. Chew, M.D. 

8. Benediction 

9. March Berlioz 



71 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 

Orchestra 

LUNCHEON AT HOSPITAL 

Inspection of Buildings, Hospital, Laboratories, Libraries, Lecture Halls, etc. 

Glorious and bright was the day. A golden sunshine 
illumined the stately and venerable medical building, 
draped with green festoons and decorated with many flags 
of the Nation and State. A colossal shield representing the 
seal of the University had been placed over the center of 
the eight great Ionic columns that support the roof of this 
classical building. A pleasant cool breeze kept the flags, 
buntings and festoons in continual slight agitation. 

The following is an account taken from the Baltimore 
Sun of May 31, 1907, giving a graphic description of the 
scene on the campus on the opening day. The Sun on 
that day had an account of four entire columns including 
a reproduction of the outside of the old building, which 
was constructed after the style of the Pantheon at Rome. 

HOMAGE TO ALMA MATER. 
Old Students Gather Again at Maryland University. 

LIKE FAMILY BIRTHDAY PARTY. 

Congratulations from Universities the World Over Announced at 
Opening Meeting of Centennial. 



Saluted by the greatest educational institutions in the world, 
honored by the presence of prominent educators and embraced again 
for a four days' course of affectionate homage by hundreds of the men 
who have gone out into the world and added to its luster, the Univer- 
sity of Maryland began the celebration of its Centennial yesterday. 

It was the most glorious day in all its history. The faculty, the 
thousands of alumni, the students and the thousands of Baltimoreans 
and Marylanders who cherish the institution among the most vener- 
able in the State had cause to rejoice at the worthy beginning of the 



72 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

celebration. After all, though, it was only the beginning of the big 
birthday party, which will continue today, tomorrow and Sunday. 

In forming the big family gathering assembled to do honor to the 
alma mater the sons of the institution have not only come from great 
distances, but they have brought greetings and recollections from a 
lapse of time that covers half of its one hundred years of history. If 
all the old fellows could be placed in a row, and one after another 
given a chance to tell some incident of the throbbingly interesting 
history of the old school the tale would go on and on almost without 
end. 

But the story is to be told more formally and the first chapter of 
it was given in the morning at the opening exercises in the anatomical 
hall. 

OLD DAYS ON CAMPUS RECALLED. 

An hour before 11 a. m., the time set for the exercises, the campus 
was crowded. There the first handshake, which is one of the pleasures 
that the old graduates value more perhaps that all the other cere- 
monies of the reunion, occurred. The bright warm sun made it seem 
just Uke the day years ago — few or many, according to the color of 
the whiskers of the handshakers — when they took their last grip 
before rushing off to see what kind of a living they could make with 
their degree. 

There was a reception committee to make all the visitors feel at 
home, but no committee was needed for that. On the campus every- 
thing looked just like it did so many years ago that no one who had 
tramped across it for three years could feel otherwise than at home. 
There was such a din and turmoil and jollification that the bell 
signahng the opening of the exercises in the large sky-Ut Anatomical 
Hall was not heard by the throng that filled the corridors, library and 
Dean's office. Suddenly, however, the Brass Chorus of Itzel's Grand 
Orchestra sounded the fanfare from Beethoven's Leonore Overture 
No. 2 from the top of the stair case, and during several repetitions of 
this inspiring music the Alumni and guests thronged into the great 
hall, which was also handsomely decorated by festoons of green oak 
leaves and buntings. A grand orchestra was seated in the upper- 
most tier of the hall. The regents and professors of the University 
occupied the seats in the rear of the Lecturer's circle All were bid 
to enter the old hall, many fingered just long enough to be left behind. 
The hall could not hold them all, so those who could not squeeze in 
continued their chatting while the exercises were in progress. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 73 

Prof. John C. Hemmeter presided, and after the fanfare music 
subsided called on Rev. John Timothy Stone for prayer. The prayer, 
dehvered fervently by Dr. Stone, seemed to give a worshipful tone 
to the gathering. 

THE CEREMONIES OF THURSDAY MAY 30, IN 
THE OLD UNIVERSITY BUILDING. 

"Sound, sound the clarion; fill the fife; 
To all the sensual world proclaim, 
One crowded hour of glorious life 
Is worth an age without a name." 

—Sir Walter Scott. 

Before the great audience had even calmed down, the 
grand orchestra under the direction of Prof. John Itzel 
began R^ossini's magnificent Overture to WiUiam Teh. 
The outburst of the brass instruments towards the latter 
part of this overture eventually overcame the din made 
by the assembly and by hundreds who were standing out- 
side in the corridors having found it impossible to gain 
entrance into the hall. Prof. John C. Hemmeter, Chair- 
man of the Committee of Regents, presided, and after 
the overture introduced Rev. Dr. John Timothy Stone, 
the Pastor of Brown Memorial Presbyterian Church, 
at the same time requesting the audience to rise. Doctor 
Stone delivered an inspiring invocation, the principal sen- 
timents of which were evolved from Psalm CXI, verse 10, 
" The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom. A 
good understanding have all they who do His command- 
ments. His praise endureth forever." 

The audience having resumed their seats after the 
prayer. Professor Hemmeter dehvered the official an- 
nouncements which embodied a brief address of welcome 
and the reading and acknowledgment of official academic 
greetings received from universities and colleges from all 
parts of the United States and Canada, and from the 
universities of Germany, England, France, Austria, Russia, 



74 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Spain, Portugal, Italy, Sweden and Denmark, Australia, 
Japan, Switzerland, a detailed list of which is given 
below. 

In welcoming the alumni, academic delegates and the 
attending ladies and gentlemen. Professor Hemmeter 
said. 

" On this day of honor to this ancient university, on this 
day so full of memories of the past, so full of hopes for 
the future; on this day when God's bright and glorious 
sun, upon whose rays and warmth all life depends, sends 
us propitious greeting to the opening of our centenary 
festivities; on this day let us cast aside that reserve and 
conservatism with which the modern so-called cultured 
human being incases his soul. 

Fellow-alumni and friends, the Regents of this Univer- 
sity have deigned to select me as their impotent mouth- 
piece, and thereby — as my present emotions convince me 
— have imposed a task which I am quite incapable of 
performing. These regents, professors and teachers ex- 
tend to you a most cordial greeting' and say: ' 'Brother 
and sister, be welcome — ^heartily welcome — at the hearth 
of our Alma Mater." 

A large number of universities and colleges of this and 
other countries were represented by personal delegates, 
a partial list of which is herewith presented : 

UNIVERSITY REPRESENTATIVES. 

Cambridge (England) — Mr. H. H. Patterson. 

Edinburgh (Scotland) — Dr. Thomas L. Shearer. 

Harvard University — Dr. William S. Thayer. 

Yale University — Prof. William Carmalt. 

University of Pennsylvania — Vice Prevost Edgar F. Smith. 

Columbia University — Dean James E. Russell. 

Brown University — Mr. J. Harry Tyler. 

Washington College (Maryland) — President James Cain. 

Georgetown University — Mr. Harry E. Mann. 

Wilhams College — ^Prof . E. H. Griffin, Dean of Johns Hopkins University. 

University of North Carohna — Dr. R. H. Johnston. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 75 

University of Berlin (Germany) — Prof. C. A. Ewald. 

Amherst College — Rev. Arthur Chilton Powell. 

George Washington University — President Charles W. Needham. 

Philadelphia College of Pharmacy — Prof. Joseph P. Remington. 

Dickinson College — Mr. George R. Willis. 

Indiana University — -Dr. Barton N. Everman. 

Western Reserve— Mr. William H. Baldwin. 

Toronto (Canada) — President Maurice Hutton and Dr. R. A. Reeve, President 

of the British Medical Association. 
New York University — Prof. Frederick Wilkens. 
University of Michigan — Dr. John J. Abel. 
Mount Holyoke College — Miss Jean D. Cole. 
Queen's University (Canada) — Dr. A. L. Clark. 
Ohio Wesleyan — President W. P. Thirkield. 
Bucknell University — President Harris. 
Rock Hill College — Mr. J. Fred Conrad, Jr. 
Maryland Agricultural College — President R. W. Silvester. 
Lehigh— Prof. Wilham C. Thayer. 
Howard Univeisity — President W. P. Thirkield. 
Unversity of Illinois — President Edmund C. Jones. 
Johns Hopkins University — President Ira Remsen. 
Woman's College of Baltimore — Prof. W. H. Maltbie. 
University of Chicago — President Jordan. 
Harvard Medical School — Prof. H. C. Ernst. 
Johns Hopkins Medical School — Dr. J. Whitridge Williams. 
Purdue University, Edw. G. Maline 
Baltimore City College — Prof. F. A. Soper. 
McDonogh Institute — Prof. A. M. Isanogle. 
Maryland State Normal School — Pres. G. W. Ward. 
Theological Seminary, Auburn N. Y. — Pres. G. B. Stewart. 
University of Pennsylvania — Dr. Alex. C. Abbott. 
Clark University, Mass. — Pres. G. Stanley Hall. 
Princeton University — Pres. Francis L. Patton. 
Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, N. Y. — Dr. Simon Flexner, and Dr. 

Samuel James Meltzer. 
U. S. Marine Hospital Service — Genl. Walter Wyman (Supervising Surgeon 

General). 
Michigan University — J. O. Schlotterbeck. 
Bates College — President Geo. Colby Chase. 
Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Mass. — President Augler. 

Next followed an announcement of all the universities 
that were represented not by personal representatives, 
but by academic greetings that had been received in 
response to the invitation. Many of these documents 
were beautifully engrossed and all of them bore the official 
seal of the university which they represented. Of such 



76 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

priceless value are these messages that the Regents have 
ordered them to be preserved, bound in a specially de- 
signed huge volume, each academic greeting accompanied 
by a special legend describing the message they convey 
and the name of the university sending them. 

This volume of compiled academic greetings has been 
ordered to be kept in safe deposit. 

Many hundreds of individual greetings by scholars the 
world over were also read by Prof. J. C. Hemmeter on this 
occasion. We regret that only a partial list of these per- 
sonal letters can be offered. The subjoined is a tabula- 
tion of the academic greetings as received by the Regents 
of the University and announced on this occasion. It is 
needless to say that all of these greetings were answered 
by an official engrossed letter ordered by the Regents of 
the University of Maryland, and mailed to every Univer- 
sity in the subjoined list by Prof. John P. Poe, LL.D. 

ACADEMIC GREETINGS. 

The Wistar Insitute of Anatomy, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Magdalen College — Oxford, England. 

General Theological Seminary — New York. 

Columbia University — New York. 

Baylor College — ^Waco, Texas. 

Whitman College — Walla Walla, Wash. 

Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Mass. 

Adolph College, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa. 

Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Haverford College. 

The University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. 

College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. 

University of Colorado, Boulder, Col. 

Kentucky School of Medicine, Louisville, Ky. 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass. 

University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt. 

Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa. 

University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, O. 

Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, O. 

Pennsylvania State College, Pennsylvania. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 77 

Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. 

Pittsburg College of Pharmacy, Pittsburg, Pa. 

University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 

Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, Hampton, Va. 

Leland Stanford University, California. 

Mt. Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass. 

University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. 

University of Missouri,^ Columbia, Mo. 

Universidad De La Habana, Cuba. 

Syracuse University, New York. 

Dartmouth College, Hanover, Pa. 

Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. 

Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass. 

Muhlenburg College, AUentown, Pa. 

Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me. 

Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge, Mass. 

New York University, New York. 

Mt. Vernon Seminary, Washington, D. C. 

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. 

New Hampshire College, Durham, N. H. 

University of Dublin, Ireland. 

University of London, England. 

Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn. 

Lebanon Valley College, Anville, Pa. 

Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga. 

Peabody Conservatory of Music, Baltimore, Md. 

Wesley an University, Middletown, Ct. 

State Normal School, Frostburg, Md. 

New York Polytechnic Institute, New York. 

Theological Seminary, Auburn, N. Y. 

Bucknell College, Lewisburg, Pa. 

Teacher's College, Columbia University, New York. 

Die Grossherzogl. & Herzogl. Sachsische Gesammt-Universitat, Jena, Sachsen- 

Weimar 
Universite de Lausanne, Lausanne, Schweiz. 
L'Universite de Freibourg, Freibourg, Switzerland. 
Academie de Dijon, Universite de France, Dijon, France. 
Prof. Adolf Schmidt, University of Halle, Germany. 
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Holland. 
Kgl. Kais. Franz Josefs Univer., Wien-Austria. 
Konighche Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany. 
Konigl. Bairisch Universitat Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria. 
Pharmakologisches Institut der Universitat, Strassburg, Prof. Edwin Faust. 
University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan. 
Universite de Lyon, Lyon, France. 
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Universite de Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland. 
Universitatis Salut Leopolitanae, Lemberg, Austria. 
Universitat Heidelberg, Heidelberg. 



78 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Rector und Senat der K. Julius Maximilians Univ., Wiirzburg. 

Rector und Senat der Riiks Universiteit, Gronigen, Holland. 

Academia Ludoviciana Universitat zu, Giessen, Hessen, Germany. 

Gesellschaft fiir Innere Medizin U. Kinderheilkunde, Wien. 

Senate of the University of Leiden, Prof. W. Nolen, Leiden, Holland. 

University of Madras, Chancellor Hon. Arthur Lawley, Ootacamund, India. 

Universite de Lille, Lille, France. 

Universitat Bern, Bern, Schweiz. 

Magdalen College, Oxford. 

Union Theological Seminary, 

University of Edinburg, Edinburg. 

University of Chicago, Chicago. 

North Carohna Medical College, Charlotte, N. C. 

Columbia University, Medical Dept., New York. 

Amherst College, Amherst, Mass. 

Ohio Wesleyan University, Ohio. 

University of London, South Kensington. 

University of Tokyo, Japan. 

University of Kiel, Prussia. 

Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium. 

Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, 111. 

Boston University, Brest. Hunting, Boston, Mass. 

Queen's College, Belfast, Ireland. 

Polytechnic Institute, Brooklyn, New York. 

University of Utrecht, Rector Julius, Holland. 

Konigl. Kais. Universitat zu Innsbruck, Austria. 

Universitat Zurich, Dr. Kitzig Heiner, Switzerland. 

Illinois College, Jacksonville, 111. 

Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa. 

McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago, 111. 

University of Cahfornia, Berkeley, Cal. 

Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa. 

Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 

KonigHche Friedrich Wilhelms, Universitat zu Beriin, Germany. 

Universita di Pisa, Pisa, Italy. 

Victoria University of Manchester, Manchester, England. 

University of Liverpool, Liverpool. 

Tulane University of Louisiana, New Orleans, La. 

University of Leeds, Leeds, England. 

University d'Aix Marseille, Aix-en-Provence, France. 

Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. 

University of London, Chancellor, South Kensington, Eng. 

Academie de Montpelher, Montpellier, France. 

Cooper Medical College, San Francisco, Cal. 

University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 

University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. 

Georg-August Universitat, Gottingen, Germany. 

Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Insitute, Tuskegee, Alabama. 

Ohio Medical University, Columbus, Ohio. 



UNIVERSITY OP MARYLAND 79 

Universitat Freiburg, I. Breisgau, Freiburg, Germany. 

Kyoto Imperial University, Kyoto, Japan. 

University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 

University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 

University of Leipzig, Academic Senate, Prof. Dr. Curschmann. 

University of Bonn, Germany. 

New York University, Prof. Frederick Wilkens, New York. 

Medical Faculty of the Imperial Austrian University, Vienna. 

University of Upsala, Upsala, Sweden. 

Imperial Russian University of Charkow, Charkow, Russia. 

Imperial University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia. 

Imperial Japanese University of Tokyo, Tokio. 

University of Padua, Padua, Italy. 

University of Paris, Prof. Georges Hayem, Paris, France. 

Prof. Emeritus Md. Col. Pharmacy, Dr. W. Simon. 

Franzens Universitat, Rektor der K. K. Kar, Graz, Austria. 

Chanc. Univ. of Montreal, Lord Strathcona and Mt. Royal, Canada. 

Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Prest. Engler, Worcester, Mass. 

K. Ludwig, Maximilians Universitat, Miinchen, Germany. 

University of Miinster, Rector Prof. W. T. Konig, Munster, I. Westfalen, Prussia. 

Tuft's College, Dr. Fred Hamilton, Mass. 

Universiteit Leiden, Prof. Dr. W. Einthoven, Holland. 

J. W. Warren, Boston, Mass. 

Smith College, Prest. C. C. Seelye, Northampton, Mass. 

Ripon College, Richard C. Hughes, Ripon, Wis. 

Hartford Theo. Seminary, Edwin Knox Mitchell, Hartford, Conn. 

University of Leiden, Prof. A. W. Nieuwenhuis, Leiden, Netherlands. 

University of Leiden, Prof. E. C. Van Leersum, Leiden, Holland. 

Dr. John F. Armentrout, Staunton, Va. 

Vanderbilt University, J. H. Kirkland, Nashville, Tenn. 

Dr. C. L. Furman, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Benj. I. Cohen, Portland, Ore. 

Dr. R. W. Fisher, Morgantown, W. Va. 

Prof. Abraham Jacobi, New York. 

Bishop of Delaware, Wilmington, Del. 

University of Padua, Dr. Polacco, the Rector, Padua, Italy. 

Geheimer Rath Prof. Dr. C. A. Ewald, University of BerHn. 

Der Rector Geh. Rath Prof. Dr. Grafe, University of Bonn. 

Dr. Ludwig Aldor, Budapest. 

Prof. W. D. HaUiburton, Kings College, England. 

Prof. E. von Leyden, University of Berlin, Berlin. 

Prof. Nicholas Senn, Rush Medical College, University of Chicago. 

One of the, most gratifying features of this announce- 
ment was the unexpected arrival, just before the meet- 
ing of this day, of a number of cablegrams from univer- 
sities, which although they had sent an academic greeting 



80 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

by mail claimed the honor of emphasizing their congrat- 
ulation by a special telegraphic message received on the 
very opening day of the Centennial festivities. Thus the 
University of Charkow, Russia, cabled, "Hail to the Univer- 
sity of Maryland. May her future he replete with blessings.'^ 
The Imperial Japanese University at Tokyo cabled, 
"Heartiest congratulations of the authorities and faculties 
of the University of Tokyo.^' For lack of space it is imprac- 
ticable to reproduce all of the telegraphic greetings, but 
we cannot refrain from giving one of the most eloquent 
and impressive sentiments received by cable. It was from 
the Imperial University of St. Petersburg, and read as 
follows : " The Imperial University of St. Petersburg sends 
her illustrious trans-Atlantic sister homage and greeting in 
the name of Science, which overbridges oceans and binds 
nations together in one great brotherhood.'' Signed "The 
Rector Magnificus v. Borgman." 

Prof. Henry Kraemer, of the Philadelphia College of 
Pharmacy, presented and read in person a beautifully 
engrossed address from the faculty of his institution, 
and Mr. Harry E. Mann, of Georgetown University, 
Washington, presented and read a greeting engrossed in an 
admirable manner in the name of the faculty of his insti- 
tution. Both of these greetings are reproduced in the 
following text. 

To the Regents, Provost, Professors and Students of the 
University of Maryland, Greeting: 

It is memorable that among the Pilgrim Fathers to the 
Terra Marise, there was a college dean, and when six 
years after their arrival, in 1640, our oldest American 
University installed its first president, a project was 
formed for a similar institution in Maryland. Again in 
the auspicious year in which your arts and sciences saw 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 81 

the light, John Carroll was one of a committee of five to 
solicit funds for the sustenance of the tender infant cra- 
dled by the side of Severn. As the scions and inheritors 
of the aims, spirit and labor of White, Carroll, the Faculty 
of Georgetown University, a Maryland foundation, may 
lay claim to more than distant kinship and press forward 
eagerly and joyously to offer their Centennial tribute. 
Without own secular laurels, we come to crown the Genius 
of your University, to decorate the roll of your illustrious 
names and weave the garland of eulogy around your 
achievements in the sunlit realms of knowledge and hu- 
manity. We tender you our felicitations with all the 
pride and affection of kin and the warm cordiality of col- 
leagues. And as from this summit of a centur}^, we sur- 
vey the fair world of your success, with you we lift our 
heads higher to recognize with grateful hearts the Infinite 
Mind, from whose luminous energies they have ema- 
nated, and gladly join you in the refrain appropriated from 
the great seal of your State : Domine, Scuto Bonae Volun- 
tatis Tuae Coronasti Nos. 

With our congratulations we link our warmest wishes 
for the centuries to follow; as colleagues and brothers 
shall we be allowed to tender them somewhat in particu- 
lar? Whilst the light of learning so admirably diffused 
lies pleasantly on the retrospect, a brighter, more inspir- 
ing sun shines on our prospect. Another age of the uni- 
versities even greater than that which saw Europe rear 
her temples of thought, has been ushered in by intellectual 
aspiration sustained by m.aterial millions. From the 
minds and methods established in these halls, the nation 
expects the progress of the world. Hence the necessity of 
investing ourselves with corporate authority for true 
wisdom and sound knowledge in theory and practice. 
The lecturer, the publicist, the experimentalist m.ay sway 
the volatile crowd with his individual opinion, but the con- 



82 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

servative men of reflection who are the stamina of the 
time and race will be led by the reliable academic staff 
alone. Credited with the responsibility for the utter- 
ances of its professors and mindful of this trust with 
vigilant fidehty, the University will prove an infalHble 
and incorruptible oracle of truth and action. 

Upon the tide of admiration for knowledge advancing 
from our schools, libraries, periodicals, our profession is 
exalted; and the respect which the great university pro- 
fessor commands among his students enables him to be 
a legislator for the virtues of the man and citizen. The 
new era needs a reinforcement of discipUne; it clamors 
for conscience as well as cognition; a moral power must 
mold the ductile will. It will enhance the brilHancy of the 
lecture, if it sparkle with some gem |or morality first 
admired and afterwards worn on the white bosom of the 
class in principles of truth, justice, charity, self-control, 
industry. In the light of the solemn day, the student 
of the next century, as he pauses to examine the past, will 
admit that his predecessor may perhaps have unduly 
magnified social and athletic claims; that the vision of 
etheral truth and beauty by the midnight lamp is nobler 
than the revel of the wee sma' hours, and that physical 
grace can be developed with less expenditure of brain and 
time. Will he not also grow to be mature enough to 
grapple with the multiplying and perplexing social and 
poHtical problems that men of education often unwisely 
and undutifully abandon to be solved by ignorance and 
corruption? The well-trained discipline of the univer- 
sity ought to become the public-spirited preceptor of the 
classes that are numerically the nation. 

Colleagues, brothers, as we stand in the joyous morning 
hght of the University's Centenary, this is an exchange of 
part of our cordial wishes. May these together with the 
greater — of organic growth more than conterminous with 



UNIVERSITY OP MARYLAND 83 

the State, of shining magnitude in the American galaxy 
of sciences, of perpetuation which will reckon this proud 
century as but a year of infancy, the crown and jubilation 
of the loyal hearts that ever throb for the glory of Maryland 
— be realized beyond the ken and compass of our present 
anticipations. A golden voice with a mission to ring clear 
through our American cycles, shall pronounce for us a 
benediction. At the close of a letter to a sister college 
of Maryland, Washington, who adds to his many titles, 
that of patron and advocate of education, impressing the 
seal of religion on his fervent wishes for prosperous devel- 
opment, says: ''I sincerely pray that the great Author of 
the Universe may smile upon the institution and make it 
an extensive blessing to this country." 

David Hillhouse Buel, S. J. 

President. 

Georgetown University, Washington, May 27 , 1907 . 

ADDRESS TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 

FROM THE PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF 

PHARMACY. 

The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy extends to the 
University of Maryland most cordial greetings on the 
occasion of your centenary celebration, and we desire 
to express our best wishes for your future welfare and 
advancement. 

We are indebted to your city for our noble Proctor, 
who for so long helped to guide the destiny of the Phila- 
delphia College of Pharmacy, and who through his magna- 
nimity maintained such cordial relations with those at 
the helm in the Maryland College of Pharmacy, now an 
integral part of your honored University. 

It, therefore, affords us more than usual pleasure to 



84 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

join with you in celebrating your Centenary, bound as we 
are by strong ties of friendship and mutual interest. 

Signed and sealed on behalf of the Philadelphia College 
of Pharmacy this thirtieth day of May, 1907. 

Attest: Howard B. French, President. 

C. A. Weidemann, Secretary. 

After Prof. Henry Kraemer and Mr. Mann had read 
their addresses and withdrawn from the speaker's desk, 
Prof. J. C. Hemmeter again rose and facing these two 
academic delegates replied as follows : 

"Professor Kraemer, and Mr. Mann, Gentlemen: In 
the name of the Regents of the University of Maryland, it 
becomes my duty to express to you the great pleasure 
and honor which you personally, and the distinguished 
institutions which you represent, have conferred upon this 
University by your presence and by the presentation of 
these greetings so expressive of the loftiest sentiments 
that actuate university men throughout our country. 
Well may the teachers of the University of Maryland feel 
convinced in reflecting upon these greetings and expres- 
sions of esteem, that their labors have not been in vain; 
" That their work has been as bread cast upon waters/' 
and it is no mean reward of their endeavors for them to 
be blest with the joys of this hour, and to live to see the 
day of honor of the University of Maryland. I believe 
I am expressing the wishes of the Regents when I thank 
you most cordially for your splendid gift and the sentiment 
you have expressed, and assure you that these documents 
will be placed among the most highly cherished in the 
library of this University." 

At the conclusion of the reading of the academic greet- 
ings, dispatches and cablegrams, the audience enjoyed 
the rendition of Handel's Largo by the Grand Orchestra. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 85 

Immediately after this the Chairman introduced Mr. 
J. Harry Tregoe, who gave the following address of 
welcome : 

Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: 

I am called upon to fill the difficult position of substitute 
for one whose absence we all feel with the very deepest 

regret. 

The request to fill this position came without instruc- 
tions except one, and that to be brief. It is to me a 
matter of somxe surprise and no fittle wonderment that our 
professors constantly insist upon and exercise this virtue, 
brevity, in all things but their examinations. 

This call to serve as substitute for one so distinguished 
in the administration of our University reminds me of 
the story of the friend who called upon a recently bereaved 
widow, and said, "Mrs. Smith, I knew your husband very 
well, thought highly of him, and thought perhaps he left 
something of which he was very fond that I might have 
to remember him by," and through her tears she responded, 
"How will I do?" 

A memorable occasion in the fife of the University of 
Maryland has brought us together this morning; for it is 
no mean thing to have rounded out a century of good 
service, and to have a record filled with useful deeds. 

If these walls had only tongues to speak, how many 
stories they could tell of the student life. The many 
pranks, the many ambitious resolutions, the many dis- 
appointments, and the many hopes fulfilled; the many 
who have gone out with reverence for their Alma Mater 
to write their names high in prof essional achievements and 
to reflect great credit upon their Academic Mother; the 
many who have done their work well and have passed on 
into the eternal future, the many who are still laboring 
with sincere devotion and high purposes. 



86 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

It is our good fortune to partake of the Centennial 
Celebration, to greet those with whom we labored in the 
study halls, and to salute again the Faculty who led us 
through the devious ways of our professions. 

Let us say "All Hail" to Old Maryland; may she con- 
tinue her work of service in the educational hfe of our 
State, and may she always be true to the highest virtues 
of the professional training. 

Let us make the occasion one of great happiness, of 
splendid fellowship, of sincere reverence; and now to 
you who have gathered to testify your regard and to do 
homage to this century-tried and honorable institution, in 
the name of the Faculty and committees I bid you a hearty 
welcome. 

When Mr. Tregoe had resumed his seat, the orchestra 
gave a splendid rendition of the famous intermezzo from 
Mascagni's opera Cavalleria Rusticana. Then Prof. J. 
C. Hemmeter introduced the President of the Faculty of 
Medicine, Prof. Samuel C. Chew. 



ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE OPENING OF 

THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF THE 

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, 

MAY 30, 1907. 

By Samuel C. Chew, M.D. 

Professor of the Practice of Medicine in the University 

of Maryland. 

Mr. President, Gentlemen of the Board of Regents of the 
University, and of the several Faculties: 

My Fellow Alumni: — Eight years ago the pleasant 
duty was assigned to me of addressing many members of 
the medical profession on the occasion of the Centennial 
Anniversary of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of 
Maryland, an institution which antedated in its founda- 
tion that of the University of Maryland by just that 
period the lapse of which has brought us to the Centennial 
birthday of our Alma Mater. Today I am here to offer, 
on behalf of the Faculty of Physic of the University a 
salutation and a most cordial welcome not only to members 
of my own profession, but also to the other Faculties, the 
other teachers and the Alumni of the several schools which 
now constitute this University, and to all our invited 
guests of every calhng who, by their presence here, are 
kindly showing theirj interest in our celebration and are 
rejoicing with us in our joy. 

And now the thought which should perhaps most stir 
the hearts of all of us is not merely that our University 
has attained its one hundredth year, though that is a 
notable consideration; nor that its Department of Medi- 



THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 



cine has been in continuous and unceasing operation for 
a century, though that is a source of pride; nor that its 
Department of Law, after a period of suspended activity 
awakened thirtj^-seven years ago to full vigor and stren- 
uous work, and, pursuing its course of constantly increas- 
ing usefulness and reputation ever since, is known and 
honored throughout the broad domain of the profession 
of Law; nor again that in accordance with examples set 
by other Universities the Department of Medicine has 
added to itself Schools of Dentistry and Pharmacy; not 
by any one of these reflections are we so much stirred 
and enkindled to greater endeavors in the future as by the 
fact that through the amalgamation recently accomplished 
with St. John's College in Annapolis an Academic Depart- 
ment of Letters and Sciences has been added to the other 
schools, the keystone has been placed in the arch of her 
structure, and the University of Maryland is now and will 
be henceforth, we trust, a University not in name only, 
but in actual fact, and as such she starts upon the second 
century of her life and growth. Faustum sit felixque. 

And surely it is a reflection of deep interest that the 
time of this full development, of this assumption of all 
the characters and conditions of a University, should 
coincide with the beginning of the second century of 
the existence of the Institution. 

Will it be thought too great an indulgence of fancy if we 
hold that by the union with St. John's this University 
as a whole adds to its years those of the early history of 
the older institution? May we claim a foundation dating 
back into the 18th century, as that of St. John's actually 
does, for it was founded in the year 1784? Or, while we 
are giving rein to imagination, may we allow it still freer 
play and claim that through the evolution of St. John's 
from the earlier King William's School, which took its 
origin in 1696 in the reign of King WiUiam III, after whom 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND. 89 

it was named, our University has had a continuous Hfe 
to the present day from the 17th century, that great cen- 
tury which included a part of the "spacious times of 
great Ehzabeth/' and which witnessed the first establish- 
ment of Anglo-Saxon civilization on this continent, the 
commemoration of which is now being made at James- 
town? 

If, however, such claims be not allowed and we must 
content ourselves with a century, yet even the period of 
one hundred years is in this new world enough to impart 
the dignity of age to any institution. We cannot, indeed, 
vie in this regard with schools of the old world; with 
" those twins of learning, Ipswich and Oxford;" and who 
that has ever visited Oxford does not long to see again 

"That sweet city with her dreaming spires," 

which another and a greater poet praises as 

"So famous, 
So excellent in art and still so rising 
That Christendom shall ever speak her virtue," 

and to which our country is more closely than ever bound 
by the Rhodesian scholarships. 

We cannot vie with the five hundred and fifty years 
of Heidelberg of the Vaterland; or with the venerable 
University of Bologna, which was a seat of learning in 
the reign of Charlemagne and which has lately celebrated 
its thousandth birthday. 

We have, however, age enough to give that the lack of 
which was so sadly lamented by the guilty king in the 
great drama; we have 

"That which should accompany old age, 
As honor, love and troops of friends." 

But, better than any consideration of antiquity is this 
reflection, that now in the present time we find our Univer- 



90 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

sity striving to make the best use of such means as she 
possesses, striving to increase her resources and her facil- 
ities for teaching, strengthening whatever weak points 
she may have, taking the initiative, as time and again 
she has done, in estabhshing new departments of instruc- 
tion, and ever raising her standard of requirements 
higher and higher. 

With these things already accomplished and with the 
determination that greater things shall follow, we may 
find satisfaction in the thought, not only that we are not 
novi homines, but that we are bound with our Alma Mater 
to the traditions of an honorable past, and to the hopes 
and expectations of an honorable and greater future. 
What is wanted for the full realization of these hopes and 
expectations is an endowment worthy of the position which 
the University holds and has so long held among the 
educational institutions of this country, an endowment 
not sparsely or with a niggardly hand bestowed, but 
showered in abundant largesses upon the several schools 
and in proportion to their respective needs. If this 
University shall be dowered with even a moderate measure 
of such assistance in the way of endowments as comes to 
others, she will ask no points of any of them, but with 
better equipment thus obtained she will continue a gener- 
ous rivalry with all of ^them in the great cause of advanc- 
ing knowledge in every department of science, of Htera- 
ture and of philosophy. 

If with but httle assistance, with no private aid except 
such as has been afforded by her own Faculties, and no 
State endowment, so much has been accomphshed as this 
University has to show, what may not be hoped for and 
expected when this community is more thoroughly aroused 
to a sense of the importance of the work which the Univer- 
sity has been doing among themselves and their forefathers 
and predecessors for a hundred years? But a beginning 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 91 

has been made; light, which will brighten to the fullness 
of a better day, has been thrown upon the necessities 
which exist and upon the goodj that can be accomplished 
by adequately providing for them. 

My Friends and Fellow Alumni, the University of 
Maryland is entering upon the second century of its 
existence. Will you allow me a brief personal note? 

For the larger part of its first century I have been 
associated with it personally and by heredity. More than 
eighty years ago my father first entered its halls as a student 
of Medicine. Sixty-six years ago he was appointed to the 
chair of Materia Medica here, and afterwards succeeded 
to that of the Practice of Medicine, which I have myself 
occupied, however unworthily, for twenty-two years; and 
the time draws near when in the order of nature it must 
pass to a younger incumbent. 

With such associations in my mind and heart, you will 
pardon me for giving expression to a feehng of deep, 
sincere devotion to the interests and welfare of the Uni- 
versity of Maryland. 

I cannot expect myself to see more than only a little 
way — ^it may be a very httle way — into the course upon 
which with such aid as it deserves and which I fully beheve 
it will receive, it may advance in this opening century, 
but I rejoice to think that in all its departments of instruc- 
tion its fortunes will still be entrusted for a long time to 
come, as I fervently hope, to the care and guidance of 
my younger colleagues who, by their abihty, their knowl- 
edge, their energy and their zeal, will, with the blessing 
of Almighty God, bring to pass all that may be desired and 
hoped for in the future. 



92 



THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 



At the conclusion of Professor Chew's address, the Rever- 
end J. Burkard pronounced a benediction, the audience 
rising in their seats, and then the assemblage adjourned 
during the performance of the festival march by Hector 
Berhoz to attend the luncheon arranged by the Ladies 
Auxiliary Association of the University of Maryland 
Hospital. 

PARTIAL LLST OF NAMES OF GUESTS ATTEND- 
ING THE CELEBRATION. 

Owing to the crowding at the registration books in the 
Office of the Dean the follomng represents only an incom- 
plete list of those who registered at the University Office : 



Howard Osburn, Rippon, W. Va. 
Kyle M. Jariell, Clear Creek, W. Va. 
HenryE. Palmer, Tallahassee, Fla. 
S. R. Waters, Watersville, Md. 
Joseph R. Owens, Hyattsville, Md. 
E. P. Hall, Freemansburg, W. Va. 
Wm. H. Davis, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
H. E. Douglas, Ticonderoga,N. Y. 

E. Land, Virginia Beach, Va. 

F. D. WilHs, Newport News, Va. 
W. W. Hall, New York. 

W. L. Brent, Fredericksburg, Va. 
E. H. Brannon, Glenville, W. Va. 
N. F. Foote, Tupper Lake, N. Y. 
J. S. Horner, Hot Springs, Ark. 
Amin Fanous, Fayoum, Egypt. 
M. J. McKinnan, York, Pa. 
Z. C. Myers, York, Pa. 
Charles P. Noble, Philadelphia. 
Henry W. Fishell, Harrisburg, Pa. 
D. W. Shaffner, Enhant, Pa. 
J. R. Crockett, Burks Garden, Va. 
H. N. Pheneger, Philadelphia. 
S. K. Pfatzgroff, York, Pa. 
Alonzo A. Bemis, Spencer, Mass. 



Frank G. Wilson, Gastonia, N. C. 
Joseph N. Gardner, Riverdale, Md. 
W. R. McCain, Waschaw, N. C. 
W. I. Hill, Albemarle, N. C. 
M. F. Wright; Burlington, W. Va. 
C. P. Corrice, Cheery Hill, Md. 
Samuel Claggett, Peters ville, Md. 
C. H. Rogers, Newport, R. I. 
H. Ainsworth, Thomasville, Ga. 
Frank R. Rich, Pittsburg, Pa. 
S. W. Jones, Franklin, N. H. 
Ernest J. Jones, Norwich, Ct. 
W. B. Warthen, Barton, Ga. 
R. Kemp Jefferson, Federals- 
burg, Md. 
1. W. Jamison, Charlotte, N. C. 
Charles H. Diller, Detour, Md. 
C. Kurtz, Paterson, N. J. 
Thomas J. McGee, Allegheny, Pa. 
R. 0. Lyell, Warsaw, Va. 
H. B. Maxwell, Whiteville, N. C. 
W. P. King, Weston, W. Va. 
A. P. Shanklin, Towson, Md. 
H. H. Hartley, Pittsburg, Pa. 
W. C. McKeeby, S}Tacuse, N. Y. 



ITNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 



93 



Joseph A. Wright, Sharpstown, 
Md. 

F. H. Garverich, Harrisburg, Pa. 
L. W. Moyer, East Mauch Chunk, 

Pa. 

J. H. Bennett, York, Pa. 

WiUiam C. Thayer, Lehigh Uni- 
versity, Bethlethem, Pa. 

L. E. Feck, New Salem, Pa. 

J. S. Kemp, Littlestown, Pa. 

Ex-Senator David Selbert,Hagers- 
town, Md. 

W. J. Shoemaker, Lock Haven, Pa. 

M. R. Hotchkins, New Haven, Ct. 

W. S. Davidson, Charlotte, N. C. 

P. R. Fisher, Denton, Md. 

S. Thomas Day, Port Norris, N. J. 

S. K. Wilson, Tilghman, Md. 

J. R. Power, Abbeville, S. C. 

J. C. Hill, Abbeville, S. C. 

L. B. Henkel, Jr., Annapolis, Md. 

C. R. Sheridan, Cumberland, Md. 
A. J. Edwards, Bristol, Tenn. 
James H. Moran, Adams, Mass. 
Arthur E. Landeis, Ireland 

H. B. Hiatt, Clinton, N. C. 
J. E. Gross, Pittsburg, Pa. 
James F. H. Gorsuch, Forks, Md. 
E. H. Wakelee, Big Flats, N. Y. 
Louis C. Carrico, Bryantown, Md. 
A. G. Hoen, Richmond, Va. 
W. A. Smith, Haywood, Va. 

G. B. Harrison, Sharps, Va. 

D. A. Warkins, Hagerstown, Md. 
David W. Smouse, Des Moines, la. 
W. B. Everett, Silver Spring, Md. 
D. W. Bulluck, Wilmington, N. C. 
James E. Deets, Clarksburg, Md. 
H. F. Getzendanner,Frederick,Md. 
J. Gilbert Selby, Eglon, W. Va, 
L. J. Robertson, Nanticoke, Md. 



J. E. Beatty, Frederick, Md. 
Fred L. Arnold, Providence, R. L 
C. S. Wiley, Glen Rock, Pa. 
J. C. Keaton, Albany, Ga. 
R. V. Harris, Savannah, Ga. 
J. L. Spratty, Fort Mill, S. C. 
W. T. Wootton, Hot Springs, Ark. 

C. E. Clay, Martinsburg, W. Va. 
Carville V. Mace, Rossville, Md. 

D. E. Stone, Mount Pleasant, Md. 
W. H. Everhart, Newton, N. C. 
W. H. Carswell, New Haven, Ct. 
J. E. Urguhart, Asheville, Mass. 
G. T. Partridge, Waterbury, Ct. 
R. L. Allen, Waynesville, N. C. 
R. W.Tropwell,Point of Rocks,Md . 
Wm. B. Gambrill, Alberton, Md. 
C. R. Winterson, Elkridge, Md. 

S. S. Skyes, Elk-ton, Md. 
W. S. Phillips, Rapidan, Va. 

A. D. Baker, Keedysville, Md. 
W. J. Koelz, Keyser, W. Va. 

W. S. Gorsuch, Churchville, Md. 
H. Louis Naylor, Pikesville, Md. 

B. F. Tefft, Jr., Tallahassee, Fla. 
Antony, R. I., Tallahassee, Fla. 
F. Chfton Moor, Tallahassee, Fla. 
A. L. Hodgton, St. Marys county, 

Md. 

W. F. Sappington, Webster Mills, 
Pa. 

James M. Kibler, Newberry, S. C. 

Henry Kraemer, Philadelphia. 

H. H. Habner, Hartford, Pa. 

J. D. Cronmiller, Laurel, Md. 

J. W. Watson, Harnsville, W. Va. 

R. Contee Rose, Wye Mills, Md. 

A. B. Miller, Syracuse, N. Y. 

Chas. Owens, Hyattsville, Md. 

T. H. Taliaferro, Maryland Agri- 
cultural College, Md. 



94 



THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 



W. B. Morrison, Hagerstown, Md. 

B. F. McMillan, Red Springs, N. C. 
James D. Love, Jacksonville, Fla. 
Edward L. Meierhoff, New York. 
Oliver J. Gray, Wilson, Del. 
Gilbert T. Smith, Stamford, Ct. 
H. L. Rudolph, Gainesville, Ga. 
A. B. Eagle, Martinsburg, W. Va. 
J. R. Brodbeck, Codorus, Pa. 

N. R. Peck, Clarksburg, W. Va. 
W. T. Vance, Berwick, Pa. 
Charles H. Kriete, Aberdeen, Md. 
B.B. Ranson, Jr., Maple wood, N.J. 
James Cain, Chestertown, Md. 
Roger Brooks, Sandy Spring, Md. 
R. Bolvin, Berlin, Pa. 
W. A. Dietrich,Chattanooga,Tenn. 
James H. Billingslea, Westmin- 
ster, Md. 

C. O. Miller, Saxton, Pa. 

W. H. Grant, Elhcott City, Md. 
W. H. Smithson, New Park, Pa. 
C. O. Burruss, Sharon, S. C. 
Louis H. Seth, Wittman, Md. 
W. F. Elgin, Glenolden, Pa. 
J. S. B. Woolford, Chattanooga, 
^ Tenn. 

E. Haw ken. New York. 
Harry S. Thomson, New York. 
George ,H. Carr, Portsmouth, Va. 
C. B. Earle, Greensville, S. C. 
WiUiam Emrich, Bolivia, S. A. 
J. C. C. Beale, Philadelphia. 



R. L. Simpson, Richmond, Va. 
Edgar T. Duke, Cumberland, Md. 
F. D. Carlton, Statesville, N. C. 
J. F. Keroodle, Greensboro, N. C. 
Herbert C. Smathern, Clyde, N. C. 
R. H. Mills, Monticello, Fla. 
Clinton Lee, North Carohna. 

E. S. Boyle, Port Deposit, Md. 
W. C. Gordon, Caledonia, N. Y. 
A. Degenring, Ehzabeth, N. J. 
George H. Hague, Elizabeth, N. J. 
J. E. Toombs, Worcester, Mass. 
W. Steele Maywell, Still Pond, Md. 
J. Lane Finley, Betterton, Md. 
Julian Gartsell, Washington, D.C. 
C. A. Beck, Wilmington, Del. 

A. U. Valentine, Washington, D.C. 
M. G. Sorrey, Orangeburg, S. C. 
R. B. Hayes, Hillsboro, N. C. 

R. C. Hume, Petersburg, Va. 
David E. Hoag, New York. 

B. L. Jefferson, Colorado. 

F. H.'D. Biser, Parkersburg,W.Va. 
S. A. MacFarlane Sanderson, Ox- 
ford Station, Ontario, Can. 

M. L. Jessop, Chestertown Md. 
Isabella Grifl&th, Laytonsville, Md. 
R. Minnis, Connellsville, Pa. 
Marshall J. Brown, Sylmar, Md. 
Sylvan McElroy, Orlando, Fla. 
W. M. Degnan, Southington, Ct. 
Luther P. Balser, Kingtown, N.C. 
N. T. Kirk, Rising Sun, Md. 



THE LADIES ASSIST IN THE CELEBRATION. 

The reception and luncheon under the auspices of the 
Woman's AuxiUary of the University of Maryland Hos- 
pital was one of the most picturesque and delightful fea- 
tures connected with the centennial. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 95 

The great central stairway leading to the nurses' parlor 
where the luncheon was served from noon until 3 p. m. 
was transformed into an avenue of tropical plants. The 
columns of the reception room were twined with maroon 
and black, and great clusters of snowballs and bridal 
wreaths nodded to masses of white marguerites and fra- 
grant clover across the room. 

The committee in charge of the decorations included 
Mrs. Franklin Wilson Levering, Mrs. L. Ernest Neale, 
Miss Mary Ashby (chairman), assisted by Mrs. Nathan 
Winslow, Mrs. Washington Bowie, Mrs. John C. Hem- 
meter, Mrs. H. M. Towles, Mrs. Hardie-Ridgely, Miss 
Sad tier and others. 

Mrs. Hamilton Easter, president of the Woman's Aux- 
iliary, assisted by many ladies of the board, welcomed the 
guests as they entered the room, and the elaborate toilets 
of the ladies contributed materially to the beauty of the 
scene. All wore tiny badges blazoned in colors with the 
Great Seal of Maryland. To these were attached maroon 
and black ribbons, upon which was printed in gold letters 
the legend, " Woman's Auxiliary, University of Maryland 
Hospital, Centennial Celebration, May 30, 1907." 

The reception and luncheon were given to the visiting 
guests and physicians of the University and their wives. 

Apart from the grace conferred upon the occasion by 
the presence of the members of the Woman's Auxiliary, 
the result of their more than twenty years of faithful 
work in connection with the Hospital was everywhere 
manifest. From a body of 60 women the organization 
has grown to nearly 200 members, and their annual con- 
tributions to the Hospital have at times reached as high 
as $8000 in one year. To the Auxihary the hospital is 
indebted for fine verandas extending around the wards, 
erected at a cost of $3280. The Auxiliary built the new 
suite of nurses' sleeping-rooms, and the roof garden; and 



96 



THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 



by the Auxiliary the cold-storage plant of the hospital 
was installed. In one year this body of women contributed 
$1000 worth of linen for the use of the hospital; and 
through the same source the table service of the sick is 
daintily equipped. In every way their interest and prac- 
tical usefulness in the affairs of the institution are felt. 

The officers of the Auxiliary are: 

President — Mrs. Hamilton Easter. 

Vice-Presidents — Mrs. Samuel C, Chew, Mrs. Joseph T. Smith. 

Treasurer — Mrs. Samuel J. Hough. 

Recording Secretary — Mrs. Frederic Tyson. 

Corresponding Secretary — Miss L. P. Marshall. 

The Auxiliary Board includes in its membership the 
following ladies, most of whom were present : 



Mesdanies 
William Paret, 
L. B. Purnell, 
William Painter, 
S. Johnson Poe, 
Mary W. Pope, 
Charles B. Penrose, 
W. C. Page, 
William T. Howard, 
Francis T. Homer, 
J. Mason Hundley, 
Theodore Hooper, 
J. C. Hemmeter, 
Joseph Holland, 
William Williams, 
Nathan Winslow, 
George Ward, 
Richard WiUiams, 
Eliza K. Wilson, 
John R. Winslow, 
Walter W. White, 
W. J. Yerby, 
J. H. Cottman, 



Henry Clark, 
John B. Clunet, 
George T. M. Gibson, 

B. B. Gordon, 
M. A. Hamilton, 
Alex. L. Hodgdon, 
Alacaeus Hooper, 
Harriet Blandford, 
Washington Bowie, 

C. Boyd, 
T. Benson, 
John W. Brown, 
Chauncey H. Blodgett 
E. J. Chism, 

T. S. Clark, 
M. W. Bowie, 
William M. Allen, 
R. M. Amos, 
R. Abercrombie, 
Charles F. Bevan, 
Joseph F. Ewing, 
George F. French, 

D. S. L. Frank, 



William Adams Gale, 
Frank C. Bolton, 
Howard S. Bowie, 
Henry H. Klinefelter, 
H. Y. Chaterly, 
T. Harris Cannon, 
H. Crawford, 
J. A. Dunham, 
Herbert 0. Dunn, 
Harry B. Dillahunt, 
Henry C. Matthews, 
Edward G. McDowell, 
H. C. James, 
E. E. Jackson, 
Agnes G. Jones, 
John G. Jay, 
John T. King, 
L. Ernest Neale, 
John M. Nelson, 
Leonard Neudecker, 
Thomas Owings, 
0. A. Kirkland, 
Berwick B. Lanier, 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 



97 



Franklin W. Levering, 
Henry Liebman, 
Wm. M. Marbury, 
Frank Martin, 
James D. Mason, 
W. H. Matthias, 
James McEvoy, 
John I. Middleton, 
William E. Morton, 
Charles H. Riley, 
Wilham C. Rouse, 
John C. Rose, 
Hardie Ridgely, 
William T. Malster, 
John G. Murray, 
Paul Turner, 
G. Lane Taneyhill, 
John K. Shaw, 
Frederick P. Stieff, 
Charles E. Sadtler, 
Jordan Stabler, 



H. M. Towles, 
Vori Bories, 
Francis E. Waters, 
Robert K. Waring, 
Albert Weil, 
Robert W. Wylie, 
Sidney Turner, 
J. K. Taylor, 
Randolph Winslow. 
Misses: 
Frances Cooper, 

Nannie Gibson, 

Mary S. Gittings, 

S. Davis Hill, 

Annie Hough, 

Madge Waters, 

Juhette Y. Wilson, 

Susan Brown, 

Mary Ashby, 

Evelyn Bull, 

H. S. Chew, 



EUzabeth F. Mitchell, 

Esther Murdock, 

AUce Keys, 

Lydia H. Kirk, 

Elizabeth Kent, 

LiUie Detrick, 

Virginia A. Wilson, 

Nannie W. Wilson, 

Janie S. Waters, 

Mary Shaw, 
Mary H. Smith, 
Henrietta N. SUcer, 
Helen Smith, 
LilUan Sheppard, 
Florence Sadtler, 
Alma Phelps, 
Carrie Plummer, 
Frances, Pentz, 
Mary M. McRae, 
Mary H. Kerr, 
Josephine E. Livezey. 



CLASS DINNERS, REUNIONS AND SMOKERS 

Possibly one of the most interesting of the features of 
the Celebration of the Centennial to those who again 
gathered around the old University were the class dinners 
on the evening of May 30. It is impossible to give accur- 
ately a detailed account of each of the dinners, and those 
present at each dinner, but a partial hst is appended below. 

The Class Reunions 

To the Alumni participating no exercises connected 
with the Centennial gave greater pleasure than the class 
reunions held on Thursday evening, May 30, 1907. In 
the case of several classes many of the members had not 
seen each other, or heard from each other, for over 35 
years. When they last parted they were in the first flush 



98 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

of manhood, with their diplomas fresh from the hands of 
their Alma Mater. When they met on Thursday night 
they came together as matured men, bearing the signs of 
years of hard service and ripened by the experiences and 
usages of professional hfe. Though old in work and 
scarred by time's unsparing hand, they met again as boys 
for the night, forgot the dull cares of daily toil to relate 
the reminiscences of student days, and to exchange ex- 
periences gathered in their varied fields of labor. 

It was both pathetic and pleasurable to meet with old 
friends, to recall to mind the days when as students we 
sat on the hard benches of the classroom or romped on 
the campus. As these days came before us, how vividly 
could one recall the beloved teacher and the bright and 
youthful classmate ! Where are they now? This was the 
thought which came into every mind as first one, then 
another made mention of the absentee. 

Of the class of 1872, ten were present out of fifty-six. 
Of the class of 1873 eight met, thirty-eight absentees. 
Where are all of those absent from the class reunions? 
The historian of each class tells us the larger number 
have joined the great majority. They rest from their 
labors, shall we say, almost forgotten by their old class- 
mates? This is the pathetic part of it. Why should old 
classmates be forgotten, disappear from the minds of 
those who when students were often the warmest friends, 
the most intimate associates? No answer can be given 
to this question save one — the want of class organization, 
class spirit, the need of a class historian. It is hoped that 
the reunions of the classes on Thursday night will have 
revived a class spirit among all the classes — that a per- 
manent organization of every class in the University, 
wherever possible, will be effected. 

To foster this class spirit the University Hospital Bul- 
letin now suggested that every class have a tablet made 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 99 

of brass or copper, with the name of each member on 
the shield, the same to be placed on the walls of the 
University building. In this way the membership of the 
class will be kept before the eyes of all students and visitors 
to the University Halls. 

The Classes of 1872 and 1873, consisting of nineteen 
members present, dined at the University Club. 

The Class of 1882 with ten members present, dined at 
the University Club. Among those who participated 
were three of the members of the present faculty of the 
University of Maryland — Dr. Hiram Woods, Dr. Charles 
W. Mitchell and Dr. James Craighill, acted as the com- 
mittee in charge. 

The Class of 1884, with eighteen members present held 
a banquet at the Hotel Rennert. Present at this dinner 
were Prof. J. C. Hemmeter, of the Medical Faculty of the 
University of Maryland; Prof. Charles P. Noble, of Phila- 
delphia; Dr. Alexander C. Abbott, Professor of Bacteri- 
ology at the University of Pennsylvania and Health 
Officer of Philadelphia ; Dr. Mactier Warfield ; Dr. Ridgeley 
B. Warfield; Dr. Geo. Flemming; Dr. Edmond C. Gibbs, 
Dr. I. Ridge way Trimble. 

The Class of 1890, with fourteen members present, 
dined at Harmony Hall. 

The Class of 1895, represented by twelve members, 
dined at Ganzhorn's Hotel. 

The Class of 1896, with twenty members present, dined 
at the Hotel Rennert. 

The Class of 1897, with twenty-eight members present, 
dined at the Hotel Junker. Among this group were Dr. 
Compton Reily, Chief of Clinic of Orthopedics of the 
University Hospital; Dr. O. P. Penning, of the Surgical 
Staff of the University Hospital Dispensary, and Dr. 
T. 0. Heatwole, Professor, Dental Department of the 
University of Maryland. 



100 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Class of 1900, seventeen members present, held a ban- 
quet at the Hotel Rennert. 

The Class of 1902 dined at the Caswell Hotel; twenty- 
eight members were present, among whom was Dr. 
Arthur M. Shipley, superintendent of the University 
Hospital. 

The Class of 1907, the Centennial Graduating Class, 
dined at the New Howard Hotel. 

Quite a number of class dinners, private in nature, were 
given. Of these, of course, we have no account. Like- 
wise were held many fraternity reunions. Most of these 
were of a private nature, and the names of those who were 
present were not obtainable 

THE CENTENNIAL DECORATIONS. 

All of the University buildings, including the hospital, 
were elaborately decorated in honor of the Centennial 
Celebration; the University colors. Maroon and Black; the 
State of Maryland colors. Black and Orange, and the 
national colors. Red, White and Blue, were tastily mingled 
in artistic arrangement. The dates 1807-1907 were dis- 
played in large figures on two of the columns of the old 
historic building, which is represented on the seal of the 
University of Maryland. 

The beauty of these decorations was greatly enhanced 
by the propitious weather. The interior of the buildings 
likewise shared in the attention of the decorators. 

The great Lyric Hall in which the Commencement 
Exercises of May 31 were held, likewise received abund- 
ant attention from those who decorated the University 
Buildings. These ornamentations where executed by Mr. 
Geo. Geiwitz after a drawing which was frequently remod- 
eled. The management of the Lyric Music Hall took pho- 
tographic reproductions of the interior because the hall had 
according to their statement been converted into such a 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 101 

temple of art that they desired to preserve its appearance 
for future reference. The daily papers, Baltimore Sun 
and American, reproduced photographs of these decora- 
tions in their issues of June 1, 1908. One of the features 
of the decorations at the Lyric Music Hall during the 
academic ceremonies were immense festoons or stream- 
ers of branches of evergreen and oak in which were en- 
twined innumerable electric lamps. These brilliant gar- 
lands radiated from the center of the high ceiling to 
draped columns on the edge of the galleries in all direc- 
tions, making the impression of a canopy of brilliant stars 
held in green leaves. 



ACADEMIC CEREMONIES AT THE LYRIC (MUSIC 
HALL) ON FRIDAY, MAY 31, 1908. 

The complete programme for May 31 is given below, 
following which were given the Academic and University 
degrees; and in recognition of distinguished public services 
achievements in science a number of honorary degrees. 
A full list of those receiving degrees will be given. 

The programme was as follows : 

PROGRAMME OP ACADEMIC CEREMONIES AT LYRIC, MAY 3, 1907. 

Music, March from "The Queen of Sheba", Gounod 

Prayer Rev. P. C. Gavan 

Representing Cardinal Gibbons. 
The Lord's Prayer, offered by His Eminence James Cardinal Gibbons. 

Music, "Academic Overture" Brahms 

Address President Francis Landey Patton 

President of Princeton Theological Seminary 

Music, "Walkiirenritt" Wagner 

Conferring of Degrees . . . ■. Hon. Edwin Warfield 

Governor of Maryland and Chancellor of the University 
Candidates for the Degrees, "Bachelor of Arts" and "Bachelor of Sciences," 

presented by the Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. 
Candidates for the Degree "Doctor of Medicine" presented by the Dean of the 

Faculty of Physic. 
Candidates for the Degree "Bachelor of Laws" presented by the Dean of the 

Faculty of Law. 
Candidates for the Degree "Doctor of Dental Surgery," presented by the Dean of 

the Faculty of Dentistry. 
Candidates for the Degree "Doctor of Pharmacy" presented by the Dean of the 

Faculty of Pharmacy. 

Music, " The University Ode" Hemberger 

Words by Eugene F. Cordell, M.D., '68 

Award of Prizes. 

Address President G. Stanley Hall 

President of Clark University 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 103 

Music, "Hygeia" Hemmeter 

Conferring of Honorary Degrees. 

Music, Largo Handel 

Benediction Rt. Rev. Dr. William Paret 

Bishop of Maryland 

Music, Prelude to Third Act "Lohengrin," Wagner 

Music furnished by the Baltimore Choral Society, R. L. Haslup, director, John 
Itzel, director of orchestra. 

DESCRIPTION OF THE ASSEMBLAGE OF THOSE 
PARTICIPATING IN THE ACADEMIC CER- 
EMONIES AND COMMENCEMENT 
EXERCISES. 

The gathering together at Lyric Hall on Friday morning 
May 31, of those representing the University of Maryland, 
of those receiving honors from the University of Mary- 
land, the Alumni of the University of Maryland, the rep- 
resentatives of other institutions of learning partici- 
pating in the Academic Ceremonies and Commencement 
Exercises, and the many friends of those participating 
in the Centennial Exercises, was well described in an 
unbiased account in the Baltimore American, and the 
editor will quote from their issue of June 1, 1907, for a 
description in part of the Commencement Ceremonies. 

The most imposing of ceremonies ever held in connection with the 
cause of education in the State of Maryland was that of yesterday 
morning at the Lyric, when the principal exercises of the one hun- 
dredth anniversary celebration of the University of Maryland were 
held coincident with the annual commencement of the institution's 
several departments. 

Two hundred and thirty-six young men and one young woman 
received diplomas, and 30 honorary degrees were conferred, the 
recipients of the latter being men who are scholars of international 
reputation, authors of important works and discoverers of new truths 
in science. 

Fully 4000 persons were present, including representatives of all 
the important educational institutions of the world (in many cases 
the presidents of these seats of learning), thousands of the alumni of 



104 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

the University of Maryland, friends and relatives of the graduates — 
who came from all sections of the country — and the most representa- 
tive of Baltimore's citizens. Every seat in the large hall was occupied 
and there were many hundreds who stood in the aisles during the 
four hours of the ceremony. And it is estimated that between 
800 and 1000 persons left again because they could not find even 
standing room. 

All of the large audience seemed imbued with the enthusiasm fit- 
ting the occasion, and applause of speakers, recipients of honorary 
degrees and graduates was frequent and prolonged. 

The ceremony was begun shortly after 10 o'clock, when the gradu- 
ates representing the academic and scientific departments of St. 
John's College, AnnapoUs (recently affiliated with the University of 
Maryland), and of the University's schools of medicine, law, dentistry 
and pharmacy, in this city, all wearing caps and gowns, filed down 
the main aisle and occupied seats reserved for them in the front 
of the hall, immediately facing the stage. Much applause accom- 
panied their entry. 

In the meanwhile representatives of most universities and colleges 
of the country, and of Scientific Associations, the Faculties and . 
Regents of the University of Maryland, the specially invited guests, 
assembled in the upper hall of the Lyric facing Mount Royal Avenue 
and were arranged into an academic procession by Major (now 
Colonel) Charles Baker Clotworthy and his aids. Presently the large 
assembly in the lower hall heard in the distance the solemn and 
beautiful strains of martial music (third act of Wagner's "Lohen- 
grin"). The music ceased for a few minutes and then burst forth 
again in a glorious chorus played by the brass band of the grand 
orchestra announcing the coming of the procession of orators, 
regents, ecclesiastical dignitaries, presidents of other universities 
and colleges and official delegates, national, state and city officials 
and others. Many men of great distinction were in line, and they 
were greeted with rousing cheers as they passed down the long aisle 
and up the steps leading to the stage. The stirring strains of the 
march from "The Queen of Sheba," were played by an orchestra of 
75 pieces as the procession proceeded. First came the chief marshal, 
Col. Charles Baker Clotworthy, immediately followed by Governor 
Edwin Warfield, chancellor of the university, and Judge Henry Stock- 
bridge, acting provost. Next in Hne were Cardinal Gibbons and Dr. 
Thomas Fell, president of St. John's College and vice chancellor of 
the university council; Dr. R. Dorsey Coale, senior dean of the uni- 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 105 

versity, with Bishop William Paret; Judge Henry D. Harlan and Dr. 
Francis L. Patton, former president of Princeton University; Dr. 
Daniel C. Oilman, president emeritus and Dr. Ira Remsen, President 
of Johns Hopkins University, with Rev. P. C. Gavan, and Prof. John 
P. Poe with Dr. G. Stanley Hall of Clark University, Prof. William 
H. Welch, and Prof. J. C. Hemmeter, the President of the Centennial 
Committee. 

These comprised the first division of the procession. The other 
four divisions were made up as follows: 

Second Division— Marshal, Washington Bowie, Jr., LL.B., with 
the presidents of the various universities and colleges and official 

delegates. 

Third Division— Marshal, Arthur D. Foster, with national, state 
and city officials, followed by specially invited guests. 

Fourth Division— Marshal, Stuart S. Janney, and the faculties of 

the university: 

Fifth Division— Marshal, Jesse Slingluff, and the chairman and 
members of the Centennial Executive Committee, including the 
Honorary Committee. 

THE HONORARY COMMITTEE OF THE 
CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Edwin Warfield, Daniel Lewis, M.D., 

Governor of Maryland, T. H. Lewis, M.D., 

Alex. C. Abbott, M.D., James L. McLane, 

Gen. Felix Agnus, Hon. J. Barry Mahool, 
Hon. Gordon T. Atkinson, M.D., Theodore Marburg, 

Bernard M. Baker, Charles H. Mayo, M.D., 

Hon. Charles J. Bonaparte, Wilham J. Mayo, M.D., 

Judge A. Hunter Boyd, Theodore K. Miller, 

Rev. F. X. Brady, Judge Thomas J. Morris, 

S. J. Albert, Robert Moss, 

A. Brager, Judge Alfred S. Niles, 

George Stewart Brown, Rev. Edward Niver, D.D., 

Judge N. Charles Burke, Charles P. Noble, M.D., 

President James W. Cain, Brig-Gen. Robert M. O'Reilly 

Francis King Carey, Wilham Osier, M.D., 

Major James Carroll, M.D., Wilham C. Page, 

Hon. John Lee Carroll, Rt. Rev. Wilham Paret, D.D. 

Joseph Clendenin, Judge James A. Pearce, 
Rt. Rev. Leighton Coleman, D.D. J. Rawson Pennington, M.D., 



106 



THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 



Frederick M. Colston, 

William T. Councilman, M.D., 

Judge John J. Dobeler, 

Charles E. Dohme, Ph.G., 

Richard H. Edwards, 

Judge Thos. Ireland Elliott, 

President Thomas Fell, 

J. D. Ferguson, 

Fabian Franklin, Ph.D., 

Frank Frick, 

Henry D. Fry, M.D., 

John S. Fulton, M.D., 

Geo. R. Gaither, 

Robert Garrett, 

Hon. James A. Gary, 

L. D. Gassaway, 

Rev. P. C. Gavan, 

John S. Gibbs, 

James Cardinal Gibbons, 

Gen. John Gill of R., 

Hon. John Gill, Jr., 

Daniel C. Gilman, LL.D., 

Rev. John B. Goucher, D.D., 

Rev. Adolph Guttmacher, 

B. Howard Haman, 

Hobart A. Hare, M.D., 

William Mozart Hayden, 

Judge Charles W. Heuisler, 

Rev. J. S. B. Hodges, S.T.D., 

Jacob W. Hook, 

Wm. T. Howard, M.D., 

Rev. Oliver Huckel, D.D., 

Rev. Alfred R. Hussey, 

David Hutzler, 

Smith Ely Jelliffe, M.D., 

Michael Jenkins, 

Henry S. King, 

Rev. Arthur B. Kinsolving, D.D., 

A. Leo Knott, 

Hon. Ferdinand C. Latrobe, 

Eugene Levering, 



EUsha C. Perkins, 

Jackson Piper, M.D., 

Rev. Arthur Chilton Powell, D.D. 

Edward Raine, 

John B. Ramsay, 

Hon. Isador Rayner, 

President Ira Remsen, 

Sur.-Gen. Presley M. Rixey, 

Thornton Rollins, 

John C. Rose, 

Rev. Wilham Rosenau, 

Rt. Rex. Henry Y. Satterlee, D.D. 

Rear Adm. Winfield Scott Schley, 

Judge Samuel D. Schmucker, 

Gen. Joseph B. Seth, 

Judge George M. Sharp, 

George B. Shattuck, M.D., 

Gen. Thomas J. Shryock, 

President R. W. Silvester, 

Geo. H. Simmons, M.D., 

Horace M. Simmons, M.D., 

WilUam Simon, M.D., 

Brig.-Gen. George M. Sternberg, 

Rev. John Timothy Stone, 

Hon. Isaac Lobe Straus, 

Hon. E. Clay Timanus, 

Hon. Murray Vandiver, 

Richard M. Venable, LL.D., 

S. Davies Warfield, 

Wilham H. Welch, M.D., LL.D., 

George Whitelock, 

Hon. William Pinkney Whyte, 

Judge Pere L. Wickes, 

Henry WiUiams, 

George R. Willis, 

Henry M. Wilson, M.D., 

Rt. Rev. Luther B. Wilson, D.D. 

James T. Woodward, 

Judge D. Giraud Wright, 

Surg. Gen. Walter Wyman. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 107 

After the vast assemblage had been called to order by 
President Fell, of St. John's College, Reverend P. C. 
Gavan, representing His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons, 
delivered a prayer of invocation. Supplementing this 
His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons personally led in repeat- 
ing the Lord's Prayer, during which the entire assemblage 
rose. Thus in a reverential spirit was commenced a pro- 
gramme marked throughout by dignity and order. Fol- 
lowing the prayer, according to the programme above, 
the audience was treated to a splendid rendition of " Acad- 
emic Overture" by Brahms. His Excellency, Edwin 
Warfield, Governor of the State of Maryland, ex officio 
Chancellor of the University of Maryland, was next intro- 
duced, who said in part : " It is a matter of sincere regret 
that Mr. Bernard Carter, Provost of the University, can- 
not be present. He is kept away because of illness, and 
it therefore becomes my duty as Chancellor of this insti- 
tution to preside. I am glad to see such a large and intel- 
ligent audience present, and particularly pleased to see 
the students from St. John's College, which prompts me 
to compliment both St. John's and the University of 
Maryland upon the affiliation of these two institutions. '* 

Governor Warfield then proceeded to introduce the 
first speaker. President Francis Landey Patton, of Prince- 
ton Theological Seminary, referring to him in his introduc- 
tion as one of the most distinguished scholars of the day. 
The scholarly address of President Patton is given on the 
following page. 



ADDRESS OF REV. DR. FRANCIS L. PATTON. 

DELIVERED AT THE LYRIC THEATER, BALTIMORE, 
MAY 31, 1907. 

May it please your Excellency, Ladies and Gentlemen : 
I count it an honor to be asked to speak on an occasion so 
interesting as the present. I congratulate the University 
of Maryland on the completion of one hundred years of 
institutional life. I congratulate the Faculties of this 
University on the work which they have done and on the 
equipment which they have for doing greater and better 
work in the future. Great changes have taken place in 
the material world since your Institution was founded, 
and changes equally great have taken place in the pro- 
gramme of education. The ordinary college curriculum 
has been widened and in the sphere of professional studies 
the march of progress has been marvelous. You have 
great reason to be proud today of what has been accom- 
phshed by this University. It is not only true that great 
names have been connected with your Faculties, but it 
is also true that you have sent out many graduates who 
have made an honorable record for themselves in their 
professional careers. I [shall not be invidious enough 
to mention names: I will mention one, for it is no small 
boast, and something of which any institution may well 
be proud, that the name of George Washington appears 
among the matriculants of one of your affiliated institu- 
tions. You have long held a leading place among the 
schools of medicine in this country and you have the dis- 
tinction of being the first to give to dental science the 
academic status which it now holds. The past certainly 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND. 



109 



is safe. And now as you face the future I have no doubt 
that you feel that the dollar, of whatever material it may 
be made, is a large factor in any conspicuous success, and 
I am one of those who hope that while showers of pecuni- 
ary blessings are faUing on other institutions, at least 
some droppings will fall on you. There is a great deal 
of wealth, collective and individual, in this land, but I 
have discovered that it possesses the attribute of extreme 
cohesiveness and that it is not easy to learn its lines of 
cleavage. I have noticed that rich men not uncommonly 
regard themselves as stewards of the Lord and their money 
as only lent to them by Him, but I seldom find one who 
regards it as in any sense a call loan, or me as a properly 
accredited collecting agent. 

I wonder how the educated man of one hundred years 
ago would compare with the educated man of today and 
how the professional man of one hundred years ago would 
compare with the average professional m_an of the present 
moment. The practice of the law I suppose was more 
elementary; there were fewer cases which had been de- 
cided, and the lawyer who went out early in the morning 
on an errand of legal shopping would have more difficulty 
than he now has in matching the sample which he hap- 
pened to hold in his hand. He might, however, perhaps 
have been the m^ore wilHng on that account to venture 
upon a legal opinion of his own. Whether the lawyer of 
that day knew as well as he does now how to advise his 
client to do what he wanted to do without transgressing 
the law I do not know, but I understand that the practice 
today is becoming more hke that of preventive medicine 
and is designed not so much to get a man out of trouble 
as to keep him from getting into trouble, and those who 
express themselves concerning current practice in this 
euphemistic way would have us believe, I suppose, that 
the law, is presenting a more humane aspect all the time. 



110 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Medicine must have been much simpler in its practice, 
I should think; doctors felt the pulse and looked at the 
tongue as they do now, but the patient had to pull through 
his fever without the aid of a clinical thermometer. The 
physician compounded his own medicines. The dispens- 
ing druggist was not there to put up his prescriptions and 
the pharmaceutical chemist had not arrived to save him 
the trouble of writing them. The physician made his 
rounds of daily visitation without having a new tabloid 
pressed upon his attention every day. I am at great 
loss to know how the clergyman got along. There were 
no motor cars nor tramways, and consequently fewer 
accidents. There was no telegraphy, wireless or other- 
wise. Hence, news was slow in reaching its destination 
and would ordinarily come too late for the Sunday sermon. 
Even the philosophic clergyman, who feels himself called 
specially to exploit the latest fad in philosophy or to break 
a lance with the scientist, must have had but a limited 
field for the exercise of his gifts, and I am afraid that if 
the truth be told it was a matter of sheer necessity then 
to preach the simple gospel. This, however, was a state 
of affairs which I think must have had its obvious advan- 
tages. 

On this Memorial day, however, we are not here to 
mourn over the past, nor do I stand before you as a 
laudator temporis acti. I stand with you this morning 
facing the future and congratulate you on what I think 
are the splendid opportunities before you. It may not 
be inappropriate for me to say something on the general 
subject of education and perhaps even on the specific sub- 
jects of education which this University has taken under 
its care. Let us ask ourselves seriously what education 
has done for us. I had the honor of addressing a young 
ladies' high school a few weeks ago and the principal told 
me the result of an experiment she had made in having 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND. 



Ill 



a class write an essay on Education. The older and more 
thoughtful girls expressed themselves on the subject by 
making good use of the etymology of the word "educa- 
tion" and accordingly sought to show how, by means of 
education, one's latent potentiahties find expression; but 
others less mature and less philosophical, perhaps, took 
a more concrete view of the matter, one of them saying, 
" It is so embarrassing to talk to educated people and not 
know what to say;" and another— speaking perhaps even 
more freely from her own experience — saying, " It is so 
nice when a young man talks to you to be able to carry 
on the conversation." Now, while I thought it very 
hkely that some of this conversation would not or at least 
might not call for articulate expression, and that even the 
uneducated mind learns early in fife the art of telepathic 
communication, I really felt that there was a great deal 
more truth in the answer that this young lady gave than 
some would be disposed to give her credit for. Of course, 
I recognize the great value there is in the power of self- 
control that comes with the early stages of education: 
the lesson one gets, in other words, by learning lessons; 
the lesson, that is to say, of learning to live under the 
regime of will rather than impulse ; of learning to keep 
one's wayward thoughts in leash and command attention 
to a chosen theme. But adjustment to one's environ- 
ment is after all a very large part of education. To be 
able to exchange the current coins of conversation with 
a certain degree of self-confidence, to take an intelligent 
interest in the great world of events, to move gracefully 
in that portion of the intellectual world which we happen 
to inhabit, to talk when it is our turn to talk and to know 
when it is ours to hsten, and tactfully to turn the sharp 
corners of conversation when it threatens to lead down 
lanes with which we are not familiar— all this it seems to 
me is an important part of education, and this surely is 



112 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

no inconsiderable advantage ; this much we have learned 
at all events. We have, besides, acquired a certain 
knowledge of the cosmos and know something of kinetic 
and potential energy. We have read a little of the world's 
best literature and perhaps have acquired the art of recog- 
nizing a fine line when we see it or hear it ; and though it 
be only a little knowledge, I do not think it is so danger- 
ous as to offset the obvious advantage of knowing who 
constituted the leading poets of the Lake School, when 
Queen Elizabeth reigned, and that the Revolution (I 
mean the great Revolution) was in 1688. Of course we 
forget a great deal and the day comes, alas, too soon, 
when we are rather rusty in our Greek and when the bino- 
mial theorem, sounds like the echo of a far-off day. 

I am quite ready to admit that there are two funda- 
mentally different views of education ; one regarding it as 
an end in itself and the other as a means to an end. If 
it be an end in itself the question arises, what is the model 
curriculum? I am old-fashioned enough still to believe 
that to get the largest mental development in the short- 
est space of time we must make mathematics and classics 
the staple of our educational programme. We must 
teach the young to think in concepts ; we must give them 
the key to the interpretation of the cosmos, and mathe- 
matics is the organon of physical science. But besides 
this we must teach them the art of expression. Mr. Au- 
gustine Birrell says somewhere in one of his essays that 
the scientific man is the only man who has anything to 
say, but he cannot say it, and the literary man is the onty 
man who knows how to say anything, but he has nothing 
to say. The ideal scheme of education would therefore 
seem to be one which gives the student something to say 
and tells him how to say it. Besides his mathematics, 
therefore, I would have him study Latin and Greek. He 
must read his Homer and his Virgil, and if not his Homer, 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 113 

at least his Virgil — "Wielder of the stateliest measure 
ever moulded by the lips of man." But whether it be 
through scientific or through literary culture that educa- 
tion is to proceed, we must remember that it is the thought 
and not the word or fact which is significant. He who 
reads literally reads poorly; haeret in litera haeret in cor- 
tice. Even jurisprudence, which holds us to such strict 
account for our use of words, teaches us that there are 
times when we not only judge what a man meant to say 
by what he said, but also times when we must judge what 
he said by what he obviously meant to say. The scien- 
tific man must also go behind the facts with which he 
deals to the ideas with which those facts represent. These 
facts are simply the syllables of the writing which he is 
striving to decipher. It is only when he has hit upon 
some key to nature's cipher that he is doing work worthy 
of scientific fame. It is only when his facts go to the 
support of a great scientific generalization that their 
accumulation possesses special value. Otherwise he is 
only a census-taker in the kingdom of nature; a cata- 
loguer in the great library of truth, writing titles and 
reading the backs of books. Ah, Science, you demand 
facts; you proclaim the all-mightiness of induction; the 
reign of law; the empire of the senses. You have reduced 
history to science, and literature to science, and philoso- 
phy to science, and rehgion to science, but what after all 
does it signify? You have given us a rubbish heap of 
material 'whose destiny is death and destruction unless 
there is some unifying idea, some informing thought to 
give it shape and comeliness. Say what you will, the 
philosopher, the apostle of the idea, is necessary to make 
these dry bones live. 

I admit, moreover, that a strong plea can be made by 
those who say that education is to be regarded as a means 
to an end and who will remind us that however impor- 



114 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

tant it is that there shall be professors of poetry and the 
humanities, it is important also that there shall be pro- 
fessors of applied science, of mechanical and mining and 
electrical engineering. We know, they tell us, exactly 
how many acres constitute the farm and how much arable 
land there is on it. The farm is not getting any bigger, 
but the family is increasing at a tremendous rate. If 
we divide the inheritance by an equal distribution among 
the heirs, what each one gets will hardly seem worth 
keeping. Inevitably therefore in the struggle of life 
there will be a scramble and the man who is anxious with 
reference to his offspring naturally wishes that his own 
son shall come out on top. He therefore is in favor of 
an education which will enable his son to earn an honest 
living and to meet the rough competition of the world. 
I confess I am in sympathy with this practical view of 
education and therefore I have a great deal of interest 
in that part of a Universitj^'s life which deals with the 
professional schools. 

When a man's general education has been completed, 
the next question is. What calling is he to follow? There 
is a certain element of determinism in the settlement 
of this question, for once a man's choice is made, it fixes 
the character of his life. No wonder then that men 
hesitate and linger on the brink of decision, for whether 
they shall be obliged to travel or be compelled to remain 
at home all the time, whether they shall be left without 
any time to read or whether they shall be compelled to 
have a book before their eyes continually, will depend 
upon the choice they make ; as will also depend upon this 
choice the kind of friends they make and the kind of soci- 
ety in which they mingle. But there is for that matter, 
or there seems to be, an element of determinism even in 
the making of the choice. One boy perhaps takes kindly 
to his father's calling and you find him late in life doing 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 115 

business at the same old stand. Another, for reasons 
that he perhaps cannot give a good account of, chooses 
to study medicine, and still another enters the holy call- 
ing of the ministry under the predestinating influence of a 
pious mother's wish. Recognizing an over-ruling Provi- 
dence behind all the elements that enter into the mak- 
ing of a choice, we may say therefore that the minister 
is not the only one who has been called into his profession, 
and therefore that in a very true and solemn sense each 
man's calling is a providential indication of the work that 
he is meant to do. A young man if asked what he intended 
to do on leaving College would not uncommonly say 
that he was not sure whether he would go into business 
or take a profession — the careers open to men seeming to 
divide into these two hemispheres. Just what the dif- 
ference is between a business and a professional career 
may be hard so say, though I have been accustomed to 
regard the difference as indicated by the fact that the 
business man enters upon his career for the purpose of 
making money, and in that sense of working it for all it is 
worth, while the professional man is supposed at least 
not to make the emoluments of his profession the prin- 
cipal object of his thought, but to regard himself in the 
light of a public servant engaged in the discharge of phil- 
anthropic duty. This is an ideal view of the situation 
which I fear does not correspond exactly to the actual 
ambitions of professional men. I am afraid that the 
commercialization of the professions, at least some of 
them, has gone on so far that it is not easy to make a 
strict line of demarcation between a professional and a 
business career. The old way of regarding the matter 
was to say that there were three learned professions ; and 
this view of the matter still lingers in the minds of some ; 
but it would perhaps be more correct to say that there are 
more than three professions and that none of them is as 
learned as it ought to be. 



116 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

There is to begin with the profession of Law. I hope 
I shall not be regarded as a sordid Philistine in my views 
of education, but with all respect to those who make so 
much of culture for culture's sake, I cannot help reaHz- 
ing that we are Uving in a very practical workaday world 
and I have a very special leaning therefore toward pro- 
fessional education. Of course there is the very specific 
knowledge of the practice of the courts in which one 
expects to appear and a ready knowledge of the particular 
body of laws with which one is called upon to deal, which 
is of the first importance to the practical lawyer, and 
much of which may may be foreign to the academic study 
of jurisprudence that we laymen are more apt to be inter- 
ested in. I am bound, however, to say that a little knowl- 
edge of that purely academic kind is good for any man 
and that even the practicing lawyer, in my judgment, 
would not suffer as the result of having it. Whether one 
reads Austin or Amos, Blackstone or Holland, Sir Henry 
Maine or Maitland, I know that the man who does so, 
whatever his profession may be, will thereby increase his 
own cubic measurement. I am told that very much 
depends, so far as success goes, on the way one proceeds 
in the study of the law. I suppose this is so, but it is hard 
for me to see that it makes so much difference whether the 
method be a 'priori or a posteriori — whether the method 
be, " Here is the case, get the law out of it by a process 
of induction," or "Here is the law, how can you apply 
it in this particular case?" You will never convince me 
that there is only one way of becoming great in legal 
attainments. I realize in saying all this that I am a lay- 
man availing myself of the layman's privilege to talk 
boldly and with a great deal of freedom upon a subject 
with which I have a very limited acquaintance ; yet the law 
comes so close to our social relations that the layman 
may be excused for feeling a little interest in it. Law is 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 



117 



not, as so many suppose, the science of wrangling; it is 
at least on its criminal side the systematized substitute 
for private vengeance; it is between individuals what 
we hope it will become between nations, an arbitral 
tribunal. The lawyers are the men who know the 
private hfe of their fellow men in the causes that 
lead to business estrangements; they are the men 
who know the ins and outs of the human heart when it 
is under the dominating influence of greed; they are the 
men who have a preferred claim to pubhc position; they 
are the men to discuss the great questions that lie 
on the boundary line of ethics and poUtics; they are the 
men who are to deal with the mighty problems of pohti- 
cal Hfe and help us to say whether the religion of the 
Nazarene, which has shaped our civihzation, has moral- 
ized society and has made our laws, is equal to the task 
of building up a civiUzed hfe among new peoples. It is 
when the captains and the kings depart; it is when the 
great admirals sail away, that the work of the lawyer 
and the statesman begins. For such a work, however, 
no equipment is too great, and I might very properly, 
though modestly, plead on this occasion for the general 
study of philosophical jurisprudence as a propaedeutic 
to the specific study of municipal law. That general 
study of course may take on one of several forms. The 
student of the science may be an historical jurist and 
trace the genesis of great legal concepts back to their 
origin in custom, or he may be an analytical jurist and 
seek to show how the great body of law contained in 
judicial decisions and in legislative enactments can be 
comprehended and concatenated in a scheme of system- 
atic jurisprudence, or he may be a metaphysical jurist 
and show how the great categories of status and contract, 
torts and servitudes, which have originated in custom, 
express after all the fundamental and a priori laws of 



118 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

reason; so that instead of judging the product by its 
genesis, you will interpret the genesis in the light of the 
product under a high teleological conception of history. 
This is the idealistic method which prevails in some quar- 
ters today. But whatever the method may be, it is to 
be understood that the student is handling great sub- 
jects, and whatever the relation may be that one sus- 
tains to the legal profession, these are topics worthy of 
one's best thought. I do not know how much you who 
are so soon to be called to the bar care for these things, 
for you may think that they are very remote from the 
ordinary practice of the law, but I venture the modest 
opinion that it will do you no harm to be minutely ac- 
quainted with the history of your great profession; no 
harm to know that the Romans taught us how to make 
testamentary disposition of property and that they 
thought out the great idea of the impersonal person which 
figures so largely in public discussion today under the 
name of a corporation; no harm to know that interna- 
tional law had its crude beginnings in the Roman doc- 
trine of the jus gentium and the decisions of the "pnrior 
peregrinus; no harm to know that equity jurisprudence 
is largely based on the canon law, that in olden time the 
Chancellor was an ecclesiastic and that it was in the mel- 
low light of cathedral windows that the marriage of law 
and theology was solemnized. I am sure that when a 
man has pursued the studies to which I refer he will not 
agree with Sir Frederick Pollock in saying that he sees no 
reason why a lawyer should be a moral philosopher any 
more than anybody else, or with Bain when he says that 
conscience is an imitation within us of the organized gov- 
ernment without us ; but on the contrary he will say that 
law is itself based upon conscience and that the dictates 
of conscience bespeak the greater truth regarding law, 
to which Hooker refers when he says, "her home is in 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 119 

the bosom of God and her voice the harmony of the 
world." 

And now I must turn to the profession of medicine. It 
is only a just recognition of the law of division of labor 
that the science which in its large area deals with the 
pathological conditions and therapeutic treatment of the 
human body should have elevated its junior depart- 
ments of dentistry and pharmacy to a position of aca- 
demic rank, and I gladly pay my respects to the institu- 
tion in which these departments hold such conspicuous 
position. Be it known to you, however, ye masters of 
odontological science, that we laymen dread you as we do 
the executioner, and when in a spirit of resignation we rest 
our heads in your chair, we are sure that we experience 
some of the emotions that swelled the breast of Charles I 
and Lady Jane Grey and Mary Queen of Scots when they 
laid their heads upon the block ; but we thank you never- 
theless for the service which you have rendered, for 
to you as much as to any class of men we owe the frac- 
tional increase in the average length of human life of 
which the actuaries have informed us; and why not? 
Is not the molar process of mastication the logical and 
chronological antecedent of the molecular process of 
digestion? And speaking of digestion, what shall I 
not say in praise of modern physiological and pharmaco- 
logical chemistry? How much has been done by that 
science in the interest of human life? Less often than 
before do we see the baby's cradle deepen into the grave ; 
the old stay with us longer and go more gently down the 
steep declivities of life; thanks to the articles of food 
which have been scientifically prepared with special 
reference to the needs of weak and slow digestion. What 
a variety of obligation indeed we owe to the men who 
are engaged in pharmacy! As for medicine, they have 
made the taking of it a luxury. And it is a part of a 



120 . THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

gentleman's education now to be able to give the name 
of the latest specific for headache and dyspepsia. The 
truth is, I keep up my Greek that way ! Antikamnia, for 
instance, and rhinitis; only if rhinitis is good for a cold 
why is not bronchitis good for a cough? 

But let me come more specifically to speak of the medical 
profession itself. I do not wonder that leading men in 
this profession say that a general literary education 
should precede the study of medicine, so much does 
eminence in it depend upon high intellectual develop- 
ment. And yet we should not overlook the fact that in 
a certain sense the study of medicine is itself a literary 
education. If one should say that in order to acquire 
the blacksmith's trade under the best conditions it 
would be well for one to take two years of all-around 
exercise in a gymnasium, something might be said in 
reply to the effect that after all one might acquire a little 
exercise and some muscular developm^ent in the acquisi- 
tion of the trade itself. And whether a man has or has 
not a Bachelor of Arts' degree before entering upon the 
study of medicine, he will, if he has used his time well 
during his period of study, have acquired in no small 
measure a very rigorous m^ental discipline. I remember 
very well the tribute which Hamerton paid to the science 
of medicine for the high and varied quality of intellec- 
tual discipline which the profession involved. It is 
interesting to notice the affinity that medicine seems 
always to have had with literary studies; not to speak 
of John Brown of Scotland, the genial author of "Rab 
and His Friends," or of our own Dr. Weir Mitchell 
of Philadelphia, how many there are on the roll of litera- 
ture who also stand high in the medical profession! I 
had the pleasure of conversing once with Dr. Osier upon 
this subject and I was interested in hearing him say that 
there were four great names in the world's literature also 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 121 

famous in the history of medicine, these four being Rabe- 
lais, Sir Thomas Browne, John Locke and OHver Wendell 
Holmes ; and that it would be impossible to add another 
name without an anticlimax. Medicine is no parvenu in 
the peerage of science. Her patent of nobility goes back 
to the days of Pericles. If I were a medical man I am 
sure that I should wish to be familiar with the history of 
medicine from Hippocrates to Galen (and if I had but 
little use for the Galenian tinctures I should nevertheless 
roll the Galenian maxims as sweet morsels under my 
tongue), and from Galen to Vesalius, and from Vesalius 
to Boerhaave, from Boerhaave to Harvey, from Harvey 
to Jenner, and thence down to these days of daring 
laparotomy, with special mention of Sir James Simpson 
and Lord Lister, the two famous Scotchmen, one of 
whom made this operation painless and the other made it 
safe. It is in the medical profession that specialization 
of function has been carried further perhaps than any- 
where else. The doctors are the men who seem to have 
made special application of the text, "This one thing I 
do." And so we have doctors of the cranium, doctors of 
the thorax and doctors of the viscera; doctors who give 
pills and doctors who use the knife ; doctors who investi- 
gate and do not practice, doctors who practice and 
do not investigate; serumthe rapists, oculists, aurists, 
alienists, gynecologists, orthopaedists and osteopathists — 
and it takes about three of them nowadays to keep 
any one of us in even ordinary repair. They tell me 
that the day has gone or is rapidly passing when 
there is any function for the j old-fashioned family 
physician, or at least any other function than that 
of sitting in his office and directing his patients to the 
proper specialists. They teU me that even in the practice 
of specialists the old opinion that a general knowledge 
of the science is a necessary condition of an adequate 



122 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

knowledge of any branch of it is not so universally held 
as it used to be, and that a man will not hesitate now to 
perform a capital operation in his own department who 
has never vaccinated a baby nor snipped the frenum of 
a tongue-tied child! But of course I pay no heed to 
this idle gossip and slanderous misrepresentation of your 
noble profession. And what a noble profession indeed it 
is! What a life it is that you are called upon to live! 
How close you come to us ! How we love you ! How 
it soothes us to feel your hand upon us when we are 
ill ! How when our loved ones are ill we welcome your 
coming and listen anxiously for your retreating foot- 
steps and wait for you at the bottom of the stair ! We 
love to speak of the Saviour of mankind as the Great 
Physician, and none, it seems to me, more closely follow 
in His footsteps than those who, regardless of em^olument 
and at cost of rest and sleep in their unwearied effort to 
heal the sick and lessen pain, go about doing good. 

Gentlemen of the medical profession, whether teachers 
or taught, whether in this city or throughout this broad 
land, I bid you Godspeed in the prosecution of your noble 
calling. Oh, ye healers of mankind throughout the world, 
God bless you. 

And now as I conclude, I beg the privilege of saying 
a few words to those of my audience who are standing 
upon the threshold of their professional life. Accept my 
congratulations on the completion of your academic 
career and my good wishes for your success in your several 
callings. Have a high aim in life and remember that 
there is nothing so great as love, and nothing so sweet as 
service. You may look on life as a great game or a great 
fight, as you may feel disposed, but in either case it means 
a struggle; but do not lose heart or be discouraged; and 
remember that your greatest struggle is within the sphere 
of your moral nature. It is there that you may win your 



• UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 123 

greatest victories and there that you may suffer your 
most shameful defeats. There will be times when you 
will feel a humiliating sense of self-condemnation, not only 
because the worst that is in you is so bad, but also because 
the best that is in you is not good. Seek to take a true 
measurement of your own merits and defects ; know your- 
self. Then when the world neglects you and puts a 
wrong construction upon your motives and your actions, 
you will find solace in an approving conscience. Then 
when the world praises you this same knowledge of your- 
self will serve to keep you humble ; for you will feel that 
the very graces of your nature have often opened to you 
doors of opportunity for wrong-doing and that you need 
forgiveness for the defects of those very qualities which 
are the exponents of the best elements of your manhood. 
And again, to all of you. Undergraduates, Alumni, 
Professors, Regents and Trustees of the University of 
Maryland, I give once more my very hearty congratula- 
tions as you step across the threshold of the second cen- 
tury of your institutional life. I bid you Godspeed and 
wish you a career of increasing distinction and enlarged 
equipment in the great scientific work that you are called 
to do. I hope that you will share in the increasing pros- 
perity of the city and the State with which you are identi- 
fied and that from year to year there will go forth into 
the world from this University those who will adorn their 
professions and be conspicuous additions to the nforal 
forces of the Republic. 



12 i THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Following President Patton's oration, the grand orches- 
tra rendered in a masterly manner, the ''Ride of the 
Valkyries," by Wagner, after which were conferred the 
degrees in course. First were awarded the degree, Bache- 
lor of Arts. President Thomas Fell, of St. John's Col- 
lege, introduced the candidates, and the diplomas con- 
ferring these degrees, as were all of those following, were 
awarded by the Chancellor of the University Governor 
Warfield to each candidate, as presented. 

Those to receive this degree were : 

Edgar Henry McBride. Alexander Contee Thompson. 

Benjamin Hance. Howard Thomas Ruhl. 

Clarence Ernest Tilghman. Robert Anderson, Jr. 

Asher Richardson Smith. Walter Griffin Mudd. 

John Collinson, Jr. Alexander McCully Stevens. 

Norman Alphonso Belt. John Moore Thompson. 

Everette LeRoy Bowen. Raoul J. Ruz y Poey. 

Francis Bernard Gwynn. Marcello Worthington Bordley. 

Alton Lindolph Arnold. George Donald Riley. 

President Fell next introduced the candidates for the 
degree of Bachelor of Science, who were as follows: 

Eli Elmer Bennett. Cuthbert Clement Cathcart. 

John Triplett Harrison. Lee Isaac Hecht. 

William August Strohm. Hugh Aubrey Coulbourn. 

Irving Patterson Kane. Eugene Webster Magruder. 

William Fennimore Childs, Jr. Robert Currier Brady. 

The Dean of the University of Maryland Medical 
School, R. Dorsey Coale, Ph.D., next presented can- 
didates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Those to 
receive this degree together with the subjoined Hst of 
prize men were as follows : 

Sidney Herman Adler Maryland 

O. Paul Argabrite West Virginia 

James Herbert Bates Maryland 

Benjamin R. Benson, Jr Maryland 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 125 

Jacob Wheeler Bird Maryland 

Howard Johnston Bostetter Maryland 

Ralph Childs Bowen Maryland 

Marshall J. Brown Maryland 

Nathaniel Burwell Maryland 

Walter Mills Carmine Maryland 

Frederick Denniston Carpenter Kansas 

Albert Hynson [Carroll Maryland 

William Henry Daniels Maryland 

Hazlett Austin Delcher Maryland 

John Joseph Egan Connecticut 

Claude John Brandt Flowers Pennsylvania 

James Shelton Fox South Carolina 

Rufus Cecil Franklin Georgia 

Aristide W. Giampietro Italy 

Salvador GiuHani Duteil Porto Rico 

Edson W. Glidden, Jr Georgia 

Walter Colwell Gordon New York 

T. Arthur GriflEin North Carolina 

Ernest L. Griffith Virginia 

Julius Edward Gross Pennsylvania 

Harry Victor Harbaugh Maryland 

Raymond V. Harris Georgia 

Frederick Henry Caspar Heise Maryland 

Frederick Henry Herrmann Maryland 

Houston Boyd Hiatt North Carolina 

Francis E. Jamison Maryland 

John Cox Keaton Georgia 

Joseph Isaac Kemler Connecticut 

Oscar Wentworth King North Carolina 

Max Kunstler New York 

Arthur Ernest Landers Ireland 

Thomas Edwin Latimer Maryland 

Thomas Henry Legg Maryland 

Frank Sidle Lynn Maryland 

W. Culbert Lyon New York 

John Wilson MacConnell South Carolina 

Robert Othello McCutchen South Carohna 

Sylvan McElroy Florida 

John Sasser McKee North Carolina 

James Emory Mann North Carolina 



126 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Gurley Davis Moose North Carolina 

Edgar Shirley Perkins Maryland 

Thomas H. Phillips Delaware 

J. Burr Piggott Virginia 

Harry Young Righton Georgia 

William Otterbein Roop . Pennsylvania 

Harry A. Rutledge Maryland 

Theo. A. Schaefer Maryland 

Herbert Schoenrich Maryland 

William F. Schwartz Maryland 

Charles Reynolds Sheridan Maryland 

Edward Barney Smith, Jr Pennsylvania 

John A. Smith Maryland 

Harry Wilbur Stoner Maryland 

Edward Lincoln Sutton Pennsylvania 

Joseph Leo Valentini Maryland 

Robert Alexander W^arren Virginia 

PRIZEMEN 

University Prize— Gold Medal Frank Sidle Lynn 

James Shelton Fox. Rufus Cecil Franklin. 

J. Burr Piggott. John A. Smith. 

Harry Victor Harbaugh. Thomas Edwin Latimer. 

Next to be presented were the candidates for the Degree 
Bachelor of Laws. This presentation was made by Ex- 
Attorney General of the State of Maryland, Prof. John 
P. Poe, LL.D., Dean of the Law Department of the Uni- 
versity of Maryland. Those receiving this degree were: 

Henry Delano Anthony. Gerriet Dewers. 

Harry Edgar Beachley. Henry Houston Dinneen. 

Cleveland Robinson Bealmear. Edward Jerome Donahue. 

Wilham Graham Boyce. James Stephen Donahue. 

Walter Hooper Buck Thomas Price Dryden. 

Benjamin Franklin Cator. Thomas Meux Benson Dunn. 

James Clark. Norman Ray Eckard. 

Oscar Bechtol Coblentz. John Habersham Elliott. 

Victor Ignatius Cook. George Louis Eppler. 

Charles McKendree Cordray. Charles Craig Frears. 

William Brewster Deen. Charles Beatty Finley, Jr. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 



127 



Herbert Christian Forrester. Charles Lemuel Prince, Jr. 

Benjamin Leonidas Freeny. Edward Patrick Reynolds. 

Thomas Frederick Garey. Hubard Pearce Ringgold. 

Leman Edwin Goldman. Morris Albert Rome. 

Robertson Griswold. Richard Contee Rose. 

Henry Warfield Hambleton. David Scarlett Ross. 

William Howard Hamilton. William Christopher Schmeisser. 

Evan Donovan Hans. Charles V. W. Schmidt. 

John Joseph Haydon. George Murray Seal. 

George Frank Herbert. Mark Owings Shriver, Jr. 

John Laurence Jones. Benjamin Alpheus Stansbury. 

Charles Newman Joyce. Daniel Stephen Sullivan. 

Lawrence Stern Kaufman. John Carroll Sullivan. ■ 

Harry Theodore Kellman. George Clark Sweeten. 

Herbert King. Robeson Lea Thompson. 

George Henry Leimkuhler. Andrew Herbert Troeger. 

Austin Jenkins Lilly. Lloyd Webster. 

Alfred Stengle Marine. Emmet Wallace White. 

Joshua Marsh Matthews. Howard Cruett Wilcox. 
George Patterson McCeney. - Raymond Sanderson WiUiams. 

John Francis Mudd. Wilbur Vance Wilson. 

John Edward Owens. William Appold Wood. 

Louis Clifton Perkins. Alexander Yearley. 

Henry Philip Pielert. Eldridge Hood Young. 

Next were presented the candidates for the Degree of 
Doctor of Dental Surgery, by Prof. F. J. S. Gorgas, M.D., 
D.D.S., Dean of the Dental Department of the University 
of Maryland. Those to receive this degree were the fol- 
lowing : 

Robert Orman Apple North Carolina 

Troy A. Apple North Carolma 

Arthur J. Bowker New Jersey 

Hugh J. Burton Maryland 

A. Mack Berryhill North Carolma 

Luther P. Baker North Carolma 

WiUiam Diedrich Greet New York 

Francis Derr Carlton North Carolma 

Abraham Cramer Maryland 

Miles M. Culliney Connecticut 



128 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

William Moylan Degnan , Connecticut 

Samuel E. Douglas North Carolina 

Linus M. Edwards North Carolina 

Travis Fletcher Epes Virginia 

Singleton C. Ford North Carolina 

Harrison A. Freeman Maryland 

Edward Garzouzi Eg>^t 

Winfield S. Garland New Hampshire 

Arsenius Georgion Turkey 

Edward Greene North Carolina 

James Wilham Harrower Virginia 

Julius E. Heronenms Maryland 

John F. Kernodle . . . , North Carolina 

E. Gordon Lee North Carolina 

William Judson Lewis New York 

Paul Lynch Massachusetts 

William A. Lyons West Virginia 

Walter S. Lightner Pennsylvania 

Herbert L. Mann North Carolina 

Franklin J. Market Florida 

Samuel Horace McCall North Carolina 

Robert H. Mills Florida 

Coleman Joseph O'Shanecy New York 

William Henry Perrin South Carohna 

Lawrence J. Robertson Maryland 

Arthur P. Reade North Carolina 

Solomon Rosengardt Russia 

Albert C. Roy New York 

A. Preston Scarborough Pennsylvania 

Abraham Samuel Shpritz Maryland 

Thomas W. Smithson North Carolina 

Ralph Thomas Somers Virginia 

Richard F. Simmons Virginia 

Robert L. Speas North Carolina 

Herbert C. Smathers North Carolina 

Wilbert B. Smith Nova Scotia 

Louis A. H. Theil Wisconsin 

Sadayoshi Teraki Japan 

Harry L. Thompson New York 

George Edward Truitt Maryland 

George Christopher Weighart New York 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 129 

PRIZEMEN 

University Prize — Gold Medal Lawrence J. Robertson 

Honorable Mention 
Troy A. Apple 

Then followed presentation of the following for the 
Degree of Doctor of Pharmacy by the Dean of the Depart- 
ment of Pharmacy, Chas. Caspari, Jr., Phar.D.: 

Thomas William Alexander Georgia 

Bernard Francis Behrman Maryland 

Cristobal Julian Carraballo Florida 

Frederick Garrison Carpenter South Carolina 

H. A. Brown Dunning, Ph.G , Maryland 

John Cyril Eby Maryland 

Richard Independence Esslinger Maryland 

Amin Fanous Egypt 

Maysville Jane Freeman Maryland 

Herman Nicholas Frentz Maryland 

Samuel William Ford Maryland 

Joseph Wester Jones Tennessee 

Louis Kirchner Maryland 

William Herman Kratz Maryland 

Charles Osborne Laney Texas 

Charles Howard Lapouraille Maryland 

Furman Butler McCrakin South Carolina 

John Raymond Miller Maryland 

James Harry Moran Massachusetts 

Harry John Frederick Munzert Maryland 

Frederick George Seidel Maryland 

Norman Everett Shakespeare Maryland 

Clarence Brooks Sullivan South Carolina 

Bayard Van Sant Maryland 

Russell Brown Way Massachusetts 

Henry Lyman Whittle, Ph.G.,, M.D Maryland 

PRIZEMEN 

■ College Prize for General Excellence Joseph Wester Jones 

Simon Prize for Practical Chemistry Russell Brown Way 

Practical Pharmacy Prize Joseph Wester Jones 

Vegetable Histology Prize Cristobal J. Carraballo 



130 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Certificate of Honor, Awarded in Order of Merit. 

Russell Brown Way. 
C. Howard Lapouraille. 
Maysville J. Freeman. 

Following the conferring of the degrees a musical com- 
position of rare beauty and interest was performed, " The 
University of Maryland Ode/' by Theo. Hemberger 
(words by Eugene F. Cordell, M.D., '68). The words 
are pubhshed below. Prof. Theodore Hemberger is the 
director of the University of Maryland Musical Associa- 
tion and his composition is of exceptional merit and ranks 
with the highest classical choral music of today. 

THE UNIVERSITY ODE 



EUGENE FAUNTLEROY CORDELL, M.D., '68. 



Alma Parens, jam annorum, 
Honoribus coronata! 
Caput carum candidumque 
Dii large benedicant. 

Tibi quae dedisti nobis 
Dona verbis permajora, 
Sicut die longe acta 
Rursus fidem obligamus. 

Diem bene recordamur 
Qua stetimus trepidantes 
In theatre constipato 
Ut honores accepturi. 

Quamvis tempus tractaverit. 
Aulas tuas post relictas, 
Nos omnino male — semper 
Aspectu tui recreamur. 

Quid non tibi faceremus, 
Mater? fama est eadem, 
Conglomeremus bona, vitam. 
Produceremus aurea victu. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 131 

Sis praeclara ! sis perpetua 1 
Inopinatae gloriae surgas! 
Surgant turresque ad astra, 
Radiisque sol coUustret! 

Next came the award of prizes and conferring of certifi- 
cates of honor, as mentioned above, after which Governor 
Warfield in well selected terms introduced President G. 
Stanley Hall, of Clark University, whose speech follows. 



ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT G. STANLEY HALL, 
OF CLARK UNIVERSITY. 

DELIVERED AT THE LYRIC THEATRE, BALTIMORE, MAY 3L 

Those were, indeed, remarkable days in which this 
institution was born — 100 years ago. Thomas Jefferson 
was then midway in his second term as President of 
the United States. There were seventeen States in the 
Union, and Ohio, the last to be admitted, was four years 
old. The Mississippi River had been our western bound- 
ary till four years before, when the Louisiana Purchase 
more than doubled the area of the Republic. Only a 
year before your charter was granted, Lewis and Clark 
had returned from their 8000-mile expedition explor- 
ing and establishing our claim to the Oregon region, and 
making the Pacific Ocean our western boundary. Two 
years before, at the Battle of Trafalgar, the power of 
Spain in the New World as well as in the Old began to 
totter, and the way was prepared for the acquisition of 
Florida and the great Southwest, which Aaron Burr had 
the sagacity to anticipate by what was charged to be a 
conspiracy, of which however, he was acquitted in 1807. 
This and the Embargo Act, which closed all our ports to 
foreign trade and was repealed the same year, just a cen- 
tury ago, had crippled the East so that statesmen feared 
for the future predominance of the Atlantic States in 
view of the vast future they foresaw for the West. But 
also in 1807 Fulton's first steamer, the Clermont, made 
its first trip up the Hudson to Albany in thirty-two hours. 
Congress, too had just provided for a national road from 
Cumberland, Maryland, to Ohio. The humiliation of the 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 133 

Barbary Pirates, the Chesapeake Incident and the Proc- 
lamation of 1807 ordering British armed vessels to leave 
our waters, and other stirring events leading on to the 
War of 1812; these not only laid the foundations of our 
naval power, but contributed to the supremacy of the 
Eastern States, and the consolidation of the North and 
South under the so-called Democratic-Repubhcan Party, 
which had elected the great commoner of Monticello to 
his second term and which upheld his magnificent states- 
craft which culminated in his national education pohcy 
by which the foundations of your institution were influ- 
enced, if not, indeed, directly inspired. 

You were the fifth in time of the 152 medical schools 
now chartered in this country, large and small, some, alas, 
very small in every sense of that pregnant diminutive. 
Baltimore had then a population of only 20,000. Begin- 
ning with the graduating class of five in 1810, you will 
soon have 6,000 graduates in medicine from all parts of 
the country, many of them filling important positions in 
other States. In quahty and leadership, your record, 
too, is a proud one, showing that your helmsmen have 
held their tiller true between the Scylla of conservatism 
and the Carybdis of too radical progress. You were the 
first institution in the land to compel dissection of the 
cadaver, to give instruction in dentistry and to estabUsh 
independent chnics for the diseases of women and chil- 
dren and for eye and ear troubles, and one of the first 
to estabUsh a medical library, to teach hygiene and med- 
ical jurisprudence and to provide chnical instruction m 
your own hospital, open at all times to students. The 
erection of your classic old building, begun in 1812 and 
long the most imposing architectural installation the pro- 
fession could show in America, the re-creation of the school 
of law in 1869 under the masterful hand of Professor Poe, 
the addition of a dental department in 1882, the affiha- 



134 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

tion of the Maryland College of Pharmacy, then sixty 
years old, in 1904, and your affiliation with the historic 
St. John's College, at Annapolis, now under the able 
leadership of President Fell: — these are milestones of an 
indeed unique progress, by which a University with over 
1,000 students has developed around the nucleus of a 
medical school, as in Salerno the oldest of the mediaeval 
universities, and your histories, as written by Cordell^ 
and by Steiner,^ are valuable contributions to the edu- 
cational records of the country's progress. Thus it is 
that you have so well kept pace with the marvelous 
advance of the nation during the century throughout 
which progress has been the dominant note. 

In no department of life or thought, however, has the 
advance been greater than in the field of the theory and 
practice of medicine, and what contrasts are greater than 
those between methods in vogue when you began and 
now? Since then the microscope has created half a 
dozen sciences of objects, the existence of which was 
almost unknown a century ago, but which are most vital 
for life, health, reproduction, and disease, sciences which 
have re-created both interpretation and treatment of 
symptoms. Chemistry has become, in the language of 
one of its experts, less a science than a group of sciences, 
and nowhere has their service been greater than to med- 
icine. Anaesthetics, antisepsis, antitoxins and ophthal- 
moscope, the stethoscope, the long war over the cadaver 
and the later one over duly controlled vivisection: — all 
these things and many more have widened the scope and 
increased the efficacy and therefore prolonged the period 
needful for preparation for your profession. In view of 



' Cordell, E. F. : Historical Sketch of the University of Maryland. FriedenwaJd 
Publ. Co., Baltimore, 1891, pp. 218. 

^ Steiner, B. C: University Education in Maryland. U. S. Bureau of Edu- 
cation. Contributed to Am. Educ. Hist. No. 19. 1894. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 135 

all this, it is no wonder that Billroth urged that the history 
of medicine should be taught in every university as a part 
of the world's culture history. But a stranger cannot do 
justice to your record or a layman to the progress of med- 
ical science, and so for the time allotted me I venture to 
invite your attention to a few points in the broad field of 
social therapeutics which are of common interest to the 
physician and the scientific psychologist. 

1. The first of these is the growing tendency to celi- 
bate life. From an exhaustive study of the statistics of 
the graduates of nine of our oldest colleges for men and 
of four for womxcn it appears, that ten years after gradua- 
tion about one-fourth of the m.en and one-half of the 
women remain unmarried.^ In our grandfathers' days 
marriage was early and was contracted joyfully, almost 
as a matter of course, but now not only in our land, but 
in every country of Western Europe, especially among 
those in easy circumstances, young m.en and women delay, 
deliberate, weigh the attractions of single and of wedded 
life, consider social and even pecuniary pros and cons till 
the golden dawn of youth advances to the high noon of 
maturity and in Herbert Spencer's phrase, "The motives 
that make for individuation become too strong for those 
that make for genesis. " The love of freedom, the desire 
to escape domestic responsibilities, club life, the increas- 
ing expense — all such m^otives should be as nothing to 
the fulfillment of the great laws of nature and of God. I 
am no advocate of most of the premature or unpractical 
measures that have been proposed, the taxation of bache- 
lors, Galton's scheme of endowing wedlock for those 
inclined and pronounced fit by a commission, or even of 
forbidding it to any considerable classes in the com.- 
munity, despite the lessons of the Jukes and the Bins- 

^ See Marriage and Fecundity of College Men and Women, by G. Stanley Hall 
and Dr. Theodate L. Smith, Pedagogical Seminary, 1903, Vol. X, p. 275, et seq. 



136 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

wangers, Margarets, Aubry's Kerangel family and the 
tribe of Ishmael, least of all of any fantastic and demoral- 
izing scheme of the trial marriage order, but I do maintain 
that every man without the handicap of grave hereditary 
disease and with even a comfortable wage should marry 
and that our girls should be trained for home life 
rather than to secretly nurse the ideals of single 
blessedness and to ape mannish ways, and that even 
those thus trained will thereby be best fitted for self- 
support, should that be their lot. If the cynical views 
of the wedded state, too rife in the press and in conver- 
sation, shake the healthful, instinctive faith that thus 
joys are doubled and troubles halved, then I would even 
urge that, as it is the citizen's duty to pay taxes and if 
able-bodied to take up arms if his country's Hfe is at stake, 
so wedlock is a social, patriotic and religious duty which 
it should be a point of honor not to shirk. I plead for no 
rejuvenated platonic state with a tribunal before which 
every vigorous man from thirty on must seek certificate 
of exemption, yet even this has been advocated by serious 
pubHcists in Europe, where more and better soldiers as 
well as toilers are wanted. I do not argue the case which 
many of our leading Cathohc brethren are now pleading 
at Rome, that the clergy be no longer forbidden, but 
should be encouraged to marry, for the state and the 
church both need the offspring such men would give to 
the world. When man has as fully domesticated himself 
by civiHzation as he has domesticated the animals he rears 
with such wisdom and care, the voice of the medical pro- 
fession will be heard upon this problem of the national 
and racial economy, for nothing in the world is quite so 
precious as heredity, and those with most ground for 
pride in their own ancestry should feel most keenly their 
obligations to transmit the sacred torch of hfe undimmed 
to future generations. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 137 

2. Close to this problem lies that of fecundity versus 
race suicide. President Eliot long ago showed that Har- 
vard graduates did not reproduce their own numbers, so 
that if all the sons they rear went to Harvard that insti- 
tution would decline 7 and the same is proven in the case 
of at least seven other Northern colleges and is true to a 
still greater degree of women graduates. In France, the 
birthrate has for a long time but little exceeded the rate 
of death, so that country is nearly at a stand still. For 
the white and for the native races throughout Austral- 
asia, the decline of birth is more rapid than in any other 
part of the world where such statistics are kept, although 
it has not yet quite reached the critical point of equi- 
librium. In England itself, which once stood near the 
head of all lands in fecundity, the progressive sterility 
is now so marked as to cause anxious forebodings, and 
medical and parliamentary commissions and various 
societies have been organized to study and to stem this 
downward tendency. In Italy, Russia and even in pro- 
lific Germany, the same decline is more or less pronounced, 
for the birthrate is tending toward the ominous ratio of 
twenty per thousand and various groups of learned, patri- 
otic and philanthropic men, organized and unorganized, 
are pondering the causes in our own country where so 
many official voices have spoken that eugenic clubs and 
Fabian societies are sure to be heard from here by the 
great public in the very near future. This tendency is 
most marked among the old families of New England, in 
the region of abandoned farms and their decadent, mori- 
bund stirps. Those most prolific in this country were 
themselves or their parents or grandfathers born in Europe. 
The most rapid increase is among the poorer classes and 
among those who inherited the promise of the great cove- 
nant of Jehovah with Abraham, that if they would do 
His will, their seed should be as the stars of heaven for 



138 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

multitude. Progressive sterility, Gibbon tells us, attended 
the decline and fall of ancient Rome, as it does the 
extinction of the many moribund stocks of primitive 
races. Sidney Webb marshals a mass of evidence to 
show that today the chief cause of this decline is " delib- 
erate volition, " and the late head of the Bureau of Statis- 
tics and Labor says that ''This cause has more effect in 
reducing our population than war, pestilence and all 
other causes combined." The old ideal of large families 
has given place to that of small ones, and that of early 
to that of late childbearing, so that as Chandler has shown, 
the intervals between generations is increasing, especially 
among the upper classes, while in the lower there is one 
generation more every two hundred years than am^ong 
the former. Bohannon" and others have described the 
pathos of the only child in a family, whose parents under 
the mistaken ideal expressed by the slogan uno sed leo, 
lavish upon one child all the care meant to be diffused 
upon many, in the effort to atone by nurture for the 
enfeeblement of nature and the thwarting of her deepest 
instincts. Heredity is not only the most precious and 
ancient form of all wealth and worth, but Huxley said 
that one ounce of it was worth a ton of education, and 
modern dramas and novels galore represent posterity as 
a great cloud of witnesses calling to us, demanding the 
right to be born and well born, with the desire to revere 
us as we revere our ancestors. The old families in miost 
States of the South, despite the hardships of the last 
generation and a half, have an enviable record compared 
with us of the old Yankee stock. It would be hard indeed 
for us if we descendants of the Puritans ever have to 
offer our morituri salutamus to you, the offspring of the 
cavaliers, but if that day ever dawns, we must admit that 

^ Bohannon, Eugene W. : The Only Child in the Family. Pedagogical Seminary. 
April, 1898, Vol. V, pp. 475-96. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 139 

it is you and not we who have inherited the great promise. 
For the real test of all the influences that make up civil- 
ization, as of domestication, is the producing and the 
bringing to fullest maturity of the best and most children. 
The fifteen hundred millions that people the earth today 
are but a handful to those who have lived, and also to 
those who shall crowd this teeming world when we are all 
dead, and the real struggle for existence today is the 
struggle whose offspring should inherit the world and 
wield the accumulated resources of civilization in the far 
future. 

3. But it is not enough to bear children; they must 
live and thrive. Amidst all the sin and woe of the world 
today, I know nothing more pathetic than the bitter 
cry of infants for milk, pure, fresh, abundant, and above 
all, natural. In England and Wales, where 120,000 
infants die each year, Newman^ has shown that deaths 
during the first year are about five times as nurrerous 
among children fed upon cow's milk or artificial and pro- 
prietary foods as among those that are breast-fed. Bunge's 
statistics show that in Berlin, despite the asservations of 
many physicians to the contrary, mortality is six tines 
as great among those not fed at the breast as am^ong 
those that are. In many cities of the Old and a few of 
the New World, comprehensive special studies point 
to the same result, so that it is a conservative state- 
ment to say that those artificially fed are from three 
to six times as likely to die before the age of two 
as those normally nourished. In Middle Europe, about 
one-half of the mothers are not able to nurse their 
children sufl&ciently during the first nine months of 
life and this sad proportion is increasing, and of 
Bunge's 1,629 cases, mothers taken at random, two- 
thirds were unable. Rose's statistics are m.ost compre- 

^Infant Mortality: a Social Problem. London, 1906. 



140 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

hensive. Out of 157,000 individuals in his tables, those 
nursed at the breast were not only more viable in the 
early stages of life, but they were heavier and taller at 
all ages. Far less were rejected as unavailable for the 
army and their longevity was greater. Not only this, 
but every three months of natural nursing increases each 
one of these advantages. So strong is German senti- 
ment upon this subject, that a law has been drafted, 
though not yet passed, heavily fining not only all mothers 
who can, but will not nurse their offspring, but also those 
who advise them not to do so. It is very difficult to 
determine the proportion between genuine inability and 
disinclination. There is a certain stage when the best 
mother is the best nurse and when everything in her life 
should be subordinated to this lacteal function. Without 
it not only physical but affectional motherhood is incom- 
plete in its higher qualities. A race that thus neglects 
posterity has already begun to decline, and even anthro- 
pometry shows that children thus handicapped in the 
earliest stage of their development suffer not only physi- 
cal, but mental and moral disadvantages throughout 
their lives. They are especially more prone to rickets 
and dental caries and to summer diarrhoeas, the mortality 
from which latter seems to be from twelve to eighteen 
times as great for those artificially fed. The power of 
adequate lactation, once lost by a mother, is rarely re- 
gained in her posterity. There is now a general consen- 
sus among experts who have given this subject most 
attention that the chief cause of this first stage of sterility 
is voluntary, and this ominous social danger of our day, 
which the limited statistics at hand indicate is greater 
in this country than in Europe, should be resisted by 
physicians by every m.eans at their disposal. 

This physiological separation from the mother at birth 
has often been compared in its effects to premature deliver- 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 141 

ery, and it is becoming a distinctive feature of civiliza- 
tion, for the savage mother has abundant milk and to 
spare. 

If infants of the future must be thus parted from their 
mothers and the maternal function be thus abridged and 
dwarfed, while our offspring become parasites of the cow 
or dependent upon proprietary foods which are of vege- 
table and not of animal origin, we must look well to the 
composition of the latter and to the control of the transit 
of the former at every stage from the cow to the infant's 
mouth. Organic chemistry is yet in its infancy and is 
far from being able to reproduce such very intricate com- 
pounds as the lacteal fluid, which even Bunge calls one 
of the most complex and marvelous of all the products of 
nature, containing in it everything that the body and 
soul of the child needs for the first year of life. Milk, as 
everyone knows, is subject to very many kinds of both 
pollution and infection and is a veritable trap for bac- 
teria. No pasteurization or sterilization, condensation 
or any other process can give it anywhere near the value 
of mother's milk, whatever physicians who have not fol- 
lowed these recent studies or who are too com.plaisant 
with their patient's inclinations may say. On the infant's 
side, too, all these substitutes for nature's provision are 
more easily imbibed with too little effort and are often 
too abundant, so that over-feeding is more liable, and the 
stomach, gorged with starchy food and with animal milk, 
with far too large a proportion of some ingredients and 
too little of others, readily becomes delicate and sen- 
sitive and the curve of mortality sometim.es strikes up- 
ward in the sultry days of August several scores of points 
on the percentage scale. We have learned to prolong the 
average length of Hfe among adults, have greatly lessened 
the death rate from various diseases, but infant mortaUty 
has not only not declined, but has slowly and steadily 



142 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

increased in all countries where such statistics are kept 
since the eighties of the last century. Thus, our infants 
cry and far too often die, for want of the food which 
nature has so marvelously prepared to meet their needs. 
You all know the new demands now urged upon many 
and accepted by some American cities of assuming as 
complete control of the milk as of the water supply, and 
not only putting it up in suitable quantities for each meal 
for each age, but giving it out at free public dispensaries 
to all who need and even providing nurses gratis to go 
about and teach its use, as well as the care of new-born 
infants generally. After weaning and during all the grow- 
ing years no food is probably more conducive to growth 
than an abundance of fresh cow's milk, and its adulter- 
ation or pollution is a crime without a name committed 
against childhood. The war for pure country milk in 
cities is spreading today over the whole civilized world, 
all the more that the human supply is failing, and it is 
now one of the most important problems of national health 
and prosperity. It should be one of the first items in the 
bill of rights for childhood. 

4. When the child begins to pass from the home to 
the street or school, it no less needs the care of the new 
higher social medicine. Urban Hfe is especially hard on 
childhood, which needs the country brought to it in play- 
grounds and parks:— and every possible sunny, grassy, 
sandy open space counts for increase of health and even 
life. If the very grave space of each needlessly dead city 
child were to be added to the play space of the living, 
there would soon be breathing room enough for exercises, 
games and gambols for all who survive. Do I go too far 
or speak rashly if I suggest that what a municipality does 
for the health of its children is now a good measure of 
the standing and the influence of the medical profession 
in it? Surely reduced Saturday and other holiday car- 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 143 

fares to suburbs and parks, with as much free play over 
the grass as it will bear (for to what higher use can a good 
lawn be put?), open school yards every daylight hour 
when school is not in session, simple pubhc out-of-door 
gymnastic apparatus and sand piles, the utihzation of 
all unused lots where population is densest, pubhc baths 
for children in summer and in winter, the opening of 
spacious private grounds to the children of the neighbor- 
hood at stated intervals, ample sheds where children can 
play in bad weather, roof playgrounds, creches and nur- 
series for young children of mothers away at work— all 
these and more are now institutions of the new religion of 
health of which the physician is priest. These installa- 
tions now bid fair to take their place beside lying-in and 
children's hospitals, orphans houses, institutions for defec- 
tives and so forth; and what in all the world is more 
worthy of love and service than the bodies and souls of 
the children who bear our name and will soon take our 
places in the world's work? 

The doctor now follows the child into the school and 
not only tests eyes and ears, looks for adenoids, anaemia, 
chlorosis, curvatures, measures and weighs, detects dul- 
lards and subnormals, perhaps has a tiny health book 
opened for each child, with the cooperation of parents 
and teachers, discovers infectious diseases in their early 
stages and removes those who are sources of contagion. 
He not only selects sites for school houses, roomy, high, 
well drained, provides sufficient lighting and heating, 
ventilation, but now studies with great detail mental 
economy in methods of teaching, suggests the length and 
hour of the day of the hardest lessons, helps to keep off 
strain, over-pressure and fatigue, and, in general, strives 
to make school buildings palaces of health and the cur- 
riculum a wholesome gymnastic exercise for strengthen- 
ing sound mentahty. The medical inspection of schools 



144 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

now extends in some places not only to every school room, 
but to every child, whether in day or evening school, and 
teacher and pupil no longer dread but welcome the phy- 
sician, and he no longer indulges in undiscriminating and 
wholesale criticism of schools as the chief cause of hygienic 
defects whether of individuals or in the community, and 
the parent welcomes his influence as it penetrates into the 
home. 

5. Lastly, at puberty and through adolescence, or 
from the dawn of the teens into the early twenties, another 
new field has lately opened rather suddenly before the 
physician, which may ere long become a specialty, as 
pediatrics has long been. The advent of this era is 
marked by all-sided mental and physical changes and 
there are new liabilities to disease and grave moral dangers 
unknown before. Dementia praecox, whatever else it is, 
is at least degeneration following arrest. The energies 
of growth are not sufficient for the full development which 
is due at this nascent period of man's higher life, when 
nature normally builds a new and splendid story upon 
the far older and simpler foundation of childhood. The 
church has treated this stage of life by the cult of con- 
firmation and conversion, and man is, indeed, born anew, 
for he now passes from the individual selfish fife into the 
large one of the race, and altruism and self-sacrifice are 
now normally at their very best. But the physician 
now has a wider and almost pastoral function to youth, 
to help keep them pure, to teach them that true honor is 
at bottom loyalty to the unborn, to shield them from the 
quacks that play upon this callow age with shameless 
advertisements which too many newspapers admit, to 
assuage the fears, often grave, but happily mostly, though 
not always, groundless, that sometimes sap the courage 
and zest of young men for years; fears that spring from 
ignorance and are removed by a little knowledge as by 
magic. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 145 

But finally, on an occasion like this, one can but barely 
hint of themes so vast and momentous for the public weal. 
Let us hope that medical science is today, despite all its 
achievements, only in its golden adolescent age of promise. 
If we judge of the future by the past, by the end of another 
century our most advanced knowledge will seem crude 
and most cherished ideals fainthearted. Because no 
profession rests so solidly upon the foundations of modern 
science, none has a better right to expect great things for 
itself in the future, and none can render such service in 
developing men of a higher type who will be able to 
realize high ideals in all departments of human life. 



146 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Prof. G. Stanley Hall's address was listened to with rapt 
attention. An educator of such eminence, who had been 
instructor and professor in the most renowned universi- 
ties of our country, who founded the first laboratory for 
experimental psychology in America, who founded the 
American Journal of Psychology, and who had the honorary 
degree of Doctor of Laws from four universities and the 
degree of Doctor of Philosophy from three different uni- 
versities, would naturally be Hstened to with intense inter- 
est on a subject which he had made the study of his life. 
When he had resumed his seat among the applause of the 
vast audience. Prof. Robert Leroy Haslup arranged the 
great throng of the Baltimore Choral Society and the 
Grand Orchestra for the rendition of Hemmeter's Choral 
Work, entitled "Hygeia." 

Hygeia — Composition for mixed chorus, tenor solo and 
grand orchestra. 

This composition is more specifically an Apotheosis on 
the Calling of Medicine. It has been performed in New 
York, Washington and Baltimore. At the Nation's 
Capitol it was sung by the Washington Sangerbund, on 
March 21, 1904. Its first performance, however, was at 
the meeting of the American Medical Association in 
Baltimore, in May 1895. (See the Doctors' Recreation 
Series, edited by Ina Russelle Warren, and William Pepper, 
Vol. on " Poems by the Doctor, for the Doctor and About 
the Doctor, The Saalfield PubHshing Company, 1904, pp. 
219 and 286.) It has been the subject for editorials of 
the prominent m.edical journals of our country (See New 
York Medical Journal, March 30, 1896, Article entitled 
"Medicine and Music") The composition is in modern 
classical style, and whilst it immediately catches the 
listener by its effective harmonies, it does not lack that 
impressive massiveness which should be characteristic 
of all academic music. The orchestration to this compo- 



Group of Five Candidates upon Whom the Degree of Doctor 

OP Laws, Honoris Causa, was Conferred, at the 

Academic Ceremonies of May 31 



cCT 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 147 

sition is also one characterized by richness and melodi- 
ousness. Between the first and second part of the chorus 
there is a tenor solo which was sung by Mr. Frederick H. 
Weber, a distinguished artist of Baltimore. The first 
and second parts of the chorus are connected by an 
orchestral composition in which the voices take no part; 
then the solo tenor and the chorus in mutual response 
enter in a fugue-like movement which gradually leads up 
to an impressive climax with which the composition 
terminates. The words of the composition, which are 
also by the Composer, are as follows : 



Hail to all Aesculapians, the Nations bond enfolds 

And to all good companions, whom friendship's union holds; 

Hygeia ! Grant thy blessing to all whom we adore, 

And with thy healing wisdom guide thou us evermore. 

From silent forest flowing thy healing water pour. 
Refreshing all that's growing and aiding life endure. 
And as the meadows languish for blessed rain, so we 
When suff'ring, in our anguish, Hygeia sigh for thee. 

When we are weak and ailing, let thou us not despair, 
With succor never failing bring hope and comfort fair. 
O thou benignant mother of health and strength and might. 
Bring brother near to brother in knowledge, truth and right. 

BESTOWAL OF HONORARY DEGREES. 

Although possessed with the authority to grant honorary 
degrees since 1812, the University of Maryland has exer- 
cised this function very sparingly. The degree of Doctor 
of Medicine honoris causa has been conferred a number 
of times, the first in'1818 and the last at the recent com- 
mencement. In 1825 the degree of M.D. honoris 
causa was conferred on Ephraim McDowell, the father 
of ovariotomy, and incidentally of abdominal surgery, 
whose name and fame thus to a certain extent became 
linked with that of this University. 



148 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

The degree of LL.D. was first bestowed upon the 
illustrious Marquis de LaFayette in 1824, upon the 
occasion of his visit to this city at that time, and only 
four times subsequently until 1907, the recipients having 
been Hons. John P. Kennedy, Reverdy Johnson, George 
W. Dobbin and William Pinkney Whyte, late United 
States Senator from Maryland, men of great distinction 
and profound learning. 

It was thus in keeping with the prior custom of bestow- 
ing degrees only upon men worthy to be thus honored by 
the University that a number of honorary degrees were 
added to the Hst already given. A detailed description 
of the introduction of the candidates to receive these 
degrees by those who proposed them is given below. 

The Honorary Degrees conferred and those receiving 
them follow in order. 

Master of Arts — Eugene F. Cordell and B. Merrill 
Hopkinson, Baltimore; Richard L. Simpson, Richmond, 
Va. 

Doctor of Pharmacy — Charles E. Dohme, John F. Han- 
cock and Henry P. Hynson, Baltimore. 

Doctor of Medicine — Thomas C. Gilchrist, Baltimore. 

Doctor of Science — ^Alexander C. Abbott and Charles P. 
Noble, Philadelphia; J. Homer Wright, Boston; J. Ford 
Thompson, Isaac S. Stone and Henry D. Fry, Washing- 
ton, D. C. ; Henry J. Berkley, J. Whitridge WilUams and 
Nathaniel G. Keirle, Baltimore. 

Doctor of Laws — William T. Councilman and WiUiam 
T. Porter, Boston ; Simon Flexner and S. J. Meltzer, New 
York; G. Stanley JHall, Worcester, Mass, ; Francis L. 
Patton, Princeton; James McSherry, Frederick, Md.; 
James Carroll and Walter Wyman, Washington, D. C; 
WiUiam J. Mayo, Rochester, Minn.; William T. Howard 
and Samuel C. Chew, Baltimore; C. A. Ewald, BerUn. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 149 

Doctor of Sacred Theology — Luther B. Wilson, Balti- 
more. 

At the conferring of Honorary Degrees, Dr. Thomas 
Fell, as Vice-Chancellor, addressed the assembly as fol- 
lows : 

"It has been an ancient custom for universities on 
festal days to honor men of learning by the bestowal of 
personal tokens of admiration, in recognition of their 
achievements in the field of Literature, Art, Science or 
Theology. In conformity with this usage, the Regents 
of the University of Maryland, desiring to place upon the 
honor roll of this University the names of certain distin- 
guished men, have caused a mandate to be issued, directing 
that on this occasion degrees honoris causa be conferred 
upon those whose names will now be presented to the 
Chancellor one by one. 

"Mr. Chancellor, I have the honor and privilege to 
present three of those who are named in this mandate of 
the Regents as worthy of special honor, and to ask that 
they be admitted to the degree of Master of Arts. 

"Dr. Eugene F. Cordell, the author of the Centennial 
Ode, and historian of the University, to whom is owed 
the inspiration for this Centennial Celebration, and who, 
during his lifelong association with the University, has 
done much to forward its interests. The degree is con- 
ferred in recognition of his high scholarship and literary 
ability. 

"Dr. B. Merrill Hopkinson, who has done much to 
stimulate and arouse the enthusiasm of the Alumni of the 
University and who has, at all times, maintained a high 
reputation for scholarly excellence in various branches 
of learning and art. 



150 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

"Dr. Richard Simpson, who has attained a high degree 
of skill in his profession, which the University desires to 
stamp with its approval." 

In introducing Messrs. Dohme, Hancock and Hynson 
for the degree of Phar.D., Professor Caspari, of the Board 
of Regents, spoke as follows : 

"Mr. Chancellor, I have the honor to present three of 
those men who have been deemed worthy of special honor 
by the Regents, and who have been named in their man- 
date, and I respectfully ask that they be admitted to the 
degree of Doctor of Pharmacy honoris causa. 

" Charles Emile Dohme, graduate of the Maryland Col- 
lege of Pharmacy, Class of 1862, who has devoted the 
greater part of his life to laboratory work pertaining to 
manufacturing pharmacy, resulting in numerous and 
valuable improvements in chemical preparations. 

"John Francis Hancock, graduate of the Maryland 
College of Pharmacy, Class of 1860 ; for the past forty-odd 
years a staunch advocate of ethical pharmacy, contribut- 
ing to its literature and scientific research. 

" Henry Parr Hynson, graduate of the Maryland College 
of Pharmacy, Class of 1877, who for thirty years has been 
an enthusiastic advocate of ethical pharmacy, and since 
1900 an earnest and successful instructor .in the depart- 
ment of pharmacy in this University." 

In introducing Dr. Thomas Caspar Gilchrist, Professor 
R. Dorsey Coale said: 

Mr. Chancellor: In the name of the Regents of this 
University, I have the honor to propose Thomas C. Gil- 
christ for the degree of Doctor of Medicine honoris causa. 
He is a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Eng- 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND -^^^ 



land, and has the degree of Bachelor in Medicine from 
the University of London. In acknowledgment of his 
abihties as a teacher and his valuable contributions to 
Dermatology, his name is proposed for the academic dis- 
tinction above mentioned. 

In introducing Drs. Chas. P. Noble and I. S. Stone, 
Professor Thomas Ashby, of the Regents, said: 

"It gives me great pleasure to present for the degree 
of Doctor of Science, Dr. Charles Percy Nohle, of Phila- 
delphia, and Dr. Isaac Scott Stone, of Washington. These 
gentlemen are graduates of the Medical Department ot 
the University, and each has won honorable distinction 
as a teacher, author and clinician." 

Professor Charles W. Mitchell next proceeded to the 
seat of the chancellor and calhng the names of J. Homer 
Wright, of Boston; Alexander C. Abbott, of Philadelphia, 
and Henry J. Berkley, of Baltimore, these three candi- 
dates rose from their seats and faced him. Thereupon 
Professor Mitchell said: 

Mr Chancellor, In the name of the Regents ot the 
University of Maryland, I have the honor to propose for 
the degree of Doctor of Science honoris causa the names 
of three distinguished alumni of this University, namely, 
J. Homer Wright, Associate Professor of Pathology at 
Harvard University, who has earned a national reputa- 
tion for his momentous researches and contributions to 
pathology. 

Alexander C. Ahhott, alumnus Medical Department of 

1884 now Professor of Bacteriology and Hygiene m the 

University of Pennsylvania; Health Officer of the City of 

Philadelphia, author of a scholarly work on bacteriology. 

Henry J. Berkley, of Baltimore, author of research work 

of great merit concerning the finer anatomy of the central 



152 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

nervous system and more particularly of the finer termin- 
ations of the nerve fibers through the organs and tissues 
of the body. His work on Psychiatry has met with the 
approval of foreign authorities on this subject. 

In introducing Drs. Henry D. Fry and John W. WilUams 
for honorary degrees Prof. L. Ernest Neale spoke as 
follows : 

"Your Excellency, I have the honor to present two 
gentlemen who have been deemed worthy of special 
honor by the Regents, and whose names appear upon their 
list, and in accordance with their mandate, recommend 
that they be admitted to the degree of Doctor of Science 
honoris causa. Both of these gentlemen are graduates 
of this University and both have ably proven themselves 
worthy sons of such a worthy parent. In order of senior- 
ity I first present Dr. Henry D. Fry, of Washington, 
D. C, well known as an eminent specialist, and also by his 
valuable contributions to medical literature and science. 
The second gentleman is Dr. John W. Wilhams, of Balti- 
more, Md. Dr. Wilhams is a well-known speciahst in the 
Medical Department of the Johns Hopkins University, a 
contributor to medical science and an author of national 
reputation." 

In introducing Chief Judge James McSherry, of the 
Maryland Court of Appeals, Prof. John [Prentiss Poe, of 
the Board of Regents, said: 

" In 1869 it was my privilege to move the admission of 
James McSherry to the Bar of the Court of Appeals. He 
was then a very young man, but young as he was he had 
already made a strong impression upon the Bench and Bar 
of his circuit. In 1887 he was made Chief Judge of his 
circuit, and as such became a member of the Court of 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 153 

Appeals. Since 1896 he has been the Chief Judge of that 
high tribunal — our State Court of last resort in Maryland. 

"During the twenty years of his judicial career^ he 
has worthily won his right to take rank with the best and 
most distinguished of our judges, and in the exercise of 
his functions as Chief Judge of our highest court, by com- 
mon consent he stands fully abreast of the ablest of his 
predecessors. He is profoundly learned in all the branches 
of his profession, the cases which he is called on to con- 
sider and decide embracing in their wide range and scope 
nearly every subject of forensic controversy. 

^'His extraordinary diligence and capacity for long- 
continued and thorough investigation are now proverbial 
in Maryland and he brings to the examination of the 
large and complicated questions constantly submitted to 
him a mental vigor and grasp that extort admiration and 
praise. His established reputation as a jurist of great 
ability and wide and diversified attainments in his pro- 
fession call for generous and emphatic recognition and the 
Regents name him most heartily for the Honorary Degree 
of Doctor of Laws. 

" To our great sorrow he is at this time confined to his 
home by a distressing illness, so that it is absolutely 
impossible for him to appear in person and receive the 
mark of distinction which we wish to confer upon him, 
but we all agree that it be conferred upon him in absentia 
and request that you will direct the diploma to be for- 
warded to him." 

In introducing President Granville Stanley Hall, of 
Clark University, Worcester, Mass., Mr. Poe said: 

^Conspicuous amongst the most accomplished educa- 
tors of the age, his work as a most learned and cultivated 
Professor of Psychology found fitting appreciation in his 
call, some years ago, from a Chair of Psychology in 



154 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Johns Hopkins University which he dignified and adorned, 
to the Presidency of Clark University. This position of 
commanding influence he still occupies with the most dis- 
tinguished ability and success." 

In introducing President Francis Landey Patton, of 
Princeton, Mr. Poe said: 

" For many years the honored and admired President of 
Princeton University, he is now the revered and beloved 
President of Princeton Theological Seminary. 

"Justly distinguished for profound and diversified 
learning, he adds to the graces of the most extensive 
culture a marvelous power of keen logical analysis and a 
beauty and force of rhetorical expression seldom found in 
harmonious combination. As a reasoner, theologian and 
pulpit orator he stands in the very foremost rank of 
scholars and divines and is everywhere recognized as a 
man of extraordinary power in all the high qualities and 
endowments that command admiration and homage. 

"We honor ourselves in honoring him." 

The following were Mr. Poe's remarks in presenting 
Dr. William Travis Howard: 

"For more than thirty years William Travis Howard 
was one of the most eminent of the Faculty of Physic of 
the University of Maryland. He is a physician and sur- 
geon of great originality and skill, thoroughly familiar with 
the best learning and literature of his profession and the 
constant upholder of its loftiest ideals. 

" His former associates on the Board of Regents, recall- 
ing with gratitude and admiration his long, laborious and 
distinguished services, and his large share in maintaining 
and advancing the honor and fame of the University, 
gladly avail themselves of this occasion to present him 
for the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws, to which he is 
justly entitled by his acknowledged professional eminence 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 155 

and the culture and scholarship by which he has made his 
professional distinction the more conspicuous and attrac- 
tive.'' 

On presenting Dr. Samuel Claggett Chew, Mr. Poe said : 

"Upon the death, in 1864, of his accomplished and 
lamented father, Prof. Samuel Chew, whose memory is 
still held in highest honor as one of the most learned of 
the long line of eminent men, who from the beginning of 
its work, one hundred years ago, have shed lustre upon 
the School of Medicine of the University, Samuel Claggett 
Chew was elected a professor in the Faculty of Physic. 
During all these intervening years he has dedicated him- 
self with constantly increasing zeal and power to the study 
and practice of his profession and to the discharge of his 
important duties as one of the most learned and gifted 
members of the Faculty. 

" During a professorship of forty-three years thousands 
of students have had the benefit of his luminous and com- 
prehensive instruction and now, with a mind of great 
original force enriched by the invaluable stores of a wide 
and diversified experience and strengthened by assiduous 
cultivation and ripe scholarship, he still invigorates the 
University by the fruits of his high character, matured 
wisdom and unusual attainments. 

" Making an exception in his case, because of his peculiar 
claims to honorary distinction, to their determination not 
to present for an honorary degree any of their own num- 
ber, his colleagues in the Board of Regents with hearty 
and affectionate unanimity commission me to present him 
to you for the degree of Doctor of Laws as a just recogni- 
tion of long years of most admirable and successful work 
cheerfully done by him for his Alma Mater, to whose high 
rank amongst the Universities of the country he has so 
largely contributed." 



156 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

On presenting Drs. N. G. Keirle, J. Ford Thompson, 
Wm. J. Mayo and James Carroll, Professor Randolph 
Winslow said: 

"I have the honor to present two of those whom the 
Regents have deemed worthy of special distinction, and 
whose names are mentioned in their mandate. Dr. 
Nathaniel Garland Keirle, of Baltimore, and Dr. Joseph 
Ford Thompson, of Washington, D. C, and request that 
the honorary degree of Doctor of Science be conferred 
upon them. 

"Dr. Nathaniel Garland Keirle graduated from the 
Medical Department of this University in 1858 and has 
passed his life in this city, in the pursuit of his profession. 
He has held a professorial chair in the College of Phj^si- 
cians and Surgeons of Baltimore for many years, but it is 
as the Director of the Pasteur Institute of this city that 
he has attained his greatest usefulness, and achieved his 
highest reputation. By his successful treatment of those 
bitten by rabid animals he has proved him^self a veritable 
bulwark of this and neighboring communities against 
that dread disease, rabies; and I take great pleasure in 
presenting him for the degree of Doctor of Science. 

" Dr. Joseph Ford Thompson graduated from the Med- 
ical Department of this University in 1857 and has recently 
celebrated the 50th anniversary of his graduation. He is 
distinguished as a surgeon and as the Professor of Surgery 
for many j^ears in Columbian, now George Washington 
Universit}^, of Washington, D. C. He is unfortunately 
unable to be present on this occasion and I request that 
the degree of Doctor of Science he conferred on him in 
absentia. 

"I have the honor to present two of those whom the 
Regents have deemed worthy of special distinction, and 
whose names are inscribed in their mandate, and request 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 



157 



that the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws be conferred 
upon them. 

" The name of one of these gentlemen will be recognized 
at once in this or any other community where rational 
medicine is taught and practiced, Dr. William James 
Mayo, of Rochester, Minn., at this time President of the 
American Medical Association. Dr. Mayo is a surgeon of 
world-wide renown, and is second to none in this or any 
other country. I have great pleasure in presenting him 
for the degree of Doctor of Law^s. 

" I have great pleasure, and I may say a melancholy 
pleasure, in presenting the name of Major James Carroll, 
U. S. A., as a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Laws 
as he is languishing on a bed of sickness and is unable to 
be present. Dr. Carroll graduated from the Medical 
Department of this University in 189L He entered the 
Army as a private and has recently, by a special act of 
Congress, for services of extraordinary merit, been pro- 
moted to the rank of Major in the Medical Department of 
the Army. His work as a member of the IT. S. Army 
Yellow Fever Commission, by means of which the dis- 
covery that yellow fever is propagated by the bites of 
infected stegomyia mosquitoes, and not by contagion, was 
demonstrated, is of an epoch-making character and will 
take rank with the discovery of the protective power 
of vaccination against smallpox by the immortal Jenner. 
Dr. Carroll permitted himself to be bitten by an infected 
mosquito, and contracted yellow fever therefrom, and 
barely escaped with his life. His name will always be a 
land-mark in the history of medicine. I ask that the 
degree of Doctor of Laws be conferred on him in absentia." 

Prof. John C. Hemmeter next arose and said : 
"In the name of the Regents of the University of 
Maryland, it is my pleasure to propose to you a man, who 



158 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

is an ornament to the public scientific service of our 
national government, General Walter Wyman, Supervis- 
ing Surgeon-General, U. S. Marine Hospital Service. He 
is an authority on and influential promoter of public 
hygiene in the U. S. Marine Hospital Service, a depart- 
ment of government of the highest standing, that extends 
its benefits and investigations to every part of our 
country and colonies, securing for all an accurate knowl- 
edge of the defenses against invasion by disease, and the 
maintenance of correct sanitation. The chief of this far- 
reaching work is a physician and scholar, whose adminis- 
trative duties have not prevented his strong personal 
devotion to scientific research. He originated and estab- 
lished sanitoria and hygienic laboratories in different parts 
of our country and in the colonies; chairman of the 
"Yellow Fever Institute;" author of many valuable 
publications on sanitation and public health, and adminis- 
trator of the rarest executive ability. I have the honor 
to present General Walter Wyman for the degree of Doctor 
of Laws. 

" In the name of the Regents of the University of Mary- 
land I have the honor to propose for the same degree the 
name of Samuel James Meltzer, natural philosopher, clini- 
cian and author of Physiologic Research of enduring excel- 
lence. His investigations on and discoveries in the normal 
processes of life have caused his name to be enrolled in 
the Usts of the learned academies and associations of this 
country, he himself being the founder of the Society for 
Experimental Biology and Medicine, of New York. His 
achievements have been valuable for the explanation of 
the cause and also for the relief of human suffering, and 
have commanded the admiration of all subsequent 
workers in the same field in every land, who acknowledge 
him as an investigator of penetrating thoroughness. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 159 

" I have the honor to propose William Thomas Council- 
man for the degree of Doctor of Laws. Dr. Councilman 
is an alumnus of this University, a native of Baltimore, 
formerly professor at the University of Maryland and 
Johns Hopkins University, now Professor of Pathology 
at Harvard University, Boston. An inspiring teacher, 
master of pathology, whose researches are of enduring 
excellence and represent on man 3^ subjects of abnormal life, 
pioneer contributions, not only in this country, but pioneer 
for the world. One of the men not seen by the outer world, 
but who has looked deeply into the fundamental laws of 
life. 'II maestro di color che sanno/ as Dante said of 
Aristotle, ^A master among those that know.' 

" I now have the honor to present for the brotherhood 
of scholarship the name of William Townsend Porter, 
Professor of Physiology of Harvard University, Boston. 
A physiologist and research worker of international 
renown; master disciplinarian and inspiring teacher on 
the normal processes of life, whose works constitute an 
enduring monument to American physiologic science. 
By direction of the Regents of the University of Mary- 
land I have the pleasure to nominate Dr. Porter for the 
degree of Doctor of Laws. 

"Simon Flexner, Director of the Rockefeller Institute 
for Medical Research in New York; editor of the Journal 
of Experimental Medicine; formerly Professor of Pathology 
at the University of Pennsylvania, and Associate Pro- 
fessor in the Johns Hopkins University. A profound 
investigator of both the normal and abnormal conditions 
of life. A brilliant scholar, who has traveled the globe in 
search for the causes of disease. An ornament to Amer- 
ican medicine and skilled organizer, with keen insight into 
the problems of life. A man whom we would heartily 
welcome back again as a teacher in any one of our great 



160 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Maryland institutions. I have the honor to propose Dr. 
Flexner for the degree of Doctor of Laws." 

After the preceding degrees had been conferred, Dr. 
Fell arose and said: 

"I have the honor and privilege to present another of 
those who are named in this mandate of the Regents as 
worthy of special honor, and to ask that he may be 
admitted to the degree of Doctor of Sacred Theology, the 
Right Reverend Luther B. Wilson, Bishop of the Metho- 
dist Episcopal Church, a scholar of distinguished and 
varied accomphshments. He originally graduated from 
Dickinson College in 1875 v/ith the Degree of Bachelor 
of Arts; later he pursued a course in medicine at the 
University of Maryland and attained the degree of Doctor 
of Medicine; then determining to enter the ministry, he 
studied theology and has been honored with the degree 
of Doctor of Divinity by Dickinson College. He is a 
Bishop of the M. E. Church. The University of Mary- 
land desires to honor him in recognition of his ability 
and general culture, and for his earnest efforts to pro- 
mote the intellectual and spiritual advancement of those 
associated with him." 

Immediately after the conferring of the last honorary 
degree, the orchestra rendered Handel's Largo, and 
thereafter the audience arose to receive the Benediction 
of the Right Reverend Wilham Paret, D.D. Bishop of 
Maryland, and then adjourned amidst the magnificent 
music of Wagner's prelude to the Third Act of " Lohen- 
grin." 

It had been decided to confer the honorary degree of 
Doctor of Laws upon Geheimer Rath, Prof. Carl Anton 
Ewald, of the University of Berlin, during the exercises 
of this morning. Unfortunately Professor Ewald was 



Three Candidates upon whom the Degree op Doctor of Laws, Honoris 

Cadsa, was Conferred and Two Candidates upon whom the Degree 

OP Doctor of Science, Honoris Causa, was Conferred 



itiHc; - ^ c:pTjA(iifR^f!|(,pFT.ciwA.-ajp_fpa;|VLoO ■' 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 161 

prevented from being present owing to a death in his 
family which occurred on the eve of his departure from 
BerUn. But as the Regents had decided not to confer 
this degree in absentia no action was taken until the 
evening of the same day, the Regents having had a rapid 
understanding to make an exception in the case of Prof. 
C. A. Ewald. He was accordingly proposed by Prof. 
J. C. Hemmeter during the Banquet at the Lyric Music 
Hall on the evening of May 31. 

THE ACADEMIC BANQUET ON MAY 31, AT THE 
LYRIC MUSIC HALL, REUNION OF ALUMNI. 

" Ecce quam bonum, et quam jucundum habitare fratres in unum." (Psalm 
CXXXIII, I.) 

With these beautiful words: ' 'Behold, how good and 
how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity," 
a quartet of the ablest singers in the City of Baltimore, 
led by Dr. B. Merrill Hopkinson, initiated the great 
academic banquet on the evening of Friday, May 31. 

The Banquet Committee, of which Dr. G. Lane Taney- 
hill was Chairman, had labored diligently for six months 
in preparation of this feast of the Alumni and guests of 
the Regents of the University of Maryland. Before these 
gentlemen were conducted to the large concert hall of 
the Lyric, which on the sam.e morning had been the scene 
of one of the most impressive academic ceremonies ever 
held in Maryland, they met in the smaller or reception hall 
of the Lyric. Here the master minds representing many 
of our most illustrious institutions of learning, met and 
were arranged into a procession by the Chairman of the 
Banquet Committee and his aides. Not only educators. 
University presidents, professors and men distinguished 
in science were there, but many jurists of national repu- 
tation, judges of the Supreme Bench, the Governor and 



162 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

principal officials of the State, the Mayor and officials of 
the municipal government. Senator WilUam Pinkney 
Whyte, United States Senator I. Rayner, Hon. Charles 
J. Bonaparte, the Marylander at present in the President's 
Cabinet as Attorney General of the United States. 

The great joy of the festival of that morning was still 
in their hearts, but soon the solemnity gave way to 
unrestrained cordiaUty and good cheer. After the gravity 
and classical character of the exercises of the same m^orn- 
ing, the general light character of the addresses of the 
evening was heartily appreciated. 

The Baltimore Sun and Baltimore American of June 
1 state that more than five hundred Alumni and distin- 
guished guests of the University of Maryland were seated 
at the banquet table. The following is a copy of the 
menu and programme : 

1807 CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY 1907 

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 
BANQUET 

BY THE 

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 

IN COMMEMORATION OF ITS 

ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 

THE LYRIC 

Baltimore, Maryland 

Friday, May 31, 1907 

7.30 p.m. 

TOASTS 
Hon. Jno. Prentiss Poe, LL.D., Toast Master. 

The President op the United States, Hon. Charles J. Bonaparte, 

Attorney-General of the United States 

The State of Maryland, His Excellency, Governor Edwin Warfield 

The City of Baltimore, His Honor, J. Barry Mahool, Mayor 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 163 

Our Guests. 

The University of Maryland Hon. Henry D-lHarlan. 

Our Alumni, Hon. William Cabell Bruce. 

Our Centennial Prof. Joh?i C. Hemmeter, Ph.D., LL.D. 

Woman Folger McKinsey, Esq. 

MUSICAL NUMBERS 

March My Maryland Itzel 

Overture The Merry Wives of Windsor Nicolai 

Selection M'lle Modiste Herbert 

Waltz Wine, Woman and Song Straus 

Cornet Solo " Selected 



MR. ARTHUR MILLER 

Medley Reminiscences of the South Boetger 

Fanfare Gallants of Maryland Hemmeter 

Overture Zampa Herol 

Selection Robin Hood De Koven 

March En Avant Gungle 



Musical Director, Prof. John Itzel. 

Centennial of the University of Maryland 
May 30 to June 2, inclusive 

John C. Hemmeter, M.D., Phil. D., LL.D. 

Chairman Committee of Regents. 

B. Merrill Hopkinson, A.M. M.D., Secretary. 

committee on banquet 

G. Lane Taneyhill, M.D., Chairman 

Henry M. Wilson, M.D. Thomas Fell, LL.D. 

D. M. R. Culbreth, A.M. M.D. T. O. Heatwolb, DD.S. 

J. P. GoRTER, LL.B. Arthur M. Shipley, M.D. 

Charles Caspari, Jr., Phar.D. John Houff, M.D. 

H. H. Biedler, M.D. E. F. Kelly, Phar.D. 

H. P. Hynson, Phar.D. Isaac H. Davis, D.D.S. 

Charles E. Sadtler, M.D, C. V. Mathews, D.D.S. 

A. D. McConachie, M.D. Walton H. Grant, A.B. 



164 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

The Banquet Committee had met the necessities and 
emergencies of the occasion with such rare executive 
abihty that there was not a moment's hitch in the entire 
performances of the evening. Not one of the five hundred 
and seventeen banqueters had any difficulty in finding 
his seat at one of the long beautiful tables. When all 
were seated Dr. G. Lane Taneyhill, in a graceful address, 
transferred the guidance of affairs to the President of the 
Banquet, Prof. John Prentiss Poe. When this brilliant 
and versatile jurist assumed command at the head of the 
principal table, every one of the banqueters felt convinced 
that the guidance of affairs was in a master's hand. 

Professor John Prentiss Poe, LL.D., is so identified 
with the history of the State of Maryland, its history not 
only in political affairs, but its history in all affairs apper- 
taining to law, education and general scholarship, that 
he can be considered a manof national reputation. Under 
the guidance of a man of such rare moral and intellectual 
force, who had received the degree of Doctor of I^aws 
from his Alma Mater, Princeton University, the banquet 
was a most felicitous occasion. 

All of the distinguished scholars who had received 
honorary degrees on the same morning were guests of the 
University, and seated about the various beautifully 
decorated tables. The same grand orchestra which had 
given such a highly meritorious performance of the various 
classical composers during the morning, was seated on the 
great stage, and its renditions were characterized by the 
same high degree of musical ability as during the morning 
ceremonies. Some of the numbers were produced under 
the direction of two Alumni, namely Dr. B. Merrill Hop- 
kinson and Prof. John C. Hemmeter. 

The following account of this academic banquet is 
taken from the Baltimore Sun of June 1, 1907: 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 165 

ALUMNI AT FEAST. 

SONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND HONOR THEIR ALMA MATER. 

LYRIC SCENE OF BEAUTY. 

MR. BONAPARTE WELCOMES ANOTHER CENTURY OF SUCCESS. 



GOVERNOR PROUD OF THE PAST. 



STATE S EXECUTIVE TELLS OF HER DEBT TO THE INSTITUTION OF 
LEARNING. MAYOR MAHOOL LAUDS BALTIMORE'S PROGRES- 
SIVE SPIRIT. 

More than 500 alumni and distinguished friends of the University 
of Maryland cheered and sang themselves hoarse last night at the big 
banquet at the Lyric to commemorate the university's centenary. 
Maryland songs were on their lips and every mention of the State 
or of the glorious old institution which has just rounded out a cen- 
tury of usefulness was hailed with acclaim. 

One would have believed the university was 100 years young by the 
way her sons sang the praises of their alma mater. Venerable men 
hobnobbed with beardless youths over the banquet table, each eager 
to tell the rest of the "good old days" in field and classroom. 

APPLAUSE FOR "MARYLAND MY MARYLAND." 

The playing of ''Dixie" by Itzel's Orchestra, which was stationed 
on the big stage, was the signal for pandemonium. The guests and 
subscribers, 517 strong, rose as one man and cheered. Napkins were 
waved aloft and the old Confederate yell was raised by many a veteran 
of hard-fought fields. 

Governor Warfield led the applause when the orchestra struck up 
"Maryland, My Maryland, "and it was of several minutes' duration. 
The University's guests, too, caught up the refrain and joined with 
the men of the Old Line State. 

WORDS OF CHEER. 

Maryland's most distinguished men were upon the toast list, and 
as each paid a glad and reverent tribute to the University he was 
applauded to the echo. The toasts were spirited and calculated to 
stir the pride of college men in the name of the institution on whom 
they help to shed luster. 

The following toasts were responded to: 

"The President of the United States," Attorney General Bonaparte. 



166 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

"The State of Maryland," Governor Warfield. 

"The City of Baltimore," Mayor Mahool. 

"Our Guests," Hon. Wm. Pinkney Whyte, Rev. Dr. Francis L. 

Patton, Dr. Wm. S. Thayer. 

"The University of Maryland," Judge Henry D. Harlan. 

"Our Alumni," City Solicitor William Cabell Bruce. 

"Our Centennial," Prof. John C. Hemmeter. 

"Woman," Mr. Folger McKinsey. 

At the close of the dinner Prof. John C. Hemmeter announced that 
the honorary degree of doctor of laws had been conferred on Prof. C. 
A. Ewald, of the Poyal University of Berlin. Dr. Ewald was to have 
attended the centennial to have the degree bestowed upon him, but 
the sudden death of his mother prevented. Professor Hemmeter 
made the nomination. 

ODE TO WOMAN 

The banqueters were treated to a surprise when Mr. Folger McKin- 
sey, "the Bentztown Bard," read a poem in his response to the toast 
"Woman." It at once caught the fancy of those about the snowy 
tables, and at its close the applause was deafening. 

THE DECORATIONS 

Maroon and black, the colors of the University, were the basis of 
the color scheme, carried out to such an effect that the big hall was 
a bower of beauty. About the balcony was a background of solid 
white, on which shields and devices were displayed. American flags 
and those of the State were elaborately used in the decorations. 
Against the front of the balcony on the north side of the room was the 
great seal of the University of Maryland, and on the sides, draped with 
American flags, were the devices "1807" and "1907." A big Ameri- 
can shield was depicted on the left of the stage, and on the right hung 
the Stars and Stripes. 

Festoons of red, white and blue lights were swung by green stream- 
ers from the chandelier in the center to the balcony, and helped to 
make the place more beautiful. 

During the afternoon a cablegram had been received 
from Geheimer Rath, Prof. Carl Anton Ewald, of the Uni- 
versity of Berhn. During a hurriedly arranged meeting 
the Regents had unanimously decided to confer the degree 
of Doctor of Laws (honoris causa) upon Prof. Ewald in 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 167 

absentia, and Professor Poe in calling the assemblage 
to order, announced that Professor Hemmeter would 
nominate this distinguished German scientist for this 
degree. Professor Hemmeter then addressed the meeting 
in the followdng words: 

Mr. President and Gentlemen: 

It is a great pleasure to me to be the agent of the Regents 
of this University, in an effort to make good an apparent 
neglect of this morning. It is one of the regulations of 
this University never to confer an honorary degree in the 
absence of the candidate; but in the case of Prof. C. A. 
Ewald of the University of BerHn the Regents have thought 
it wise to make an exception for several very good rea- 
sons. Professor Ewald was on his way to attend this 
celebration, and had engaged his berth on the North 
German-Lloyd hner ' 'Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse," when he 
was unfortunately detained by a death in his immediate 
family. He has cabled the regretful news to me several 
times during the last forty-eight hours. 

This man is one of the most prominent scientists and 
scholars of Germany. He is a master clinician whose con- 
tributions to medicine are of enduring excellence. He 
comes of a family of scholars, one of the most distinguished 
of his relatives being Prof. J. R. Ewald, the Professor 
of Physiology at the Imperial University of Strassburg, 
whose original researches will serve as beacon lights to 
future investigations. Prof. Carl Anton Ewald is the 
author of several works on subjects relating to clinical 
medicine, particularly a volume on diseases of the stomach, 
and another on diseases of the intestines. He is the author 
of another highly meritorious work on diseases of the 
thyroid gland, myxosdema and cretinism. He is editor of 
the Berliner klinische Wochenschrift. On the occasion of 
his sixtieth birthday, in 1905, a specially enlarged festival 



168 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

edition of this German medical journal was filled by arti- 
cles of original research, contributed by his pupils the 
world over. His works on diseases of digestion have 
been translated into several languages from the German, 
and he is honorary member of scientific and medical 
associations in many countries of Europe and of the 
United States. The following cablegram has been received 
from him this afternoon : ' ^ Vivat Academia, vivant Pro- 
fessor es.' " 

Then turning to the Chairman and to the Chancellor of 
the University, Prof. Hemmeter continued: 

Mr. Chairman and your Excellency, in the name of the 
Regents of the University of Maryland, I have the honor 
to nominate Prof. Carl Anton Ewald for the degree of 
Doctor of Laws, honoris causa." 

Whereupon the Chancellor arose and in fitting words 
announced that the degree would be conferred by the 
Regents, and that in honoring such an ornament of the 
medical profession, the University of Maryland is honor- 
ing itself. 

Among the musical numbers was a fanfare by Hem- 
meter, entitled "The Gallants of Maryland." When this 
number had been reached the Governor of the State 
requested that it should be conducted by the composer. 
The spirit of the assembly being then at a stage of high 
conviviality, they made the welkin ring when the com- 
poser ascended to the stage and took the leader's baton. 
Some of the Alumni jumped on their seats and directed the 
music in time with the orchestra; others marched around 
their tables, and still others sang the melody of the music. 

THE TOASTS AND RESPONSES AT THE BANQUET. 

Upon taking his place as Toastmaster Prof. John 
Prentiss Poe said : 

We have now reached the stage where gastronomic abandon must 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 169 

give place to gastronomic inactivity and the pleasures of the table 
must yield to pleasures more alluring. 

We were so deUghtfully and instructively entertained this morning 
by our honored and distinguished guests, Dr. Patton and President 
Hall, and have such an attractive prospect before us this evening that 
I feel under a pecuharly strong obUgation not to mar the harmony of 
what we have had nor to delay your enjoyment of what is to come by 
anything like a set speech. 

Toastmasters I have known who seemed to think that their part 
in the program was to take the chief share of the speaking and Uke 
the chorus in the ancient plays to be constantly and most promi- 
nently in the center of the stage. 

The office tonight demands from me a different line. I am not 
down on the card for any attempt at fun or wit or oratory myself, 
but, as the regulator of this part of the feast, am assigned to the simp- 
ler duty of presenting to you the several gentlemen who will make this 
banquet memorable by their responses to our toasts. 

And yet before beginning this pleasant duty, I must claim the privi- 
lege of expressing to Dr. Patton and President Hall the deep obliga- 
tions and hearty thanks of the Regents of our University for their 
invaluable contributions to this celebration of the Centennial of our 
foundation and to the eminent scholars from sister institutions at 
home and abroad for the honor of their presence and participation in 
the exercises of this eventful occasion. 

Speaking for my associates and fellow workers of the several Depart- 
ments of the University I may refer with pardonable pride to the 
record of her achievements during the hundred years that have elapsed, 
since with faint and feeble step, but with high hope and dauntless 
courage, she started out upon her honorable and blessed career of use- 
fulness and distinction. 

Measured by the mere span of years and compared with many other 
similar seats of learning, she is still young, but she has done a large 
work in the hundred years of her existence, and now with the accumu- 
lated wisdom of the centuries, gathering inspiration from the achieve- 
ments of her sister institutions everywhere and stimulated by their 
example, she will move on to a wider expansion, a more far-reaching 
and beneficent development. 

Side by side with our youthful giant, the Johns Hopkins Founda- 
tion, which in the short space of thirty years has worthily won a lofty 
preeminence in the great world of science, medicine, scholarship, and 
original research, we shall demonstrate the practical power and value 



170 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

of the sentiment which animates us in our work, omnia probate, honum 
tenete as she proves the stimulus and force of her inspiring motto, 
Veritas vos liberahit. 

We shall join with her in the proud declaration, Opera nun verba, 
and in our day and generation strive to maintain the honor and 
renown of the University of Maryland and hand these, undimmed and 
unimpaired, to those who shall take up our work when we are gone 
and carry it on to influence and power beyond our dreams of vigor 
and success. 

As the outcome of a patriotic loyalty to our American institutions 
and to our Chief Magistrate, as deep-seated and genuine as that which 
fills the hearts of the subjects of the proudest of the world's crowned 
heads, no festive occasion such as that which brings us here tonight 
is ever felt to be complete in our country unless appropriate honor is 
first given to the President of the United States. 

The office which he holds, as the chosen ruler of a Repubhc of free- 
men, justly ranks in our estimation with any that is occupied as an 
hereditary dignity by the descendant of a long line of emperors or 
kings, and Americans everywhere, ignoring all differences in religion 
and politics, never fail to respond with heartiest cordiaUty to every 
pubHc recognition of his exalted position. 

Until quite recently we have hoped that our Centennial Celebration 
would be graced by the President as our most honored guest and that 
he would favor us with one of the stirring addresses which he makes 
with such marvellous ease and felicity. 

But to our deep regret his pubUc engagements deprive us of this 
great gratification. 

We are so fortunate, however, as to have with us a distinguished 
Marylander, who, as a member of the president's official family and 
one of his most trusted friends and advisers, will speak in response to 
the toast in his honor and who, as far as can be done by any substitute, 
will make us forget completely our disappointment that the President 
himself is not here. 

The President of the United States: 

May he always stand as the faithful and vigilant pro- 
tector of the rights and Hberties of the people and as the 
honored and revered representative of the virtue, power 
and glory of the Republic. 

And I call on Attorney-General Bonaparte to reply. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 171 

Attorney-General Bonaparte said, in part : 

There is a closer connection than there may seem to be between 
the existence of a real nation and the existence of real universities 
within that real nation. To truly merit the name of "university" an 
institution of learning must stand ready to make of each youth who 
shall seek its halls a man with all the breadth of thought, of sympathy 
and of knowledge implied in a liberal education; and to do this it must 
itself enjoy the wider intellectual and moral horizons afforded by 
national as distinguished from provincial life. A real university is a 
big thing; not, indeed, necessarily big in its buildings or its endow- 
ment, the number of its students or the salaries of its professors, but 
big in the end and the scope of its work, big in the spirit and temper 
wherewith that work is done; and if this big thing be crowded into a 
little space, if it be cramped in its home and stunted by the narrow- 
ness of its outlook, its growth will be misshapen and its teaching the 
lurking place of sophistry and prejudice. 

Of that national life the President of the United States is the sign 
and voice; he is our first public officer because, and as proof that we 
are a nation; and on his behalf I welcome to the threshold of its second 
century this one of our American universities, with the wish and in 
the hope that a hundred years from today it will be as full of life and 
strength and helpfulness to mankind as is now the great nation over 
which he presides, and that during those hundred years its growth 
in all that makes a university living and strong and an aid to humanity 
may be as vast and rapid as has been the growth of America since the 
University of Maryland was founded. 

The State of Maryland: 

Our dear native State, upon whose escutcheon there 
rests no stain or taint of weakness or dishonor. The more 
we explore her history the more worthy she appears of 
our pride and affection. 

The Chancellor of our University, Governor Edwin 
Warfield, will make good her claim to her high place as 
one of the Original Thirteen. 

Governor Warfield said, in part : 

Mr. Toastmaster — The exercises we have participated in today mark 
the consummation of the policy inaugurated in 1784 by the State, 
when St. John's College was incorporated. 



172 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

The Act incorporating that College provided that it should, with 
the Washington College, be united into the University of Maryland, 
with the Governor of the State for the time being as Chancellor. 

You are all familiar with the reasons why this mandate of the State 
was never fully complied with, and the uniting of these two Colleges 
into one university was never perfected. 

The Legislature of Maryland, noting this fact, and being desirous 
of carrying out the educational poUcy inaugurated by Governor Paca, 
did, in 1812, authorize the establishment of a new University of Mary- 
land, in the City of Baltimore, which was to have a full equipment 
of four faculties, representing the Arts, Law, Medicine and Theology. 

This mandate of the State was never fully carried out, as but two 
schools, Law and Medicine, were permanently established and main- 
tained. Had the people of Maryland responded to the recommenda- 
tions and educational policy advocated by Governor Paca in 1784, 
there is every reason to believe that we would today have but one 
great university in this State — the University of Maryland. 

The State, however, seemed to let her interest in this great educa- 
tional movement lag and languish, according it but scant aid and 
support, with the outcome that one of her citizens who had amassed 
great wealth, left his fortune for the estabhshment of a great univer- 
sity, to be located in Baltimore and bear his name. This fortune 
might have been left to the University of Maryland, to establish a 
school or schools, had the State been more liberal in its support and 
pushed forward the plans for a great university. 

It is not yet too late for the State to concentrate its efforts and aid 
in making the University of Maryland one of the greatest institutions 
for higher education in the land. As now constituted, under its com- 
pact with that ancient seat of learning, St. John's College, it begins a 
new era of growth and prosperity and will, I am sure, receive the 
encouragement and aid which it so justly merits from the State. 

Maryland has not been as liberal as she should have been in the 
encouragement of higher education under her patronage. I hope and 
believe that she will decide upon a new policy in the future. 

It would be taking up your time needlessly for me to recite what St. 
John's College and this old. University have done to promote the fame 
and maintain the high standing of Maryland. Their sons, in all of 
the professions have taken front rank and achieved honor and dis- 
tinction for their Alma Mater and glory for their native State. 

It is pleasing to me to dwell upon the fact that St. John's College 
furnished the first president of the Medical Faculty of the University, 



UNIVERSITY OP MARYLAND 173 

Dr. John Beall Davidge, and that she also furnished others who were 
active in the movement to estabUsh this school of Medicine, namely, 
Dr. Upton Scott, Dr. John Shaw, Dr. Wilham Donaldson and Dr. 
John Owens, all of whom were graduates of that college. 

And it is gratifying to me to be able to claim that during my admin- 
istration the union of St. John's College and the University of Mary- 
land was consummated, thus finally perfecting the movement inaugu- 
rated 123 years ago. May this union never be dissolved. 

In a speech I made at St. John's College in 1903 I referred to the 
fact that there had always been lacking, on the part of the people of 
Maryland, that State pride, that active and intelligent interest in the 
Avelfare of her colleges and universities which had brought about the 
upbuilding of the Northern colleges and universities and extended 
their influence and power, as well as influenced their material prosper- 
ity, and I then insisted that Maryland should no longer send her sons 
to other States for their final professional education. 

The City of Baltimore: 

Tried by the fierce fire of the furnace of affliction she 
has emerged from her desolation with a marvellous increase 
in beauty and power. 

Mayor J. Barry Mahool will tell us what, as her Chief 
Executive, he aspires to do for her continued advance 
along all the lines of the best sort of municipal improve- 
ment. 

Mayor Mahool's response : 

Baltimore enjoys the promise of a great future. Every day seems 
to adduce some new evidence to convince us of our splendid destiny. 
There is a marvelous awakening all along the line. Every phase of 
our new hfe shows some amazing improvement. A transformation 
has occurred which is glorifying to the city. 

There is a wide contrast between the Baltimore of today and the 
Baltimore of ten years ago. There is a difference even in the way we 
do business. While we have lost none of the rugged honesty which 
formerly distinguished us, we have caught step wdth the rush of that 
modern aggressiveness which is the maker of commercial success. We 
have changed the practice of merely praying for business to come here. 
We are going after it. It is our aim to make inducements so alluring 
to outsiders that any sensible business enterprise will find it desirable 



174 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

to come our way. And I want it distinctly understood that this 
administration intends to devise additional ways and means to multi- 
ply and stimulate the growth of our factories. 

This spirit of hustle is not confined to one circle. It is general. 
The reawakening of our city seems to have disclosed to Baltimoreans 
the almost Umitless possibilities within their reach. As a consequence 
instead of lying lazily still, waiting for the apple to drop into our 
mouths, we are cUmbing for the apple with might and main. Our 
people are developing into purposeful hustlers. They have learned 
that more can be done by one week of hustle than by ten weeks of 
talk. 

This idea is beginning to break through the conservative crust of our 
financial circle. The new spirit in our city has convinced the bank- 
ing and money-lending interests in the city that the more they help to 
upbuild the substantial industrial and commercial strength of Balti- 
more the better it will be for the prosperity of our people. A more 
encouraging Uberality, as a consequence, is being shown by investors 
towards such enterprises as will add to the volume of our industrial 
activities. That is wise. If our moneyed people will only more and 
more show their faith in our city in this practical and effective way 
they will double the speed of our forward progress. No city can 
expand unless its own capital readily and abundantly flows into its 
local channels of commerce and manufacturing. 

Without intending to speak unkindly of other communities, I do 
feel that we have just reason to be proud of the contrast between our 
own record and that of other cities in different sections of the country. 
It is this civic and moral honesty in our midst which is creating such 
a marked and useful confidence in our people. It has awakened 
new ideals and new demands. Baltimoreans are now satisfied with 
nothing less than the best that can be obtained. We have convinced 
ourselves that Baltimore should have the best physical conditions, 
that she should have the best commercial facilities, that she should 
have the best and cleanest municipal government, and be it said to 
our credit we are working determinedly to accomplish those ends. 

Our views since the fire have broadened out, and much of the timid 
conservatism which blocked our progress in the past has entirely 
disappeared. We find the Baltimore of today in the hands of bold 
and aggressive men, who are struggling to push her to the very fore- 
front of American cities. This is why you see so much in the local 
press about welcome improvements all along the line. 

It is useless for me to detail to you the many items of progress which 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 175 

have distinguished our past three years. My time will not permit 
such a thing. Much, however, is yet to be done; and upon the con- 
tinued hearty cooperation of our people depends the degree of our 
future advance. Your municipal government is heartily in sympa- 
thy with any progressive movement. There is no agency in the city 
more ambitious to promote every interest of Baltimore, moral and 
material, than is the present administration. Nor will that adminis- 
tration be satisfied until it succeeds in imparting stronger impetus to 
our progress. 

Our Guests: 

With hearts deeply touched by the glowing messages of 
praise and good will sent to us by our fellow-workers in 
all quarters of the globe, we give to our guests our warmest 
greetings and most grateful thanks for the priceless encour- 
agement of your inspiring presence. 

Responded to by Hon. Wm. Pinkney Whyte, Dr. 
Francis L. Patton and Dr. Wm. S. Thayer. 

Professor Poe in introducing the Senior Senator of Mary- 
land said: 

"Gentlemen: The hour is late, my friends, and we must hurry on, and 
so far as I am personally concerned, I feel that I must put into prac- 
tical apphcation what Doctor Johnson is reported to have said to Bos- 
well, that when, in reading over his productions, he came to anything 
that he thought particularly fine, he should strike it out. Now, taking 
that advice, I shall strike out all the fine things that I was going to 
say, and call on my friend Governor Whyte [applause and cries of 
'The Bismarck of Maryland," ''Grand old man!"] to speak to us, but 
before yielding the floor to him, I wish to state that as far back as the 
year 1874, 1 had the honor, which I claim to be a distinguished honor, of 
presenting him to the regents of the University of Maryland and to 
the then provost to receive the honorary degree of doctor of laws. 
I felt that as a Regent of an institution that numbered amongst its 
founders his illustrious grandfather, WilUam Pinkney, at whose name, 
even after this great lapse of years, every Maryland heart throbs with 
pride, I could not do otherwise than avail myself of an opportunity to 
tender an honor of that kind to a gentleman so distinguished and so 
beloved by the people of Maryland as my friend, the Honorable 
WiUiam Pinkney Whyte, and I now call on him. [Loud applause.] 



176 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Mr. Whyte: 

Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentleme^i. It is an honor to 
be cherished in my memory, I assure you, that I have been one of 
those called upon by you to respond to this toast, for it cannot 
be other than a great honor, as there are so many distinguished men 
here in this assembly, representing the most noted universities and 
colleges of our own and other lands, and other ornaments of the pro- 
fessions of law and medicine, and reinforced by the large body of stu- 
dents who have laid the foundation for their professional education 
under the auspices of the University of Maryland; therefore, I bow in 
grateful acknowledgment to the comphment you have thus paid me. 
It is with unfeigned reluctance, however, that I assume such a task to 
speak for them, for I know there are voices at these tables less famiUar 
which would sound more pleasing to your ears. You will pardon me, 
I am sure, when I refer to my notes, for no man knows better than I 
do that it is the only mode I have to repress my exuberance of speech. 
[Applause.] It is gratifying to note the faculties of medicine, juris- 
prudence, pharmacy and dentistry, which are represented under the 
protecting arms of your admirable charter, but, as our distinguished 
friend Doctor Patton said, where is the faculty of theology or divinity, 
what has become of it? Your faculty of law is good, why not the 
prophets? — I mean, when I say prophets, spelled in the bibhcal style 
and not in the simplified style of the present money-getting genera- 
tion. [Laughter and applause.] In the eariier century the univer- 
sity started out with a faculty of pliilosophy, jurisprudence, theology 
and medicine; they took care of the soul first and the body afterwards. 
The ranking faculty of those institutions, however, was that of the- 
ology, and its power was felt more forcibly than any of the Uberal arts. 
I presume — I have no doubt you will agree with me. Doctor Patton — 
that owing to the religious toleration and the Christian spirit which 
always dominated our people, of late years the regents have left out 
reUgious teaching as a part of the curriculum of the university. 

The gathering together of the host of friends in these festivities, and 
the partaking of the hospitality of this university will awaken a lively 
sense of the great benefits which it has in common with hke institu- 
tions of higher education conferred upon our country. The hundred 
years of educational work sit Hghtly upon it, and with renewed strength 
which will come after these jovial scenes have ended, no prophet can 
tell how many anniversaries it may have to celebrate, or how many 
generations it may number in its alumni. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 177 

It has been my fortune, or I should say misfortune, to know but 
httle of your faculty of medicine, or, indeed, of the graduates whom 
you have sent forth with your diploma, for, as the Chinese custom of 
paying the doctor to keep you in health is not in vogue here, I have 
rarely had occasion to hold a consultation with any of the disciples 
of ^sculapius, even as to symptoms. [Applause.] Nor do I wish to 
utter any biting sarcasm against the dental faculty [laughter and 
applause], for I have always deemed it best to keep my mouth shut 
when they were near. [Renewed laughter.] 

Of the academic faculty my acquaintance has been more intimate 
and St. John's College has always had a tender spot in my heart of 
hearts, for my maternal grandfather was educated at King Wil- 
Ham's School, an academy estabhshed by the State for the propaga- 
tion of the Gospel and the education of youth, and in 1785 it was 
merged in St. John's College, to which college, as to the University of 
Maryland, I also owe a debt of gratitude for one of my degrees of Doc- 
tor of Laws, of which I am justly proud. [Applause.] 

When I come to the faculty of law, I am as much at home as at my 
own fireside. It is more than thirty years since, by your invitation, 
I addressed the graduates of the school of law and gave them some 
good advice, I hope. Then, I saw the size of its students' classes, and 
as the years have rolled by I have watched its growth until the grad- 
uates they have launched on the professional sea are numbered by 
thousands. 

But there is one thing of which the faculty of law has special reason 
to be proud, it is the high rank it has attained in Maryland for legal 
authorship. It might not be out of place on this occasion to read the 
names on this roll of honor, but to those of us who practice in the 
courts of our State they rise before us with increasing frequency. 
Among the multitude of legal volumes which deluge us from the press, 
not one of these books is left upon the shelves in the shadow of neglect. 

With this festival let the University be launched into the century to 
follow with all our benediction and with the hope that the fourth 
generation which will come after us may have as royal a celebration 
at its close as the one we have enjoyed at the hands of this most faith- 
ful body of regents of the University of Maryland. [Loud applause.] 

Response of Dr. Patton: 

Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentlemen: During the fourteen years 
that I had the honor of being the president of Princeton University 



178 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

it was my bad fortune to fall into a bad habit. I found that that 
habit was growing upon me and it had reached a point that was 
absolutely beyond my control. I tried to taper off but came to the 
conclusion that total abstinence, whatever it might be for other people, 
was the only rule, the only safe rule, for me. I am referring to the 
habit of after dinner speaking. In order that I might effect a com- 
plete and absolute cure, I resolved to retire from the presidency of 
the University and betake myself to the more quiet and cloistered 
shades of a theological seminary, but I have had several lapses and 
you are responsible for my disastrous fall tonight. [Laughter.] 

Now, I have found that in acquiring this habit of after dinner 
speaking there was but one rule and that was to choose a subject and 
speak with great boldness upon it, by reason of the fact that it was a 
subject that you knew absolutely nothing about. [Laughter.] 
Men are always more confident when they do not know what they are 
talking about. [Laughter.] For instance, I had the honor on one 
occasion to be called upon to make an address at a convention of 
druggists. Now, I don't know much about drugs. As a child my 
pharmacopoeia was hmited to castor oil and paregoric, and as father 
of children, it has been limited to Hyde's Syrup and the last remedies 
for familiar diseases of children. On the occasion to which I refer 
I was at my wits' end to know what to say to these druggists, but I 
thought I would draw a bow at a venture and so I said to them: "Gentle- 
men, we hear a great deal in these days — (it was in the days when mor- 
phine and quinine got mixed so commonly in the drug stores) — we 
hear a great deal in these days, gentlemen, about the mistakes of 
druggists, but who ever tells us about the mistakes that the doctors 
make and of the lives that are saved by the fact that the druggists 
know too well not to put up the prescriptions that the doctors give?" 
Why, do you believe me, gentlemen, that the leading drug journal in 
the country came out the next week and gave me an entire column of 
editorial, most complimentary in character, and said that never had a 
truer word fallen from man's lips than that. [Laughter.] Well, I 
always found a great deal of comfort in that experience. We have 
heard a great deal tonight about Mar}' land and about -Baltimore, 
and 1 have enjoyed this because 1 have so often in northern latitudes 
heard of the exploits of my Northern friends. They tell me that 
this new White Star steamer, the Adriatic, is so large that by a little 
effort she will almost contain all the people that came over in the 
Mayflower. [Laughter.] Now if you have ever attended a New 
England dinner, you have heard that story. You have heard that all 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 179 

these speakers, as they approached the subject, will tell you that they 
are Puritans in descent, but there is not anything Puritanical about 
them, thank God. [Laughter] Their fathers ate baked beans in the 
wilderness and are dead. [Laughter.] But their sons! Why, if 
you will give one of them a half an hour in a safe deposit vault with a 
pair of scissors, he will manage to carve out the expenses of the family 
in about a half an hour for the next six months. [Laughter.] There 
is a great deal in the latitude in which you live and the longitude as 
well, and I am interested, as I go about the country, in noticing the 
different cUmatic influences that determine the various kinds of speak- 
ing to which I listen. I had that pleasure the last time I attended 
an academic meeting in this city. It was on the occasion of the 
Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Johns Hopkins University. I had 
the honor of receiving a degree at that time, and I have been thinking 
that I have been amassing a large portion in these degrees. I take 
this as another way in which the city of Baltimore has been kind enough 
to give me the freedom of the city; but what I was thinking about was 
whether there was not some sort of arrangement of a legislative kind 
which would overcome the present difficulty I now feel about my 
degrees, because I have only a fife interest in them, and if I could have 
it so arranged that they would descend to my children with remainder 
for my grandchildren, why my family would be pretty well taken 
care of. [Laughter.] I read the history of the Maryland University, 
and I noticed that in its original intention provision was made for a 
school of divinity, and if I were a young man and I thought there 
was any chance of reviving that old element in the charter, I would 
urge upon the regents to reconsider and reestablish the school of 
divinity, because I think with my friend, Mr. Poe, and the other Prince- 
ton influences about here, that I might have a sort of a pull and be 
elected to a chair. Then I should be able to live in Baltimore, and I 
tell you honestly, that take it all in all, there is no city in this union 
that I love quite as much as I do Baltimore. [Applause.] Now, I 
have read the records very carefully on that, and I never knew why it 
was that that original intention failed, but I was told confidentially — 
and I do not know as I ought to repeat it, because it was given to me 
in strict confidence — but I was told that one of the troubles was that 
they thought they would start out on the plan of representing all 
the denominations in this faculty, and that when they got them all 
there, the odium theologicum got so hot that they had to give it up. 
[Laughter.] 

Now, we are Hving in a different atmosphere. We get along with 



180 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

our difference now by our indifference. [Laughter.] Still, I do not 
believe it would have been any better if you had had all the denomina- 
tions organized in one faculty. The only class of people in the world 
that I know of who could get along with these differences would be 
the lawyers; I don't care what differences they have, because fight- 
ing is their business and they never take it seriously. [Laughter.] 
They strive mightily to eat and drink as friends. [Laughter.] I think 
it is a great thing, however, that it is possible for men to meet on the 
broad platform of truth, regardless of these differences. It is said 
that there are three words that sum up human life: the church, the 
State and the school; and the school, the university, represents the 
synthesis of the intellectual forces of the world, and here we can meet 
regardless of all differences if there be such a thing as truth. Now, we 
are told that there is some doubt on that subject. Why, they used 
to say, if there was anything sure then science has upset most things, 
but we thought it had not upset the multipUcation table, but now I 
read that the axioms themselves are not axioms, they are only 
hypotheses. You say, for example, that parallel lines never meet and 
the whole is greater than its part, and if equals be added to equals, 
the result is equal. But Mr. Naylor, in his essay on that subject, 
says no; that only means let us try it and see how it will work; it is 
a mere working hypothesis which would indicate that there is some 
basis at least for a reasonable doubt. But I will not, at this late 
hour, gentlemen, enter upon a minute discussion of this philosophy, 
and I know you will excuse me, but I want to say to you that I am 
carrying away with me tonight very delightful memories of this occa- 
sion. I thank the regents with all my heart for the great honor they 
have done me in conferring upon me the highest token of their confi- 
dence and the greatest honor in their gift, and I shall always cherish 
the memory of this day as one of the bright and red letter days of 
my experience. [Applause.] lam glad to meet men, who whatever 
their callings in life may be, and whatever be the distinction which 
they have earned by their contributions to the sum total of human 
knowledge, are agreed in this, that we are all engaged in the one 
good work of doing our best, to stand between the generation that is 
past and the one that is coming upon the stage, and to hand on, as 
far as we are able to do so, the undimmed torch of learning to those 
who follow, and to feel that strongly as we are impressed with the 
intellectual opportunities and the intellectual duties that devolve 
upon us, there is something brighter, fairer and more worthy of con- 
sideration in the world of beauty, the world of art, and the world of 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 181 

truth, the world of high moral values, and that the cosmic process, 
whatever it has done for us, has at least brought us into relations with 
these high ideals of moral worth and unity and these high hopes of 
blessed immortahty. These are the things after all that make Hfe 
worth living, and these are the ideals that give universities their 
proud place and their conspicuous worth in the institutional Hfe of the 
republic. [Loud applause.] 

Dr. Wm. S. Thayer's response: 

Mr. President and Gentlemen: When your Toastmaster yesterday 
afternoon performed the remarkable feat of selecting from the golden 
hay stack of distinguished guests, this needle of a baser metal to 
respond to your toast, the needle had thought himself safely hidden. 
He begs leave only to express the hope that now you have him you 
may not find yourself, Mr. Chairman, in the position of the country- 
man from the Eastern Shore. This citizen who was particularly 
given to the habit of swapping horses, happened while driving along 
one day to meet a stranger, with whom he immediately arranged an 
exchange of horses, without condition or comment. As they started 
to drive away, the stranger, overcome by his curiosity, asked our 
friend why he was so anxious to get rid of his horse — whether per- 
chance he had faults, "Well," replied the adventurous rustic, "since 
you ask me the direct question, I must say that he has two faults, 
and I reckon they're right bad ones. In the first place when he gits 
loose he's damn hard to catch, and secondly, when you do catch him 
he ain't worth a damn." [Laughter.] 

But Mr. President, the honoris one which could only bring a feeling 
of warm pleasure — to be asked to respond for his old college before 
this splendid gathering — to bring the greetings of Massachusetts to 
Maryland — of his mother state to the state of his adoption. The 
greetings of Harvard University I present with all my heart. You 
have remembered Harvard well today in honoring two of your own 
sons, now most valued members of her faculty. I bring these greet- 
ings with more pleasure because I know so well those to whom I bring 
them. 

There are many differences between the history of Harvard and of 
the University of Maryland. The first branches of your institution 
were those which had to do with the teaching of practical sciences. 
My old college had existed well nigh one hundred and fifty years 
Lefore the origin of the Medical Department — nearly a hundred and 



182 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

eighty before the formation of a law school, and during all these years 
Harvard was inculcating the liberal arts and the foundations of the- 
ology into hundreds of young gentlemen with old testament names, 
with a tendency to enter the clergy, and a capacity for procreation 
which insured the province against race suicide and would have satis- 
fied President Hall and even President Roosevelt. It is of a line of 
these country clergymen that I have my ounce of heredity which 
was referred to this morning. Another thing which Harvard was 
doing in those days I have just discovered. It is customary to regard 
the use of the "Big Stick'" as a modern innovation. Do not deceive 
yourselves, gentlemen, the use of the "Big Stick" was introduced by 
one of the first officers who presided over Harvard College. The first 
collection of scholars to "lodge" as the Rev. Cotton Mather has it, 
"in the nests at Cambridge" in 1637, was under the guidance of one 
Nathaniel Eaton, who appears to have been an interesting person, 
having been for his "inhumane severities" removed from his trust. 
"Among many other instances of his cruelty he gave one in causing 
two men to hold a young gentleman while he so unmercifully beat him 
with a cudgel that upon complaint of it unto the court in September, 
1639, he was fined a hundred marks, besides a convenient sum to be paid 
unto the young gentleman that had suffered by his un mercifulness. 

But during this period what were you doing in Maryland and Vir- 
ginia? If I consult the annals of niy family I am obUged to believe 
that you were corrupting the product of New England. One of my 
ancestors came to this part of the world in 1804 on his graduation from 
college to act as a tutor in the family of a country gentleman. Son 
and grandson of a New England clergyman, brought up, as Harvard 
College brought up boys in those days, with the one idea of entering 
the ministry, he came to the shores of the Chespeake Bay. And what 
was the result? He begins by commenting on the "almost tota 
absence of religion in this part of the country." Then, within six 
months after his arrival, he writes, " I have discovered that I possess 
an exceedingly great desire for fame in public life;" and shortly after 
this he enters upon a somewhat specious defense of the horse racing 
of his patron — Facile descensus! He returned, however, eventually, 
and did enter the ministry, but he returned with a love and an admira- 
tion for the people of this part of the country — for the men who were 
soon to form the University of Virginia and the University of Mary- 
land — the same affection for the teachers and graduates of these insti- 
tutions which, since that time, inevitably arises in the heart of him 
who lives for any time in this community. [Applause .] 



183 

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 



Sixteen years ago, Mr. President, too came -"**■"";«;'; 
vard University to take up my residence m your midst Tliere was 
of course, much that I missed. In some ways I was homes ck, but 
I shall n^ver forget the warmth and cordiahty of my reception. I 
ai^ r n^nded of It again by the greetings which you are offenng to 
"uests today. Still my plans and ideals were always to return 
to New England, to take up my work in the land of my birth. Af er 
ntae Tr ten years a tempting opportunity came-an opportunity 
Tse to that which I might myself have planned; but to my surprise I 
found myself strangely divided. I was reminded of the experience of 
he ouTofessor of Mtin who had lived all his hfe in the town of his 
Wrfh a teacher in a provincial college. One day to his amazement, 
Tfld h t he had been selected a professor at the College de France. 
Aftei his first surprise he put on his hat and started out tor a walk^ 
At the first comer he noticed an interesting doorway, and stopped to 
font mp 1 the carving. A few steps farther on he was struck by 
he beauty of an old gateway, and again, as he passed the '.f h'dral 
he was lost in admiration of some wonderful old figures which he had 
never happened to observe before, and then it suddenly came over 
the old ml^^i that he loved the town of his birth-the town in which 
he had passed the better part of his life-the town which had been 
associated wth his main ideals and aspiration. Andso, Mr. President 
a er but a few years of residence among you, I suddenly discovered 
thtt Iloved the warmth and cordiality and simphcity and generosity 
ofthe people of Maryland, and that I found it very difficult to resign 
mysef' leaving those people whose ideals and aspirations, yes 
"might almost say, traditions, have become a part o myself And 
when the other day in New Orleans, on addressing a large gathering 
Tf LOU ana physicians, the orchestra greeted me with the strains o 
"Maryland, my Maryland," my heart leaped in my breast and the 
tears came into my eyes. [Applause.] 

The University of Maryland: 

Reviewing with pride her record of great difficulties 
overcome, and inspiring success accomphshed, she looks 
forward with serene confidence to a steadily expanding 
horizon of distinguished achievement. 

" Toil on-toU on-there's no such word as tail- 
Heaven sends the wind if we but set the sail. 



184 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

In announcing this toast, Professor Poe said : 

It was intended that the response to this toast should be made by 
our Provost, Mr. Bernard Carter. 

His position as the head of the University apart from his acknowl- 
edged leadership of our Bar pointed him out as the obvious selection 
for this pleasing duty. 

More appropriately from him than from any other man could come 
the glowing recital of the successful struggles of his predecessors and 
their associates in the face of straitened means, depressing disaster 
and hostile legislation to place the University upon a solid and endur- 
ing foundation of self-sustaining independence. 

But to his keen disappointment as well as to our serious loss, he is 
unable to be with us. 

He sends us from his sick-bed his warmest felicitations that this 
auspicious opening of the second century of our existence finds us 
with our academic and professional departments well equipped for 
the highest grade of University work and with bright prospects full 
of inspiring encouragements. We send back to him our affectionate 
sympathy in the illness that keeps him from personal participation 
in these exercises in which he was to have been the central figure, and 
our earnest prayers that a brief season of perfect rest will restore him 
to his accustomed place of distinguished activity at the head of his 
profession. 

Casting our eyes around for some one to speak in his stead we find 
a gentleman who as an alumnus of St. John's and of our School of Law 
most worthily represents two of our Departments and who at the 
same time holds the high rank of president of the Board of Trustees of 
the Johns Hopkins Hospital and Chief Judge of the Supreme Bench of 
Baltimore City. 

I present to you Hon. Henry D. Harlan who will respond to this 
toast. 

Chief Judge Harlan's response : 

Mr. Toastmaster and Gentlemen: I should be wanting in sensibility 
did I not express my grateful appreciation of the too kind manner in 
which my good friend, the distinguished Dean of the Law School, has 
coupled my name with this toast. 

It really increases the embarrassment I feel at being called on to 
answer for this old University, the one hundredth anniversary of the 
origin of which we are engaged in celebrating. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 185 

We all know that this origin is found in the chartering in 1807 of 
the Medical College of Maryland, which is the " mother of us all/' and 
is now the Faculty of Physic or the Medical Department; and it does 
seem to me that it would have been more fitting in the absence of the 
Provost, which we all deplore, to have assigned this toast to .«;ome 
member of that Faculty, of which there are so many illustrious profes- 
sors represented at this feast. I will say, however, that while I sin- 
cerely regret that you are to be deprived of the pleasure of hearing 
from one of them instead of myself, I yield to none of them in my 
love and loyalty for the institution of which I am, as has been stated, 
an alumnus, and with which, for twenty-four years, I have been 
connected as an instructor, being, next to the Dean, the oldest mem- 
ber of the Law Faculty in point of service; and if any poor words or 
act of mine can help her at any time, they shall not be wanting. 

My toast requires a backward and a forward look. I shall not 
rehearse the long and interesting history of this University, nor recall 
the vicissitudes it has undergone, nor shall I strive to awaken mem- 
ories of the many distinguished men connected with its past — such 
Provosts as Alexander, Kennedy and Wallis; such physicians and 
surgeons as Davidge, Potter, Baker, Dunglison, Smith, Chew, Milten- 
berger, McSherry, Johnston and Donaldson; such lawyers as Pinkney, 
Taney, Harper, Meredith, Evans, Mayer, Dobbin, Latrobe, Brown 
and Marshall; such pharmacists as Andrews, Dohme, Emich, Moore, 
Phillip and Sharp. The moments are too precious. But I do wish to 
remind you of two facts in connection with the origin of this Univer- 
sity, which have exercised a marked influence on all of its subsequent 
career. 

The one is the broad and liberal spirit on which it was organized, on, 
what may be called, the spiritual or educational side. The other is 
the narrow and contracted view on which it was organized, on what 
may be called the material or economic side. The charter declares: 

"Whereas, Public Institutions for the promotion of scientific 
and literary knowledge under salutary regulations cannot fail to pro- 
duce the most beneficial results to the State at large by instilling into 
the minds and hearts of the citizens the principles of science and good 
morals, and whereas it appears to the General Assembly of Maryland 
that this desirable end would be much advanced by the establishment 
of an University in the City and Precincts of Baltimore. 

Therefore be it enacted that the College of Medicine of Maryland be 
and the same is hereby authorized to constitute, appoint and annex 
to itself three other colleges or faculties, viz: the Faculty of Divinity, 



186 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

the Faculty of Law, and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and the 
four faculties thus united shall be and they are hereby constituted an 
University by the name and under the title of the University of Mary- 
land. 

And he it enacted that the said University shall be founded and 
maintained forever upon the most liberal plan for the benefit of 
students of every country and every religious denomination who shall 
be freely admitted to equal privileges and advantages of education 
and to all the honors of the University according to their merit, with- 
out requiring or enforcing any religious or civil test * * * nor shall 
any preference be given in the choice of a Provost, Professor or Lec- 
turer or other Officer of said University, on account of his particular 
religious professions, but regard shall be solely had to his moral char- 
acter and other necessary qualifications to fill the place to which he 
shall be chosen." 

That is fine ! But as if fearing that an institution founded on such 
lines would absorb the wealth of the State, and be so liberally endowed 
by future philanthropists that it would become dangerously rich, it 
was also provided that the annual value of all property, real and per- 
sonal, of said University, exclusive of lot and buildings, shall not 
exceed one hundred thousand dollars. These two things, the liber- 
ality of plan, the lack of material resources, have constituted the 
strength and the weakness of this University. 

In the early days, it was not the latter but the former which was a 
source of frailty. The plan was so liberal that it was manifest one of 
its departments could not be successfully organized at all. Until 
Christian unity is an accompHshed fact, a School of Divinity organized 
on undenominational lines is impracticable. The first School of 
Law died not from lack of endowment, but from the length and com- 
prehensiveness of its course of study. The first professor of law, 
David Hoffman, was a man of the greatest learning. He was pro- 
foundly imbued with the spirit in which the University was conceived. 
He took ten years to prepare his lectures, and the course of legal study 
which he outlined and afterwards published, would have taken a 
period of seven years for a close student to complete. It was not 
singular that this department languished for want of students in the 
days when examinations for the bar were like that given, as tradition 
has it, to Thaddeus Stevens in Harford County. " Mr. Stevens, what 
would you first ask a chent on being consulted?" "I think, sir, I 
should ask for a fee." "Quite right, Mr. Stevens;" who was forth- 
with recommended and admitted. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 187 

The early School of Arts and Sciences failed partly from lack of 
students and partly from lack of support, and for some years the 
School of Medicine, without any adequate endowment, sustained the 
life and maintained the honor of the University. This it has at all 
times done, nobly, faithfully and successfully. Its Faculty has always 
embraced the most eminent practitioners of this city, and its diploma 
has always been a passport to public confidence and professional 
standing. 

But the university life was not dead; it was only sleeping. It was 
again to awaken. In 1869 the Law Faculty was reorganized. Lec- 
tures were begun in 1870 on a more practical plan than formerly, and 
have since been maintained. Today the Law School has more than 
fourteen hundred graduates; ten of the thirty-two Judges of the State 
are its alumni, and others of its graduates are not only among the 
leaders of the bar in every County of this State and in Baltimore City, 
but in other States. (Applause.) 

In 1882 the Dental Department was organized under one of the 
most eminent dental surgeons of his time, with a full Faculty. In 
1904 the Maryland College of Pharmacy, with a past career of use- 
fulness extending over more than sixty years, became the Department 
of Pharmacy ; and in the present year, that venerable college, my own 
honored alma mater, St. John's, has become by afiiUation the Depart- 
ment of Arts and Sciences of the University of Maryland; and the 
latter thus connects itself with the story of education in Maryland 
which goes back for more than two hundred years to King William's 
School, the first free school founded in this province, and named in 
honor of his majesty, William III of England. 

And so the University again, completely organized in five depart- 
ments, begins its second century still hampered by the lack of endow- 
ment, but rich in her record of noble achievement, strong in her resolve 
to maintain her honorable position, and to raise the standard of 
instruction higher and higher, and to fulfill the high mission for which 
she was founded as an educational institution, cheered by the greetings 
of her distinguished sisters with whom she is engaged in generous 
rivalry, hoping and confidently believing that the financial support 
and the State aid which she deserves cannot much longer be with- 
held, and that she will go forward to a still more glorious future. 

Gentlemen, at this late hour I shall not detain you, but I ask you 
to rise and join me in a pledge of loyalty to and of best wishes for the 
success and the prosperity of the University of Maryland, in all of 
its departments. 



188 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Our Alumni: 

Visible proofs of the character of her work, the Univer- 
sity proudly relies on them to make good her claims to 
continued confidence and generous support. 

At least six thousand of these Alumni are still alive, 
scattered far and wide, at home and abroad, eloquent 
missionaries of her well-earned fame. 

As their mouth-piece tonight, I present to you Hon. 
Wilham Cabell Bruce, City Solicitor of Baltimore. 

Mr. Bruce's response: 

Mr. Toastmaster and Gentlemen: I graduated from the Depart- 
ment of Law of the University of Maryland in such a sad state of dis- 
repute that I am bound to confess that I was somewhat surprised 
when I was invited by the honored dean of its faculty to respond to 
the toast which has been assigned to me on this occasion, that is to 
say, "Our Alumni: Visible proofs of the character of her work, the 
University proudly reUes on them to make good her claims to con- 
tinued confidence and generous support." Indeed, if I really deserved 
the impression which I created upon the mind of one observer 
at that time, most of my fellow graduates, if they are no better than 
I was beheved by this observer to be, so far from being prompt to offer 
themselves as visible proofs of the character of the work of the Univer- 
sity might well have their minds set upon some such garment as that 
mentioned in the familar nursery story which conferred upon its 
owner the privilege of invisibility. I graduated from the Department 
of Law in the year 1882, a year which marks a long lapse of time 
in the hfe of an individual who was living then and is hving today 
but only a comparatively brief period in the existence of an institu- 
tion which is now looking proudly forward to another century of fruit- 
ful achievement. That year, my friend William L. Marbury, now a 
distinguished member of the Baltimore Bar, was invited by our class 
to dehver one of the two addresses at the approaching Commencement, 
and I was invited by the faculty to dehver the other. He selected 
as his theme the Spoils System of Politics, and made it the subject of 
a discourse so pungent and merciless that he has never since been able 
to improve upon what he then said, though the inchnation, as we 
all know, has not been wanting. As my theme, I selected divorce, 
and being then at the stage of human existence which is more sail 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 



189 



than anchor, I was disposed to approach my theme from a rather 
liberal point of view. Even so great and good a man as John Milton 
had many generations before made a vigorous attack upon the justice 
and policy of indissoluble wedlock, and I felt that even I might per- 
haps follow safely in the pathway created by the powerful sweep of 
one of his majestic onsets. The unhappy result was afterwards com- 
municated to me by Major Venable. He said that he was leaving the 
scene of the Commencement in a street car in which two elderly ladies 
who had heard the address were also seated. "Did you ever hear 
such an address?" one of them said to the other. " But I am not sur- 
prised," she added, "I am not at all surprised, for a more dissipated 
looking young man I never saw in my life." 

Since that day many chequered days have come and gone, bring- 
ing with them to me a deeper sense of the speculative errors which 
belong to youth and inexperience, and of those permanent human ties 
which constitute the true safety of the State, and connect us more 
closely than anything else, kindled into hfe by the breath of the 
Almighty with the Almighty himself. A good wife, several refrac- 
tory, but on the whole obedient and affectionate, children, and a little 
attention to Gen. Lee's famous saying that duty is the subhmest word 
in the EngUsh language, have apphed a salutary corrective to many 
a shallow heresy touching the most important and sacred of human 
relations. But I can earnestly declare that so far as my sense of 
obhgation to the University of Maryland, and so far as the pleasure 
and profit that I derived from my connection with it as a law 
student is concerned, the flow of time has had no effect except that 
of impressing it more and more deeply on my mind. 

One feature of its instruction has always been to me a feature of 
unique significance and value. It has been finely said that true his- 
tory is philosophy teaching by example . This was the kind of instruc- 
tion that my class was so fortunate as to receive at the hands of Col. 
Charles Marshall, Mr. Bernard Carter, Mr. John P. Poe, and Major R. 
M. Venable, who made up the law faculty of the University of Mary- 
land, when I was a law student and which many a class since my time 
has been so fortunate as to receive at the hands of the same, or other 
like lecturers. They were not mere professors, high as the character 
of a mere professor is, though they were all thoroughly educated men, 
who had obtained by wide and varied reading a more or less profound 
insight into the philosophy and science of law. The thing that dis- 
tinguished them from any other professors at whose feet I have ever 
sat, was the fact that they pursued and pursued with the most con- 



190 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

spicuous measure of success as a calling what they taught as a branch 
of human learning. Day after day they came to the lecture room 
directly from their office tasks, or the struggles of the trial table, to 
expound and illustrate didactically what they were constantly apply- 
ing in practice, and their lectures upon abstract legal principles were 
therefore informed to such a vivifying extent by the incidents and 
lessons of their own professional experience as to render these lec- 
tures, as I have intimated, no mean types of philosophy teaching by 
example. There was little danger of such men as they wasting time 
upon the purely antiquarian or black-letter aspects of the law, 
or not discriminating wisely between what the young practitioner 
might just as well have and what he could not afford to dispense with 
at all. They knew from personal experience, the best of all teachers, 
exactly what his real wants were, and how best to supply them, and it 
is with a grateful heart that I for one testify that they spared no effort 
to supply them. Since the first beginnings of written or printed 
knowledge the men who write books and the men who turn ideas 
in books to practical purposes have been engaged in mutual reproach, 
the former condemning the latter as shallow pretenders, and the latter 
condemning the former as blundering pedants. How happy, there- 
fore, must appear a system of instruction which weds learning and 
practice, and confers upon its corps of teachers the strength which 
springs from the union of scientific precision and thoroughness with 
actual experience. Of the four eminent lawyers, whom I have mentioned 
as constituting the faculty of law, when I was at the University, there 
are still three living, and of their individual characteristics as lecturers 
it would hardly become me to speak, though I know no task that would 
be more agreeable to one who could perform it without presumption 
than that of analyzing their varied powers and accomplishments. 
I will only say that Major Venable had the same humorous way of 
looking at things then that he has now. I recollect that on one 
occasion, despairing of obtaining any intelligent answer from one of 
my classmates with respect to the circumstances under which the 
writ of habeas corpus can be suspended, he eyed his pupil quizzically 
for a moment, and then inquired, '' How is it suspended anyhow? Is 
it suspended by a hook?" 

Of the fourth of my preceptors. Col. Marshall, who is now dead, it 
may not be amiss for me to speak more fully. As an advocate as we 
all know in addition to his other remarkable endowments, he had an 
imagination which not infrequently found expression in truly vivid 
speech, and a wit which glistened at times hke a jewel. But those 



IQl 

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 



gifts were kept in a state of stem repression when l^e l««t««d- ^'^ 
fectures were characterized by an intellectual seventy wh ch le t no 
com for any display except snch as belongs to extreme Inc.drty of 
thought and statement. In the faculty of clear, te-'^^-P^^f ^m 
would have been hard to find his superior in any ecture loom 
His propositions left his lips in such condensed pointed fornas tha^we 
found no difficulty in transcribing them in our note-books almost 
word for word as he went along. Especially strong was he m dea ling 
with the nicer and more elusive distinctions which belong to the law 
of contract, such were the extreme subtlety and acuteness of his 
mental operations. If ever there was a lawyer who could divide a 
hair between the north-east and north-west side, and then go on 
indefinitely with the process of subdivision, with the strictest reference 
the points of the compass, it was he. A reply illustrative of the 
caustL'side of his wit was told me by the late John M.Hood^shortly 
before the latter's death, and as it was new to me I ^f//*;* ^^S^^'' 
may have been long familiar to you. "Why," asked Mr. Hood, refe - 
ing to one of our citizens who was especially obnoxious to the Colonel 
"is Mr -called 'General'?" "Because," answered the Colonel, he 
is nothing in particular." Like a good many other generals m our 
midst this general, whilst doubtlessly everas ready as the best of us 
To defend himself or his country, had acquired his mihtary appe«.t.on 
without any considerable effusion of his own or anybody else s blood. 
Nor can I abandon the vein of reminiscence which I have opened up 
this evening without referring to the individual who was the Provost 
o' he University when I was there. I mean the late Severn Teackle 
Wallls, a name that will never cease to be cherished by this co™™-' ^ 
so long as manly grace and dignity, stainless honor, inviolate fldehty 
to lofty ideals, shining accomplishments, and talents equal to any 
tasks short of the highest requirements of creative genius are re- 
^ec ed and admired by the children of men. Most of us are famih^r 
wTh him as a learned counsellor and a brilliant advocate, a public 
man who did more to rescue popular government from corruption and 
selfishness than any one person who ever lived in our midst, a wri er 
of rare power and charm, and an orator worthy of any -f^^^^ 
oratory has ever exerted a masterful ascendancy over the human 
mind. How distinguished were his achievements in these directions 
more than one memorial in this city abundantly attests^ Walk into 
thePeabody Library and the first object *at meets the eye is h^ 
bust. Stroll down Washington Place, and there tas ^t^te tdb 
us that this community passed by many a man who held higher official 



192 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

stations than he did, and were crowned with a much larger measure 
of temporary success than he was, to confer that noble proof of its 
love and reverence upon the man who gave it a new sense of human 
dignity and worth, and of all that was best in its own social and poli- 
tical traditions. Walk into our imposing Court House, and there in 
its vestibule we find the bronze image of Fame striving to reach his 
honored head with her full wreath and only faihng to reach it because 
his life fell upon times that were not worthy of him. Reach him 
whether she does or not, there is not one of us who knew him and came 
under the spell of his character and intellect who does not know that 
if he had held some high diplomatic station, or had been a member of 
the United States Senate, or a Cabinet officer he would have been one of 
the truly famous men of American history. Contrasted with him we 
might say of many a pubhc man who left behind him a reputation far 
transcending his in extent and duration, 

"So 
With the Dove of Paphos might the crow, 
Vie feathers white." 

Not so well known, however, are the services rendered to the Depart- 
ment of Law by Mr. Wallis, as Provost, between the years 1870 and 
1894. It is sufficient to say that to the duties of that position he 
brought the same zeal and intellectual superiority which won such 
exalted distinction for him in his other fields of usefulness. Some 
of us will never forget how he appeared year after year at the annual 
Commencement of the Law School sometimes even when ph^-sical 
weakness hung heavily upon him., and in his own inimitable way 
addressed to the graduating class of the year those words of admoni- 
tion and encouragement which sank so deeply into its mind. It is 
not the ludicrous language of local exaggeration, but the simple 
truth to say that one of these addresses which has been embraced in 
his collected works is worthy to be included in any anthology of 
rhetorical masterpieces that has ever been compiled. One of the 
things that fitted him so eminently for the office of Provost was his 
quick sympathy with youth and all its enthusiasms and generous 
aspirations. It was my good fortune to be invited by him when I 
graduated to one of the dinner parties which he usually gave to some 
of the members of the graduating class after each commencement. 
Such a captivating strain of wit and humor and sparkling observa- 
tion as he poured that night into our delighted ears, I shall never for- 
get so long as the tree climbs up to the light and some men are more 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 



193 



than others. The t ening passed away and morning came and we 
would have Ungered until dawn if he had not with an easy courtesy, 
which could even pull out a watch on a loitering guest without offend- 
ing him, called our attention to the fact that it was 4 a.m. 

But it is time for me to be done. I cannot close, however, without 
making just a bare reference at any rate to one circumstance which 
it seems to me imparts a pecuUarly fortunate character to the rela- 
tions of the Alumni of the Law Department of the University at least. 
Most of them after graduating, instead of being widely dispersed, as 
is the case with the Alumni of many Universities, have settled dowii 
for their hfe tasks in the City of Baltimore or the State of Maryland. 
Consequently they do not lose sight of each other as the graduates of 
so many other institutions do, after leaving their common Alma Mater. 
One of my classmates, Mr. William L. Marbury, of whom I have 
already spoken, was for some time the United States District Attor- 
ney for this State. Another, Mr. John C. Rose, is filling that office 
now for the second time. Two members of the class that preceded 
ours. Judges Harlan and Niles, are at present Judges of the Supreme 
Bench of Baltimore City, Judge Harlan being its Chief Judge. Another 
member of the same class, Mr. James P. Gorter, many of us trust, 
will soon be associated as a colleague with them. And so I might 
point out many other members of these two classes who are living 
right here in our midst, meeting each other from day to day, and keep- 
ing perpetually green the friendly feelings which trace their origin 
back to companionship at the Law School. Felicitous indeed are 
conditions so eminently favorable to the continuance of personal rela- 
tions, formed in the early summer of life, when the pulse is so strong 
and the eye is so bright and the blood circulates so warmly and gener- 
ously through our veins. 

And now it remains for me to make but one more allusion to the 
toast, to which I have been responding, and which tells us that the 
University proudly relies upon her Alumni to make good her claim to 
continued pubhc confidence and generous support. Let each one of us 
leave here this night with the fixed determination, so far as in him 
lies, to justify this expectation upon the part of the common nursing 
mother of us all, by contributing personally as far as he can to her 
endowment, by soliciting the pecuniary patronage of others, by 
making known to the world her aims, achievements and merits, and 
above all by exempUfying in his own career and conduct the high stand- 
ards of professional attainment and honorable deportment which 
she laid down for his inspiration and guidance, when he was a student 
within her ancient precincts. [Loud Applause.] 



194 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Our Centennial: 

May our next Centennial find the University rich in 
soHd endowments, and richer still in the priceless treasures 
of high scientific attainments, scholarship and of the 
admiration, affection and pride of hosts of devoted friends. 

Professor John C. Hemmeter's response: 

We have it on very good authority, that of Mr. Lowell, that an 
address may be begun most conveniently in one of three ways; first, 
to make a quotation; secondly, to narrate an anecdote, and thirdly, 
to express a sentiment. To begin with the last method I desire to 
say that, if there is one of the great professions and sciences for which 
all ages have woven the wreath of merit, it is the Science of Medicine. 
A quotation from Homer expresses this in the following words: 

"A wise physician skilled our wounds to heal 
Is more than armies to the public weal." 

And Cicero said: 

"There is no endeavor in which men become so god-like, as when they give 
health to other men." 

In the Proclamation of Charles IX of France, 24th of August, 
1572, he said that all the Protestants of France should be put to death 
on St. Bartholomew's Day. He made one single exception, that of 
Ambroise Pare, the father of French surgery and the inventor of the 
Hgature. 

The battlefields of the American Revolution were blessed by the 
presence of Doctors Mercer, Warren and Rush; and when the French 
army was entirely demorahzed by the fear of plague, Larrey, the 
Surgeon-General, inoculated himself with the plague to show that 
there was no contagion. The army's courage rose and they went 
on to victory. What a glorious record of the history of our science 
since the days when the ancient Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, 
cured the great Pericles with hellebore and flax seed poultices; since 
the days of Aristotle and Galen; down to far later centuries when 
Vesalius gave an accurate description of the structures of the human 
body, and Haller announced the Theory of Irritability and threw 
Hght on so many problems of life; and when Harvey announced the 
circulation of the blood, and Aselli described the uses of the lymph 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 195 

vessels, and Jenner balked the most deadly disease that ever scourged 
Europe, and Sydenham developed the recuperative and physical 
forces of the organism, and the discovery of cinchona bark stopped 
the shivering aches of the world. What a blessing and a joy it is=to 
live in the present age, the age in which Virchow has lived, the 
inimitable master of pathology and anthropology, who demonstrated 
the action of the cells of the body during disease; when Pasteur gave 
to the world his brilliant discovery on the laws that control the 
growth of bacteria and other microscopic organisms; when Koch 
discovered the tubercle bacillus, and Lofflerthe bacillus of diphtheria, 
and both later supplied the cure for these diseases, and Wm. T. G. 
Morton, discovered anaesthesia by ether in 1846, and James Y. 
Simpson made the same discovery by chloroform in 1847, in Edin- 
burgh. Verily, we may beUeve that on that final judgment day when 
the acts of each one that has lived shall be weighed in the balance 
the Hves of Jenner, of Harvey, of Pasteur, of Simpson, and of Major 
James Carroll, who discovered the transmission of yellow fever by the 
bite of the stegomyia, will tower in colossal grandeur over the lives 
of conquerors Uke Alexander the Great, Caesar or Napoleon. 

But I am deviating too far from the title assigned to me. You may 
be led to suspect that the enthusiasm and inspiration derived from 
the achievements of our science lead to infatuation which exercises a 
kind of tyranny in medicine, and that personal preferences are raised 
to the dignity of a creed. I was to speak to you concerning "Our 
Centennial" and the prospects which we hope for in the next hundred 
years ; and right here I wish to emphasize that the first duty of those 
at present in control of the affairs of the University is to formulate 
plans for the estabUshment of a board of trustees, to whom the entire 
administration of the University is to be entrusted. This independ- 
ent administrative board will by Hfting the administrative work of 
the University from the shoulders of the teachers bring about a more 
effective didactic discipline. A further object to be striven for in the 
teaching of the University, is to combine the technical teaching of 
any branch of science with the effort to teach character simulta- 
neously. Universities are destined to train the men of our country, 
the men who are intended to become leaders of thought, and leaders of 
industry. But mere knowledge of things will not save the state and 
cannot serve this purpose. There is great danger to this glorious na- 
tion from the exceptional and heterogeneous mixture of races in its 
population. How can we make a homogeneous nation of this varied 
mass? By education and by training of character. The most enven- 



196 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

omed anarchists and the most dangerous enemies of government, and 
of property, and of hfe, are often highly educated men. The real work 
of the University, and of all schools, is to be judged in its last analy- 
sis, not by what has been taught the pupils, but by what this teach- 
ing has made of them. To have merely created a scholar is not 
enough. What character has the University builded among its 
pupils? That is the test. 

There is some good reason for beheving that the present system of 
administration, the method of government now followed out at the 
University of Maryland is not of the kind that has met with the 
approval of the foremost educators and Academic administrators of 
this country or of Europe. In my opinion an administration by a 
board of trustees entirely independent of the teaching faculties 
would greatly elevate the standard of our University as a center of 
intellectual and moral influence. 

I fear that our present method of university government may not 
enhance our claims to be ranked with the institutions of learning that 
have a right to demand the aid of the great endowments to advance 
education in our country, such as the Rockefeller Educational Board 
and the Carnegie foundation — ^nor am I at all sure that our worn-out 
and superannuated teachers shall under the present system of man- 
agement of our University be entitled to the professional and teach- 
er's pensions, made possible by the Carnegie foundation. All these 
possibilities should set the Regents seriously to thinking on the most 
effective and prompt ways and means to remodel our Academic ad- 
ministration, in order to enable our University to lay claim to the ben- 
efits to be derived from these magnificent philanthropic endowments. 
A heavy responsibility rests upon the Regents in this respect . Are they 
willing to bear the reproaches and odium of the future teachers and 
students of the University? Namely, that they failed to pave the 
way to success by shutting their eyes to the necessities of academic 
reform and thereby making it difficult for the University of Maryland 
to share in the blessings of these and other endowments and imped- 
ing the progress to a higher plane of academic efficiency. 

The old traits under which God created this commonwealth were 
a profound respect for authority with an unappeasable craving for 
free individual initiative, the Anglo-Saxon reverence for law with 
the American capacity for leadership in finding and seizing the 
opportunity. May the future course of our University be guided by 
men who uphold and guard these principles, by men of broad ex- 
perience, keen and conservative judgment and a warm sane heart, 
that always wishes and works for the best. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 197 

Woman: 

Creation 's best and noblest work. 

The edition being extensive, let no man be without his copy. 

Why, man, she is mine own, 
And I as rich in having such a jewel 
As twenty seas, if all their sand were pearl, 
The water nectar and the rocks pure gold. 

I call on Mr. Folger McKinsey, " The Bentztown Bard,'' 
to reply. 

He will tell us something of that "Infinite Variety'' 
which we are assured age cannot wither nor custom stale. 



Mr. McKinsey's poem: 

The captains of the battles, with her faith around them furled, 
Are the masters of the ages, are the conquerors of the world! 
The toilers in the cities and the tillers of the field 
Wear their name upon their banners, as the warrior on his shield; 
The morning breathes a fragrance, and the night is filled with dream 
That she came to Eden garden in her native bloom supreme ! 

We name her name of mother and we name her name of wife — 
Her sweetness is a service in whatever path of life ! 
The magic and the marvel of creation made her last 
That out of all the grandeur all the glory, that had past, 
The Gardener might gather for enf ragrance of the gloom 
This blossom of perfection with the rosy lips of bloom ! 

He made her with the spirit of the mother, that her grace 
Might found the mighty legions of the teeming human race, 
That little arms could fold her and upon her tender breast 
The weary childheart slumber in the dream of childhood rest; 
That men could rise in splendor for the glory of her name 
On the fields of roaring thunder and the ramparts of the flame ! 

He made her wife and sweetheart, that the manhood of the time 
The heights of happy purpose and the hills of hope might climb; 
That men should brave the dangers of old battles fought again. 
That hearts should beat responsive to the hearts of noblemen; 
That love should be exalted and life bend to meet the blows 
In battles of love's beauty for the winning of the rose! 



198 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

He made her out of patience and the all-unselfish heart — 

A sacrificial spirit standing from the world apart! 

He made her of devotion and the all-uplifting trust 

That urges men to effort when the wheels of action rust! 

He made her as a scorning of the mean and low and vile — 

Then filled her heart with sunshine and her April lips with smile ! 

He made her of endurance and the quiet wish to be 
A vine of helpful clinging round the towering forest tree; 
He made her fair as Helen, wise as Portia, sweet as Ruth — 
A vestal of the morning at the stainless shrine of truth! 
As sad as fair Ophelia, and beyond all grace of these, 
As faithful as the faithfulness of lovely Heloise ! 

To her the bugles echo on the summits of the morn. 
And hearts repeat the echo with love's lips upon the horn, 
The sabres flash in conflict and the lances ring in charge 
When down the lists of honor ride the knights of spear and targe ! 
To her the feet of toilers through the lanes of evening roam — 
To her the hearts are singing as they swing the gates of home ! 

Then, lift a glass to woman, to the sweethearts and the wives, 
The mother on whose bosom sleeps the bloom of little lives! 
The toilers in the cities and the tillers of the fleld 
Wear her name upon their banners, as the warrior on his shield; 
The captains of the battles, with her faith around them furled. 
Are the masters of the ages, are the conquerors of the world! 

It was in the early morning hours when the great host 
adjourned from the banquet table, for they had another 
day of important events before them. The time-honored 
St. John's College was to be the hostess on the next day. 
So they adjourned feeling that, 

We live in deeds, not years; in thoughts, not breaths; 

In feelings, not figures on a dial; 

We should count time by heart throbs. 

He most lives who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the best. 

And long after they had left the table one could hear 
the tones of familiar college songs, Should Auld Acquaint- 
ance be Forgot, and Songs of Auld Lang Syne — No ! that 
day and that evening will never be forgotten. The remem- 
brance of its glorious and inspiring events will linger in 
the hearts of the Alumni and friends of the University of 
Maryland as one of their pleasantest recollections as long 
as hearts will last. 



ST. JOHN'S DAY. 

THE PILGRIMAGE TO ANNAPOLIS. 

Nor deem the irrevocable Past 

As wholly wasted, wholly vain, 
If, rising on its wrecks, at last 

To something nobler we attain. 

Longfellow. 

Had the weather been as pleasant as it was on the first 
and second day of the Centennial Celebration "St. John's 
Day'' would have been as popular an event as the day of 
the opening and the day of the great Academic Ceremo- 
nies at the Lyric. Unfortunately "Jupiter Pluvius" was 
not favorably disposed; but although it rained at 12 
m. the Steamer "Latrobe" was crowded with Alumni 
when it left Light Street Wharf at 12 m. and the special 
train which left Camden Station at 1 p.m. for Annapolis 
was filled with enthusiastic Alumni of St. John's College 
and the University of Maryland. As the ceremonies of 
the two previous days had taken place indoors and as 
St. John's College has a very extensive and park-hke 
campus, adorned by numerous beautiful and ancient 
trees, this day was planned as one of outdoor pleasure 
and amusement, a lawn fete had been prepared and the 
splendid Band of the United States Naval Academy was 
ready to give a concert upon the campus. The Cadets of 
St. John's College with their Band were to receive those 
coming from Baltimore on the Steamer "Latrobe" at 
the landing and escort them to the College Park. The 
principal feature of the day was the presentation and 
unveiling of a bronze tablet in the shape of a large beauti- 
ful shield in commemoration of the affiUation of St. 
John's College and the University of Maryland. This 



200 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

marked an important stride in the history of both insti- 
tutions, which from this day on will have one history; for 
these ceremonies marked the amalgamation of St. John's 
College with the University of Maryland; and really as 
far as the educational history is concerned these exercises 
will be remembered as one of the most important events 
in connection with the Centennial of the University. 

The following is the program that was carried out at 
St. John's College on Saturday, June 1, 1907, 

Saturday, June 1 

Excursion to Annapolis (Stag Party) 

Steamer "Latrobe" leaves Pier 10, Light Street, at 12 m. 

LUNCHEON ON BOARD 

March from Annapolis Landing to St. John's College, under escort of Cadets 

and Band 

Address of Welcome .By Hon. J. Wirt Randall 

Presentation of Tablet By Prof. John C. Hemmeter, Ph.D., M .D . 

Chairman of Centennial Committee 

Response By President Thomas Fell 

entertainment on campus 

Special train leaves Camden Station, Baltimore, for Annapolis, over Annapolis 
Short Line, at 1 p.m. Tickets for round trip, 75 cents each. 



ADDRESS OF JOHN WIRT RANDALL AT ST. 

JOHN'S COLLEGE (DEPARTMENT OF ARTS 

AND SCIENCES), OF THE UNIVERSITY 

OF MARYLAND 

CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION, JUNE 1, 1907 



Mr. President, F ellow- Alumni of the University of Mary- 
land, Ladies and Gentlemen: 

It is with peculiar pleasure that we welcome you to 
these halls on what we believe will be, historically, a 
most significant occasion. 

Our thoughts naturally go back to another somewhat 
similar celebration nearly one hundred and twenty years 
ago; to a function held in this very hall where we are 
now gathered. On the eleventh day of November, 1789, 
St. John's College was formally opened, and the union 
with it of the old historic King WiUiam's school was 
actually accompHshed. 

I find in the issue of December 3, 1789, of The Mary- 
land Gazette an Annapohs newspaper, the files of which 
are preserved in the State Library here, and also in the 
Ubrary of the Maryland Historical Society in Baltimore, 
the following account of that ceremony. 

" On Wednesday, the eleventh of November ultimo., St. 
John's College in this city was opened and dedicated with 
much solemnity in the presence of a numerous and respect- 
able concourse of people. The honorable, the members 
of the General Assembly, the honorable Chancellor, the 
judges of the General Court, together with the gentlemen 
of the bar, the worshipful Corporation of the City, and 



202 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

the principal inhabitants thereof, preceded by the scholars, 
the professors and the visitors and governors of the col- 
lege, walked in procession from the stadt-house to the col- 
lege hall. An elegant sermon, well adapted to the occa- 
sion, was preached by the Reverend Doctor W. Smith, 
who presided for the day. An oration was also delivered 
by the Reverend Ralph Higginbotham on the advantages 
of classical education." 

Now the Reverend Ralph Higginbotham was the head- 
master of the venerable King William's School of Annapo- 
lis. While still headmaster of that school, he had been, 
on the eleventh day of August, 1789, elected, as we learn 
from the files of the same paper. Professor of Languages 
of St. John's College, in which Dr. John McDowell had 
already been elected Professor of Mathematics. 

The act of 1785 authorized the m^erger of the two insti- 
tutions. The teachers and scholars, the property and 
funds of King Wilham's School, under that act, became 
the professors and scholars, the property and funds of 
St. John's College; and from that time the two institu- 
tions were consolidated and became identified. We claim 
the right, therefore, although the name was changed with 
the times, to date back the birth of this old college to the 
remote days of colonial settlement, when King William's 
School came into being. King Wilham's School, as its 
name indicates, was founded during the reign of WilHam 
and Mary, the Prince and Princess of Orange, and was 
named after that illustrious prince and statesman, whom 
Macaulay has immortalized and made a hero to the whole 
English race. 

You can see in our library now, ladies and gentlemen, 
many of those " quaint and curious volumes of forgotten 
lore" presented by that king to the school named for 
him; books which in the union with St. John's became our 
property. The royal coat of arms in gold still shines 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 203 

forth upon their vellum covers, scarcely tarnished by the 
two centuries and over that have elapsed since they were 
presented. 

That school was founded in 1694, and was in success- 
ful operation before the close of that century; it was the 
first free school established in America. 

It may be of interest to you to know that this building, 
in which we are now assembled, named McDowell Hall, 
after the distinguished John McDowell, the first presi- 
dent of St. John's, was begun by Thomas Bladen, Gover- 
nor, in 1744, as a residence for the Governors of the Prov- 
ince of Maryland. Owing to an unfortunate disagree- 
ment between the Governor and the Provincial Assem- 
bly (they were always scrapping over their respective 
rights), work upon the building was suspended and it 
remained unfinished until after the Revolution. Then it 
was, by the seventh section of the Act of 1784, which 
granted its charter to St. John's College, given by the 
State to the Visitors and Governors of that college, and 
their successors, "for the only use and benefit of the said 
college and seminary of universal learning forever." 

It was strictly a nonsectarian institution from the 
beginning. Among its original incorporators were the 
Rt. Rev. John Carroll, the Roman Catholic Bishop of 
Maryland, and several prominent ministers belonging to 
various Protestant denominations. The sam.e nonsec- 
tarian character has ever since been maintained in the 
personnel both of its Faculty and of its Governing Board. 

It has sent forth many men who have distinguished 
themselves in all walks of life, civil and miilitary. Gov- 
ernors and Judges, United States Senators and members 
of Congress; legislators in both Houses of our own Gen- 
eral Assembly; ambassadors, divines, lawyers, physicians 
and men eminent in all the affairs of life, whose name is 
legion. The great Washington honored it by sending 



204 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

here two of his nephews, Fairfax and Lawrence Washing- 
ton, and a step-grandson, George Washington Parke 
Custis. 

"Outsiders," says Lowell, "can only be expected to 
judge a nation by the amount it has contributed to the 
civilization of the world." The same might well be said 
of a college. But the silent, the hidden streams of benefi- 
cent influence of such a multitude of educated men are 
impossible to trace; and it is equally impossible to over- 
estimate their civilizing, elevating effect. 

St. John's has nobly fulfilled its mission, as beautifully 
set forth in its charter [in 1784, "the liberal education 
of youth in the principles of virtue, knowledge and useful 
literature, as the highest benefit to society in order to 
train up and perpetuate a succession of able and honest 
men for discharging the various offices and duties of life, 
both civil and religious, with usefulness and reputation." 

It would seem almost invidious, among so many dis- 
tinguished sons of these two consolidated Annapolis insti- 
tutions, to point to any and say with Cornelia, the mother 
of the Gracchi, "These are my jewels;" but I cannot for- 
bear to remind you that among them were the great Wil- 
liam Pinkney and Reverdy Johnson, two of the greatest 
lawyers, orators and statesmen that this State or this 
nation ever produced; and Francis Scott Key, whose 
name shall live in the hearts and on the Hps of men so 
long as the "Star-Spangled Banner" shall float and his 
country or the memory of it shall endure. 

And now we are met to commemorate another event 
in the history of this institution of learning; to bear wit- 
ness to another union of hearts and hands over its ancient 
double altar. 

The law of life is progress and growth — or else decay. 
Evolution from a lower to a higher type of being and use- 
fulness is a rule, a principle of fife, physical, mental and 
spiritual, and it cannot be violated with impunity. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 205 

"Build thee more stately mansions, oh, my soul, 
As the swift seasons roll; 
Let each new temple nobler than the last, 
Shut thee from heaven with a dome more vast." 

And the occasion which brings us together today marks 
the consummation, as we beheve, of an attempt to apply 
this natural law and aspiration to the two institutions 
of learning, which we love and have been appointed to 
guard and advance. It is not, in this case, it is true, an 
absolute merger of the one institution into the other, as has 
been somewhat mistakenly represented, and as was the 
case with King WilHam's School and St. John's College. 
It is rather an affiliation, a confederation, a building of 
a common roof over the heads of the various schools, 
departments and colleges which will hereafter constitute 
the University of Maryland. 

When its charter was granted in 1784, the 33d Section 
expressly authorized St. John's College to enter into such 
alliance with another college therein named; the two 
institutions thereafter to be one university, "by the 
name of the University of Maryland, whereof the Gov- 
ernor of the State for the tim^e being should be Chancellor, 
and the principal of one of the said colleges should be 
Vice-Chancellor; and to frame rules, by-laws and ordi- 
nances for the general government of such university and 
for conferring of the degrees and honors of the university ; 
provided, the same be not repugnant to the constitution 
and laws of this State, or in any manner abridge or destroy 
the separate and distinct rights, franchises and immunities 
of either of the said colleges, as expressly declared and 
granted, in their respective charters or acts of incorpora- 
tion." 

It is along these lines thus indicated in this charter and 
with no intention whatever of surrendering its charter 
or affecting its own distinct individual autonomy as a 



206 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

college, that each of our institutions has entered into 
these contracts of alliance, affiliation and confederation. 
It is a course that has been pursued by other institutions 
in our own land, as well as in England, and one from 
which we hope and believe, and have a right to hope and 
believe, that great benefits will flow to the institutions 
involved, their alumni and the State and public at large. 

Within a few months we shall have two lines of electric 
railroad service between Baltimore and Annapolis; and 
the facilities, conveniences and economies of transporta- 
tion between the two cities (already so much improved 
within the past few years) will be immensely increased. 
The several departments and colleges that will in future 
form the University of Maryland (and we hope and believe 
that both their number and scope will be yet further 
increased) will be as close together in point of time and 
convenience as the several departments of many of our 
great universities. It will be perfectly feasible, for exam- 
ple, as is contemplated, to let those of our seniors who 
propose to study law, take the essential, required courses 
for their academic degree here at St. John's, and at the 
same time attend the afternoon law lectures in Baltimore, 
as their senior elective studies, thus saving a year in the 
combined courses. But time will not permit me even 
to touch upon the many advantages that our respective 
governing boards foresee in the plan of confederation 
that we have adopted; suffice it to say that the more we 
consider it the more we like it, and that opinion, we are 
convinced, is shared by all oui: alumni, with scarcely an 
exception. 

No one who has attended any of the delightful and 
inspiring exercises of the University of Maryland in Balti- 
more this week could fail to be proud of the institution 
with which we are allying ourselves, and of the noble sons 
who have flocked around her to celebrate her one hun- 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 207 

dredth birthday. It was, indeed, a happy omen for her 
future. And I wish to express, on behalf of this old col- 
lege and its Board of Visitors and Governors, our own 
grateful appreciation and cordial reciprocation of the 
very many kind and friendly things which w^ere said dur- 
ing those exercises about St. John's and concerning the 
new and auspicious connection we have established be- 
tween our two ancient institutions. 

And so, gentlemen, fellow alumni of the University of 
Maryland, it is with great and renewed pleasure and satis- 
faction that we now greet you and welcome you here 
today. If I were a preacher and should desire to take 
a Biblical text for these rem^arks, I should choose the 
2d verse of the 54th chapter of Isaiah ; not being a preacher 
instead of beginning with it, I will end with my text : 

"Enlarge the place of thy tent, and let them stretch 
forth the curtains of thy habitations; spare not, lengthen 
thy cords and strengthen thy stakes." That is the rule 
and exhortation of progress which has appealed to us. 



ADDRESS OF PROF. JOHN C. HEMMETER, PRE- 
SENTING THE BRONZE MEMORIAL SHIELD 
TO THE TRUSTEES AND FACULTIES OF 
ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE— ANNAPOLIS 

—McDowell hall, june i, i907 

Mr. President, Your Excellency, Members of the Faculties 
of the University of Maryland and St. John's College, 
Fellow Alumni, Ladies and Gentlemen: 

In this bright abode we are no strangers ; in this vener- 
able hall that gave reception to George Washington and 
Lafayette, we feel at home. It is a very great honor for 
the Alumni, Regents and Faculty of the University of 
Maryland, to be the guests of this time honored institu- 
tion on the third day of one of the most impressive aca- 
demic celebrations ever held in our State. 

As expressed in the eloquent remarks of the speakers 
who have figured in the ceremonies of the previous days, 
it was the plan of the early founders of our State that 
there should be a State University of Maryland, a Uni- 
versity^ of the People, for the People and by the People 
of Maryland. Mr. J. Wirt Randall has given the interest- 
ing history of St. John's College, and its origin from King 
William's School, which was founded in 1694, two hundred 
and fourteen years ago. The affiliation of St. John's 
College with the University of Marjdand is an event in 
the educational history of the State of the greatest impor- 
tance, and in my opinion it marks the beginning of the 
actual execution of the plan to have a State university in 
the sense expressed by many orators during these festivi- 
ties. 



THE MEMORIAL SHIELD PRESENTED TO ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, 

ANNAPOLIS 



.TJj':'0 w'/'K':^ 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 



209 



It has been the desire of the Regents of the University 
of Maryland, and of the Centennial Committee, that there 
should be somxe substantial token of this affiliation, and 
accordingly they have entrusted me with the designing 
and execution of the beautiful and massive bronze shield, 
which you behold upon the wall of this ancient hall. 

You behold there, ladies and gentlemen, a bright cir- 
cular shield fixed into the center of the sohd oak paneb 
and draped with the colors of the University of Maryland 
and St. John's College. The center of this design is the 
shield occurring in the great seal of the State of Maryland. 
Above this shield you find the device or m.otto of St. John's 
College : " Est nulla via invia virtuW " (There is no road 
impassable to virtue)." Below the shield you will find 
the motto of the University of Maryland : " Omnia autem 
iwohate quod honum est teneteV' "Try all things and 
retain that which is good !" The shield and both mottoes 
are encircled by a bronze wreath of laurel, held at the 
lower portion by a ribbon. Immediately inside of this 
laurel wreath you find the following inscription : 



In Commemoration of the Affiliation of 

ST. John's college 

with the 

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 

Presented hy the Regents of the 

University of Maryland 

June 1, 1907 



Nothing could be more proper and befitting than that the 
emblem commemorating the affihation of two great educa- 



210 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

tional institutions, so time-honored, and whose records are 
so intimately entwined with the early history of our State, 
should contain the shield of the State of Maryland. 
From where the white surf of the Atlantic Ocean rolls over 
the capes at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, to the blue 
mountains that offer such an incomparably beautiful 
view over fertile plains and majestic rivers, this State 
gives habitation for a people that unite the valor and 
sturdiness of the Lacedaemonian with the intellectual and 
moral power of the Athenian. In them the intellectual 
culture and fortitude are blended in the same characters. 
What an empire State this would have been had not destiny 
willed it that the fiercest battles of two great wars, one 
for national freedom and independence, the other a con- 
flict between sister States should take place on its soil. 
To be a buffer State between conflicting nations was more 
destructive to progress than to be actually taking part 
on either side. But God has been with our people, and 
is still with them and guiding the fate of their institutions- 
In his forty-fourth aphorism Heraclitus says, 'War is 
the father of all, and has produced some as gods and some 
as men, and has made some slaves and some free." 

XLIV. -nuXsixoz TrdvTiov fj.sv nar-qp — itrri itavrutv ds ^atriksu:;, xai -oh' 
fiiv 0s<tu~ sl'dsc^s dk a'^dpWTzou-, roh^ fxkv douXow^ inotrjire roh^ dk iXsudipdw; . 

Our people have been trained, mentally and physi- 
cally, in the fire of physical conflict. Their minds, also, 
by intellectual culture, and in the struggle for existence; 
and up to thirty years ago St. John's College and the 
University of Maryland were the principal institutions 
in this State in which the mind of the gromng race could 
be trained. 

A new era is dawning for these institutions. They have 
cemented their interests and united their influence for 
the advance of all that is good and beautiful and true. 



REMARKS MADE BY THOMAS FELL, Ph.D., LL.D. 

PRESIDENT OF ST JOHN's COLLEGE, MD. 

AT THE UNVEILING OF THE TABLET COMMEMORATING 

THE AFFILIATION OF THE COLLEGE WITH THE 

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, JUNE 1, 1907 

It was ever the dream of George Washington that 
Maryland should have a university, democratic in its 
origin, democratic in its tendencies — a university for the 
people of Maryland. 

This dream has remained a dream for more than a cen- 
tury, but may it not be said that in pursuance of that 
dream St. John's College has at length been established 
as a coordinate part of the University of Maryland. 

Nothing is more real or persistent than dreams of great 
men, whether statesmen like Bismarck or Gladstone, or 
poets like Dante and Petrarch, or prophets like Savon- 
arola. 

States are overthrown, literatures are lost, temples are 
destroyed, but somehow truth and beauty, art and archi- 
tecture, ideals of liberty and government, of sound learn- 
ing and of the education of youth, these immortal dreams 
are revived from age to age to take concrete shape before 
the eyes of successive generations. 

It is, therefore, with much satisfaction and pride, and 
with high appreciation of the artistic taste manifested 
by those who prepared it, that I receive this memento 
of the affiliation of St. John's College, the original founda- 
tion, with the Professional Schools in Baltimore now 
known as the University of Maryland. 

It seems to be particularly fitting that this tablet should 



212 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

be placed in this hall. Here, where George Washington 
and Lafayette have been; here, where they have cast a 
halo of reverence by the influence of their presence, is 
essentially the spot where the fulfilment of that dream 
should be memorialized. 

It is therefore my earnest hope that the union thus 
auspiciously initiated may become more firmly cemented 
through succeeding years as time rolls on. 



The committee in charge of affairs on board the steamer 
"Latrobe" were Mr. Oregon Milton Dennis, Dr. T. O. 
Heatwole, Drs. T. A. Ashby, R. M. Bruns, James Latane, 
B. Merrill Hopkinson and Henry P. Hynson. Between 
the various addresses in McDowell Hall the splendid band 
of the United States Naval Academy delighted the audi- 
ence by its excellent performances of classical niusic. 

After the ceremonies a reception was held and refresh- 
ments served in the Faculty and President's Rooms. 
A large number of representative ladies of Baltimore and 
Washington aided Mrs. Edwin Warfield, and Mrs. Thomas 
Fell in receiving the guests at McDowell Hall. 



THE FOURTH AND CONCLUDING DAY OF THE 
CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. BACCALAU- 
REATE SERMON 

BY BISHOP LUTHER BARTON WILSON, S.T.D., LL.D, (ALUMNUS 

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, 1877) 

AT MT. VERNON M.E. CHURCH, BALTIMORE, MD. 

SUNDAY, JUNE 2, 1907. 

" Quemadmodum desiderat cervus ad fontes aquarum; ita desiderat anima 
mea at te, Deus." Psalmus XLII: 1. 

Once more they all assembled, attired in their academic 
costumes, and this time in the house of the Lord. Before 
they were to separate, after attending the largest and 
most impressive reunion held in the history of the Univer- 
sity of Maryland, they were to give thanks to the Father 
of All for the great blessings that had been bestowed upon 
their Alma Mater, for the moral and intellectual strength 
which had fitted them for life, and for the great joy which 
this academic festival had granted them. They were to 
Hsten today to the words of a brilliant medical man, an 
alumnus of thirty years standing, who had attained to 
the dignity of a distinguished bishop. 

As Rev. Dr. John Timothy Stone had stated in his 
prayer on the day of the official opening exercises. May 
30th, "The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom," 
so now on the concluding day of the ceremony the still 
inner voice spoke to the scientific men, scholars assembled 
in the church that " the peace of God surpasseth all under- 
standing.'^ 

Bishop Luther B. Wilson is the son of Dr. Henry M. 
Wilson, who acted as President of the mass meeting of 
all alumni on January 22, 1907. 



214 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

1807 1907 

CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

OF THE 

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 
PROGRAMME OF SERVICES 

ON THE OCCASION OF THE 

BACCALAUREATE SERMON 

BY 

BISHOP LUTHER BARTON WILSON, S.T.D., LL.D. 

AT 

MT. VERNON PLACE 
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 

BALTIMORE, MARYLAND. 

SUNDAY, JUNE 2, 1907, 
10:30 a. m. 

Hymn 415 ^ Faith of Our Fathers. 

Faith of our fathers! hving still 

In spite of dungeon, fire and sword: 

O how our hearts beat high with joy 
Whene'er we hear that glorious word! 

Faith of our fathers ! holy faith ! 

We wiU be true to thee till death! 

Our fathers, chained in prisons dark. 
Were stiU in heart and conscience free: 

How sweet would be their children's fate. 
If they, like them, could die for thee! 

Faith of our fathers! holy faith! 

We will be true to thee till death! 

Faith of our fathers! we wiU love 
Both friend and foe in all our strife! 

And preach thee, too, as love knows how. 
By kindly words and virtuous hfe: 

Faith of our fathers! holy faith! 

We will be true to thee till death! 

— Frederick W. Faber. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 215 

PROGRAMME 

Sunday, June 2, 10.30 a. m. 
11.00 a. m., Organ Prelude. 

Anthem Gloria — 12th Mass. 

Hymn Faith of Our Fathers— Frederick W. Faber 

Creed. 

Anthem Except the Lord Build the House 

Prayer Rev. Wilbur F. Sheridan, D.D. 

Pastor Mt. Vernon Place Methodist Episcopal Church. 

Anthem The Wilderness 

Baccalaureate Sermon Bishop L. B. Wilson, S.T.D. 

Prayer. 

Anthem Hallelujah Chorus 

Benediction. 

JAMES E. INGRAM, JR., Musical Director. 
B. MERRILL HOPKINSON, A.M., M.D., Soloist. 
The audience will stand during the singing of the hymn and the Hallelujah 
Chorus and the reciting of the creed and prayers.] 

[The congregation in the galleries wiU kindly remain until the audience on 
the lower floor retires, which will be in the reverse order in which they entered.] 

CENTENNIAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 
John C. Hemmeter, M.D., Phil.D., LL.D. 

President Committee of Regents and of the Centennial Committee 

B. Merrill Hopkinson, A.M., M.D., 

Secretary 

marshals 
G. Lane Taneyhill, A.M., M.D., Chief 
Henry M. Wilson, A.M., M.D. Thomas Fell, Ph.D., LL.D, 

Charles Caspari, Jr., Phar.D. H. P. Hynson, Phar.D. 

J. P. Gorter, LL.B. John Houff, M.D. 

Charles E. Sadtler, A.M., M.D. Clyde V. Mathews, D.D.S. 

D. M. R. CuLBRETH, A.M., M.D. A. D. McConachie, M.D. 

H. H. BiEDLER, M.D. E. E. Kelly, Phar.G. 

T. O. Heatwole, D.D.S. Isaac H. Davis, D.D.S. 

Arthur M. Shipley, M.D. Walton H. Grant, A.B. 

CENTENNIAL UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 

Exercises at Mt. Vernon Methodist Church, Mt. Vernon Place, Baltimore, Sunday, 
June 2, 1907, 10.30 a.m. 

instructions 
To avoid delay, as soon as your hat and satchel are checked in Room No 2, 
first floor, promptly repair to your assigned room as designated below, and remain 
there until your marshal calls you to fall in hne. All divisions will form " by twos" 
who will march to the front doors, separating into single file as they enter the church 
where the marshals will assign you to pews. 



216 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

ORDER OF PROCESSION 

Division No. 1. — Marshals, Taneyhill and Wilson. 

Governor Warfield. Bishop Wilson. 

Mayor Mahool. Dr. Sheridan. 

Visiting Ministers. 

Invited Guests, including Representatives of other 

Universities and Honor Men. 

Regents of all departments. 

(To assemble in Pastor's Study, Room 1, First Floor.) 

Division No. 2 — Marshals, Biedler and Sadtler. 

Faculties of all departments. 
(To assemble in Room No. 3, First Floor.) 

Division No. 3 — Marshals, Hough and Kelly. 

Alumni of all departments in Academic Costume. 
(To assemble in Room No. 4, Upper Floor.) 

Division No. 4 — Marshals, Davis and Grant. 

Undergraduates (and friends) of all departments. 
(To assemble in Room No. 5, Basement Floor.) 

Note. — Citizens admitted on Lower Floor after Division No. 4 has entered the 
church if there be any vacant pews. 



MARYLAND UNIVERSITY CENTENARY ENDS 



IMPRESSIVE SERVICES AT MOUNT VERNON PLACE CHURCH 



BISHOP L. B. WILSON PREACHES THE BACCALAUREATE SERMON IN 
PRESENCE OF INVITED GUESTS, HONOR MEN AND THE REGENTS, 
FACULTIES, ALUMNI AND UNDERGRADUATES OF 
UNIVERSITY — IMPOSING PROCESSION OF 
TEACHERS AND STUDENTS PRE- 
CEDES THE SERVICES 



The centennial celebration and commencement ceremonies of the 
University of Maryland were formally concluded Sunday, June 2, 1907, 
with impressive services at Mount Vernon Place Methodist Episcopal 
Church, when the baccalaureate sermon to the graduates was preached 
by Bishop Luther Barton Wilson, S.T.D., LL.D. 

The services were preceded by a procession of the invited guests, 
including representatives of other institutions of learning, and honor 
men, and the regents, faculties, alumni and undergraduates of all 
departments of the university. Nearly all in line, excepting the 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 217 

undergraduates, were attired in caps and gowns. They assembled in 
the chapel, in the rear, and marched around on Charles street to the 
front of the church in columns of twos, separating in single files as they 
entered and proceeding thus up the side aisles. The invited guests, 
boards of regents, ministers and faculties occupied seats on the plat- 
form and the others were assigned to the front pews. 

ORDER OF SERVICES 

The galleries were thronged with worshipers long before the entry 
of the procession. The order of exercises on p. 215 was carried out. 

BISHOP Wilson's sermon 

Bishop Wilson chose as the text for his sermon John, iv,38: "Other 
men labored and ye are entered into their labors." In part, he said: 

The centuries, unlike in detail, are yet alike in their trend and 
philosophy. One finds in them all the imitation of masterful leaders 
associated with the patient plodding of those whose labors are indis- 
pensable in the outwork of plan. There are the stretches where the 
current runs rapidly and the eddies where the stream seems to turn 
back upon itself, but the movement is ultimately forward. 

Stand at the close of any age, any century, and this movement is 
clear. Looking down and backward you can see the solitary places 
peopled, can see the rude clothing changing to the garb of a more 
refined age, can see the dwelling growing little by little, can see old 
forces turned to new account, thundering cataracts turned aside to 
light new cities, can see the world bonded into one neighborhood, can 
see also the workshop with its new equipment of power and the home 
and workshop of the common man are fairer symbols of our civiliza- 
tion than are the palaces of kings. 

COMMON MAN HAS BEEN GROWING 

But the dweller is more than the dwelling, the worker than the 
shop— and the common man, likewise, has been growing. You will 
not look to see saintlier souls than Enoch, Abraham and St. Paul or 
mightier prophets than Isaiah; you will not find greater thinkers than 
Homer and Shakespeare, but the common man has risen above the 
measure of the long ago. He has listened to the songs of the singers 
until the world has come to have for him a new meaning; he has gone 
to school to the great thinkers and has learned the beauty of the 



218 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

common things. The message of the larger things. The warriors 
have fought for him and the priests have prayed for him. 

If the dreamers had not caught and told the vision of the hills he 
would have been satisfied with the valley view. Those other men 
have inspired his faith, too, and he has climbed up to see God and the 
city which has foundation and with the tingling ecstacy of discovery 
has found himself the greatest entity this side of Heaven. What this 
man, what we his followers owe to those other men no one of us can 
measure. 

It will happen, however, that we shall find among those other men 
those who did not round out the scheme of their high purpose. This 
artist has left upon the easel a picture which he could not finish. 
That cathedral builder, with plan of transcept and nave, foundation 
and tower, must leave it all when the walls are scarce showing above 
the earth. What then? Shall we despise them on that account or 
lessen our praise of them. 

Of Louis Agassiz, whose birthday was celebrated only this last 
week, it was said that if in details his labors were somewhat defective, 
it was only because he had the courage to attempt that which was too 
much for any one man to accomplish. That is the story, the story 
of men whose reach was greater than their grasp. 

Moses looks out upon us. He has clasped all Israel in his arms and 
will not rise even to the vision and fellowship of God unless he can 
Hft up his people with him. 

Shaftesbury sees England's wrongs and yearns to right them; sees 
her oppressed and longs to befriend them. Can he round out such a 
scheme in one little day? Livingston sees the night of a continent, 
puts his shoulders under it, tries to lift it into light. His poor, tired 
heart cannot wait to see the darkness turned to day. 

LEGACY LEFT TO THE PRESENT 

I do not commiserate you that the problems are not all solved. I 
may have pity for the world, but felicitation for you who find in the 
legacy from those other men the tasks unfinished, The greatest 
treasure you can have is in the opportunity thus brought to you, the 
chance to lend a hand in making a better world. But open eyes will 
see likewise the secret of the passion and achievement of those other 
men. 

Ian Maclaren is true to the philosophy of life when he draws the 
portrait of the Scotch doctor among the hills, portraying MacLure not 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 219 

only in those rides through snow and flood, not only in those hours of 
struggle with the ills of the highlands, but when in the last night he 
lets you hear those faint lips speaking slowly the prayer which the 
mother taught a long time ago, the prayer which he has reverently 
uttered every night of his life. To be at its best life must be linked 
to God. 

Haller, of Gottingen, the great German master, who made of 
physiology a science, took time from the busy hours of life to meditate 
upon God and the future, and in his diary writes, "May I not only 
know, but feel that if I have not peace with Thee, my God, I have 
nothing." 

So with Lister and Sir James Simpson, who, when asked as to his 
greatest discovery, answered, "My greatest discovery is this, that I 
am a sinner and Jesus Christ is my Saviour." So with your great 
toilers, who, by their far-reaching purposes, have welded the centuries 
together. Simple faith and brilliant genius alike factoring in the 
results which give luster to history. 

You will not be satisfied with a living; even the thought of a life 
shall not, must not, satisfy you unless that life is one in which the 
thought of God and the great world's need has crowded from the 
throne the sordid and sensuous. 

MASTERS IN ACTION 

In the Epistle to the Hebrews one reads the eleventh chapter and 
sees the masters in action, then one passes to the twelfth chapter to 
find the gallery filled with them, these who have witnessed to their 
own high purpose and now, perhaps, are witnesses of us. 

Here then are the other men at last. They plead with you to take 
up the tasks their hands laid down, fight out the battles which they 
boldly began. Think of them and catch inspiration from them. 

See there also that other man, purest among the mighty, mightiest 
among the pure. See him, and in his faith and fear in imitation of 
the other men accept the heritage, giving yourselves to the hastening 
of the common good, whose consummate glory is in that one divine 
event toward which by the providence and grace of God the whole 
creation moves. 

MUSIC AND DECORATIONS. 

The musical numbers by the Mount Vernon Place Church choir, 
under the direction of Mr. James E. Ingram, Jr., and with Dr. B. 
Merrill Hopkinson as soloist, were quite a feature of the services. 



220 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

The church was appropriately decorated for the occasion, the 
University of Maryland colors — maron and black — predominating 
in the color scheme. The platform was draped with these colors and 
in three vases thereon were as many large bunches of maroon peonies. 
As a centerpiece of the platform decorations was displayed a large 
representation in bronze of the seal of the university. 

Among those who occupied seats on the platform were May^r J. 
Barry Mahool, Bishop L. B. Wilson, Rev. Dr. Wilbur F. Sheridan, 
pastor of the church; Prof. John C. Hemmeter; Dr. Samuel C. Chew, 
Dr. G. Lane Taneyhill, Dr. R. Dorsey Coale, Dr. Thomas Fell, Judge 
Henry D. Harlan, Judge Henry Stockbridge, Mr. John P. Poe, Prof. 
Francis A. Soper, Dr. W. T. Howard, Dr. Henry M. Wilson, father 
of Bishop Wilson; Prof. L. C. Neale, Dr. H. M. Biedler, Dr. Chas. 
Caspari, Dr. Krager, Drs. C. W. Mitchell, F. J. Gorgas, J. W. Harris, 
H. P. Hynson, D. M. R. Culbreth and D. Base. 

The following is the response of the Regents sent to all 
American and foreign universities who had been repre- 
sented at the Centennial Celebration, or who had sent 
congratulations or academic greetings: 

To the President and Trustees or the Rector and Senate of the University 
of 

The Regents of the University of Maryland have received with 
great gratification your kindly greetings upon the celebration of the 
Centennial of our foundation, and thank you most heartily for the 
warm expressions of your good will and sympathetic interest in our 
prosperity and progress. 

We are stimulated and encouraged by your generous commendation 
and in the years to come shall earnestly strive to make our University 
more and more worthy of your regard and appreciation. 

Sincerely wishing for you the highest measure of usefulness and 
success in your noble and distinguished labors, we are 

Very gratefully. 

Your obedient servants, 

Henry Stockbridge, 

Provost. 
John Prentiss Poe, 

Secretary. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 221 

Other acknowledgments from the Regents are these : 

To the General Centennial Committee of the Universitij of Maryland, 
Gentlemen: The Regents of the University are very happy to be 

able to say that our recent Centennial Celebration was a. complete 

success in every particular. 

To your well-sustained and judicious labors this most gratifying 

result is entirely due. 

You designed and carried out all the arrangements in a way that 

left nothing to be desired, and the Regents acknowledge very heartily 

their deep obhgations to you for the excellent taste and thorough 

efhciency with which, from beginning to end, your difficult task was 

done. 

The University in all its Departments will receive fresh impetus 
and stimulating encouragement from this interesting and memorable 
Celebration, and the Regents have commissioned me to thank you, 
one and all, most cordially for your invaluable services and for the 
brilliant success that crowned your work. 
With grateful appreciation, I am. 

Very truly yours, John Prentiss Fob, 

Secretary. 

To the Rev. Wilbur F. Sheridan, Pastor, and to the Board of Trustees of 
ML Vernon M. E. Church, 

Gentlemen: I am commissioned by my colleagues of the Board of 
Regents of the University of Maryland at our first meeting since the 
close of our Centennial Celebration to send you our heartiest thanks 
for your great kindness in freely giving to us the use of your beautiful 
church for our Baccalaureate services on June 2nd, inst. 

The occasion was in every respect a memorable one, the gathering 
very notable, the music impressive and inspiring and the sermon 
by Right Rev. Bishop Luther B. Wilson one to whose singular beauty, 
appropriateness and power too much admiration and praise cannot be 

given. . . . 

We all highly appreciate the generous and gracious spirit with 
which you and your congregation so cheerfully surrendered your 
church to our use and thus enabled us to crown our Centennial exercises 
with a most fitting and elevating conclusion. 

With great respect and warmest acknowledgment,! am, gentlemen, 
Very truly yours, John Prentiss Poe, 

Secretary. 



222 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

To the Ladies' Reception and Entertainment Committee, 

Ladies: The Regents of the University of Maryland acknowledge 
very heartily their deep obligation to you for your efficient services 
in providing and serving your most acceptable luncheon to us and our 
guests on the Opening Day of our recent Centennial Celebration. 

It made the exercises of the day most attractive and enjoyable and 
it is with peculiar gratification that, on behalf of my associates of the 
Board and by their direction, I beg you to accept our most grateful 
thanks for your gracious hospitality. 
I am, ladies, with great respect. 

Very truly yours, John Prentiss Poe, 

Secretary. 

To the Baltimore Choral Society, Mr. Robert LeRoy Haslup, Conductor. 

Ladies and Gentlemen: The Regents of the University of Mary- 
land desire to express their deep obligation and thanks to your Society, 
and to your able director, for the splendid performances of Academic 
choruses on occasion of the Centennial Celebration of this University, 
May 31, 1907. 

Musical connoisseurs of acknowledged ability and experience have 
pronounced your rendition as being of very high musical merit. It is 
a special gratification to me and the members of our Music Committee, 
Prof. John C. Hemmeter and Dr. B. Merrill Hopkinson, to beg you to 
accept their most sincere thanks for your artistic and gracious services. 
Very truly yours, John P. Poe, LL.D. 

Secretary Board of Regents. 



JYHAM 10 rTIfeiiaVIMU 



MAJOR JAMES CARROLL, U. S. A. 
M.D., 1892; AND LL.D., UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, 1907 



g^n jHemoriam 
MAJOR JAMES CARROLL 

OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY YELLOW FEVER COMMISSION, 

AND THE DISCOVERY OF THE TRANSMISSION OF 

YELLOW FEVER BY THE BITE OF THE 

MOSQUITO ''STEGOMYIA FASCIATa" 

By John C. Hemmeter, M.D., Phil.D., LL.D. 

Professor of Physiology, University of Maryland 

A scientific and medical discovery so far reaching in the 
blessings it bestows upon the human race, that it is not 
exceeded in this respect by any other discovery in the his- 
tory of medicine, has been made by three American Army 
Surgeons. The names of these three men are Major Wal- 
ter Reed, Major James Carroll, both Surgeons in the 
United States Army, and Dr. Jesse W. Lazear, Acting 
Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A. A fourth member of the 
U. S. Army Yellow Fever Commission was Dr. Aristides 
Agramonte, Acting Assistant Surgeon in the U. S. Army, 
a Cuban by birth and, as I am informed by former Surgeon 
General, U. S. A., Geo. M. Sternberg, he was an immune. 
Dr. Agramonte is the only one of the U. S. A. Yellow Fever 
Commission who is still living. 

When we consider, that this Commission first came 
together in June, 1900, all of its members being then vig- 
orous and healthy young men, and that the last American 
of this Commission, the third to die, departed this Hfe m 
September, 1907, from the indirect results of a severe 
attack of yellow fever, experienced seven years ago, we 
will gain an insight into the severity of the duties of these 
philanthropic pioneers of American Medical Science. Dr. 



224 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Jesse W. Lazear died on September 28, 1900. He had 
been stung on September 13 by a mosquito, which chanced 
to ahght upon his hand. He beheved this insect to be a 
'^common ordinary brown mosquito," and not a Culex 
fasciatus, but as he permitted this insect to fill itself with 
his blood, there is no exaggeration in saying, that he know- 
ingly and willingly accepted all the chances of a voluntary 
inoculation, which brought on a violent attack of yellow 
fever, that ended his highly useful life in a hospital at 
Quemados, Cuba. His infection by the mosquito took 
place in Las Animas Hospital, located in the outskirts of 
Havana. 

Major Walter Reed, U. S. A., who was the chief of the 
Yellow Fever Commission, acted as chairman and head of 
affairs, died on November 22, 1902, in Washington, six 
days after an operation undertaken for appendicitis. 

Dr. Jas. Carroll, Major and Surgeon, U. S. A., with 
whom this article deals more especially, died in Washing- 
ton on the sixteenth of September, 1907, after a protracted 
illness, which had given manifestations of a more or less 
severe character for the last six or seven years. In fact, 
Carroll told me personally during a banquet, which was 
given to Prof. Paul Ehrlich, of Frankfurt a/M, by Prof. 
William H. Welch, of Baltimore : 

I have never been a well man since that awful attack of_ yellow 
fever in August, 1900. 

We may justly conclude that two of the three American 
members of this Commission died as martyrs, and the 
Chief of the Commission, Dr. Walter Reed, though he was 
fortunate enough to escape an attack of yellow fever, and 
as head of the Commission it has been suggested by Pro- 
fessor Welch, was ordered not to submit personally to the 
sting of the yellow fever mosquito; yet when we reflect, 
that appendicitis is frequently caused by certain chronic 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 



225 



catarrhs and microbic diseases of the colon, acquired espe- 
cially in the tropics, and by the vicissitudes of an unaccus- 
tomed diet, as well as the exposure of travel, we may, 
without much stretch of imagination, appreciate that the 
indirect cause of Reed's early death, was the result of his 
work and exposures, when a member of the U. S. A. Yel- 
low Fever Commission. 

No such pilgrimage of three pathologists and chnicians 
into a country, infected with a dangerous disease and seal- 
ing with their hves a briUiant discovery, is known to me in 
the entire history of medicine ; and in making this statement 
I do not depend entirely upon my own knowledge, for I 
have consulted many speciaHsts on the history of medicine ; 
nor is the achievement of these three men, considered either 
from the purely scientific or from the humanitarian aspect, 
exceeded by any other single medical discovery, except 
perhaps the discovery of anaesthesia, which is also an 
American achievement, or the discovery of protective vac- 
cination by Jenner; or the bacillus of tuberculosis by 
Koch. The weight of this assertion may be better under- 
stood by reading an article pubhshed by Reed and Carroll 
in the Neiv York Medical Record, October 26, 1901, entitled 
''The Prevention of Yellow Fever." From the statistics 
there collected, covering a period froml793 to 1900, there 
have not been less than 500,000 cases of yellow fever in 
the United States within that period. 

In addition to this, we cannot disregard the loss to com- 
merce, interstate and international transportation, and 
the direct financial losses. It is stated by Horlbeck, 
Chairman of the Committee appointed in 1897, to investi- 
gate the cause of yellow fever, that the total loss to the 
country caused by the epidemic of 1878, was not less than 
$100,000,000. 

When Karl Lamprecht in his "Americana" (Freiburg 
I/B.), states that all the achievements of the American 



226 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Nation could be wiped out, as if they never had occurred, 
and still the human race would be none the worse, he 
makes a disparaging assertion, not in the agreement with the 
great historians of his own country; but certain it is beyond 
all doubt, that the work of the U. S. A. Yellow Fever Com- 
mission has produced a result, viz: the discovery of the 
transmission of yellow fever by a specific mosquito, the 
blessings of which will last forever. Nor could Lamprecht 
at all have been a thorough student of American scientific 
endeavor, when he asserts that the only outcome of Amer- 
ican existence as a nation, so far, has been " a great experi- 
ment in democracy." 

The facts narrated in the following were obtained largely 
from Major James Carroll, himself, my personal friend, dur- 
ing many interviews, and from the articles given as refer- 
ences in the text. 

For a biography of Major Walter Reed and his scientific 
work the reader is referred to the volume by Dr. Howard 
A. Kelly, entitled ' ' Walter Reed and Yellow Fever, New 
York, 1906." About ten pages of this book are devoted 
to a brief sketch of the life and work of Major Carroll, and 
about eight pages to the much beloved and lamented Dr- 
Jesse W. Lazear, who was a Baltimorean by birth, and a 
man of exceptional personal magnetism, in addition to 
possessing rare scientific versatility. 

Before and during the year of 1897 there were two views 
proposed regarding the infectious or causative agent of yel- 
low fever: One was by Dr. (then Major-Surgeon) George 
M. Sternberg, who in 1897 was a member of the first Yel- 
low Fever Commission appointed by the United States 
Government. For years Dr. Sternberg, later on Surgeon- 
General of the United States Army, had made systematic 
investigations of the bacteriology of yellow fever, in Vera 
Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, New Orleans and other harbor cities 
of the South. It was impossible to continue his research 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 227 

after he entered on the duties of Surgeon-General; but as 
a result of his work up to that time he gained the view, 
that an organism, the Bacillus X, was the infectious agent. 
The second organism proposed as the cause was the 
''Bacillus icteroides" of SanarelH {Semaine Medicate, Paris, 
1897, p. 253). 

Prof. WilHam H. Welch, of the Johns Hopkins Univer- 
sity, has expressed his views concerning the work of Sur- 
geon-General Sternberg, done since the first Yellow Fever 
Commission was appointed in 1879, as follows, in the Med- 
ical News, June 21, 1902, p. 1198 : 

His work with yellow fever would stand forever. He said it was a 
common thing in these busy days to forget the steps, wWch led up to 
an important discovery. All that Dr. Sternberg had done in the 
study of yellow fever was necessary work, and it had to be done just 
in the way that he did it. The ground had first to be cleared; if it 
were not so the discovery had not been possible, and later discoverers 
themselves would have had to hunt out the large host of microorgan- 
isms, which Dr. Sternberg had described and laid aside. His careful 
work practically resulted in the view, that a bacteriological origin 
of this disease could not be claimed, and it was on a priori, grounds, 
that he himself felt, that Sanarelli's bacillus was not the cause of yel- 
low fever. His study of others' discoveries was most careful and 
most critical; it was not wasted endeavor. 

In the demise of Dr. James Carroll, Major-Surgeon, 
U. S. A., September, 1907, there is lost to Medical Science a 
most briUiant investigator. Among the many useful men 
that have lived, there stand few whose immense contribu- 
tions to the welfare of mankind equal that of James Car- 
roll; indeed it can be said, that as an example of keen 
insight, indefatigable energy and superhuman generosity, 
this man was peer to any medical pioneer. 

The efforts, by which he came to acquire the technical 
knowledge, which made him famous, are best set forth in 
a plain simple statement of his early life ; and then all may 
know the ineffaceable trait of perseverance, which char- 



228 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

acterized every effort in his worthy Hfe, the acceptance of 
every duty as it came, and the fullest discharge thereof, 
with constant steady strides towards his goal-achievement. 

Major Carroll was born in Woolwich, England, June 5, 
1854. His parents were James and Harriet Carroll. His 
early training was at the Albion House Academy, Wool- 
wich, England, until 1869. In 1874 he enlisted as a pri- 
vate in the U. S. Army, and was progressively promoted to 
Corporal, Sergeant and Hospital Steward. Here was cre- 
ated his desire for the study of medicine, and by dint of 
hard work and perseverance he received the degree of Doc- 
tor of Medicine at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, 
in 1891. In 1888 Major (then Sergeant) Carroll married 
Miss Jennie M. George Lucas, of Cleveland. 

After his graduation at the University of Maryland, 
Baltimore, in 1891, Dr. Carroll studied pathology and 
bacteriology in a special course and was occupied in post 
graduate work under Prof. William H. Welch at the Johns 
Hopkins University until 1893. During the summer of this 
year he worked independently at the World 's Fair in Chi- 
cago in the Army Laboratory, and it was not until Septem- 
ber, 1893, that he met Dr.Reed,inthe Army Medical School, 
Washington, D. C, where he reported by order of Surgeon- 
General Sternberg, U. S. A. At this time Dr. Carroll was 
Lieutenant Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., and in this ca- 
pacity his first great work began. His first order was to 
assist in the investigation of the statement of Sanarelli, 
that he had demonstrated the specific etiologic organism 
of yellow fever. This work was done in Cuba in 1897- 
1902, and with Reed and others he found conclusively the 
error of Sanarelli, and at the same time disproved Surgeon- 
General Sternberg 's theory, that the Bacillus X was the 
specific causative factor. Bacillus X of Sternberg was 
found to be an atypical Colon bacillus, and that of Sanarelli, 
the bacillus icteroides, to belong to the hog cholera group. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 229 

Concerning the publication of these findings, the Medical 
News, April 29, 1900, editorially says : 

There remains open for ambitious American bacteriologists a very- 
interesting problem of etiology (referring to the cause of yellow fever), 
whose study the United States possession of Cuba and Porto R,ico will 
greatly facilitate, and whose importance can scarcely be overesti- 
mated. Any discoveries in the matter will confer lasting fame upon 
the investigators. 

The publication of Drs. Eugene Wasdin and H. D. Med- 
dings, of U. S. Marine Hospital Service in an official report, 
Report of Medical Officers detailed by authority of Presi- 
dent McKinley, adopted the ground occupied by Sanarelli, 
and proclaimed in their report : 

That the microorganism, discovered by Prof. Guiseppe Sanarelli of 
the University of Bologna, Italy, and by him named the Bacillus 
icteroides, is the cause of yellow fever. 

The work at Quemados, Cuba, of Major Reed, Major 
Carroll (then Lieutenant), Dr. Jesse W. Lazear and Dr. 
Aristides Agramonte, appointed at the suggestion of Sur- 
geon-General Sternberg, as a Board of Army Medical Offi- 
cers, established by repeated autopsies, that the Bacillus 
icteroides was, when present, a secondary infection in 
yellow fever, but was not present in a single case of 
repeated examinations of the blood of living cases of yellow 
fever, nor in the organs at autopsy of fatal cases of a long 
series of cases, examined by them. Therefore said they : 

Bacillus icteroides stands in no causative relation to yellow fever, but 
when present should be considered as a secondary invader in this 
disease. 

At that time there stood rather prominently before the 
medical profession repeated assertions by Dr. Carlos J. Fin- 
lay, of Havana, Cuba, that the mosquito was a possible 
agent in the transmission of yellow fever. Dr. Finlay 
had no well defined idea as to the relation of the disease 



230 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

and the mosquito, but suggested, that yellow fever was 
principally due to an inflammation of the endothelium and 
intima of the blood vessels, and that the penetration of 
the proboscis of the mosquito into these vessels resulted 
in infection of the proboscis, and then an infected mos- 
quito might, by biting a non-immune, mechanically trans- 
fer the infection to the party thus bitten. 

Drs. Reed, Carroll and Lazear, then (1900), stationed 
at Columbia Barracks, Cuba, directed their attention to 
Dr. Finlay's theory (advanced nearly twenty years pre- 
viously) but as nearly all of Dr. Finlay's experiments to 
sustain his theory, had been performed in such a loose 
manner, that it was not proper to attach much importance 
to them, because his results might have been as well coin- 
cidental as rational, certainly nothing had been proved; 
Prof. William H. Welch is of the opinion, that Dr. Carlos 
J. Finlay's efforts to prove his hypothesis were so con- 
tradictory, that they tended rather to invalidate than 
strengthen his assertions. 

Now it appeared to those, who frequently, constantly 
and freely discussed the possible theories of yellow fever 
infection, that the disease of yellow fever bore a marked 
relationship to malaria in that it occurred only when mos- 
quitoes were present, and under such conditions as sug- 
gested, that the organism, whatever it might be, was pos- 
sibly like malaria, in that it underwent apparently some 
just such or similar life cycle with the mosquito as inter- 
mediate host. To no one in particular of these can all the 
credit for this idea be given, as it seems, that the frequent 
daily interchange of ideas was so close, that the resolution 
to pursue this line of investigation was really an offspring 
of their conjoin ted suggestions. Medicine owes to the 
brilliant discoveries of Sir Patrick Manson and Major 
Ronald Ross, of the British Army, the first definite knowl- 
edge of the part played by mosquitoes in the transmission 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 231 

of malaria (see Nuttal's paper, Johns Hopkins Hospital 
Report, 1899; also work by H. A. Kelly, ''Walter Reed 
and Yellow Fever," p. 104-108). Dr. Agramonte, who 
was stationed at Havana, did not share in these delibera- 
tions to investigate in a systematic manner this method of 
infection. This method involved as a primary step to test 
whether or not the disease could be transmitted by the 
mosquito. This fact, eliminated or established, was deter- 
mined upon, and with this determination arose the resolu- 
tion to use human beings as experimental subjects. In 
order to justify such a responsibility, the Commission, at 
Carroll's suggestion, determined to show the tremendous 
risk of self-sacrifice along with whomsoever they could 
procure among the non-immune for such dangerous 
experiments. 

At this time, August 4, 1900, Major Reed was recalled 
to the United States from Cuba, and the real responsibility 
both moral and medical, fell upon Dr. James Carroll. 
Doubtless, had Dr. Reed remained upon the island, he 
too would have offered himself as did his colleagues upon 
the altar of self-experimentation in their pursuit of such 
much needed knowledge. The fact is, however, that he 
was in the United States, when those tremendous strides 
towards the light, which revolutionized prophylaxis and 
hygiene as concerns yellow fever, were made. A year 
later, in November 22, 1902, that most highly esteemed 
investigator, Major Reed, fell a victim to a fatal attack of 
appendicitis, and his death, occurring in Washington, 
D. C, at the time that this work was going on, and closely 
following that of the martyr Lazear, and illness of Major 
Carroll, led many of the laity to the belief, that Reed died 
as a result of yellow fever, inflicted upon himself in the 
interest of humanity. Such inoculation is suggested by 
Samuel H. Adam's article in McClure^s Magazine for 
June, 1906, where he says, concerning yellow fever : \ , 



232 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Lazear died a martyr to humanity and is remembered by one, when 
the lesser heroes of our Cuban battlefields are acclaimed by thousands. 
Carroll barely escaped with his life, and Major Reed, shrinking from 
no peril, which his companions braved, came through unscathed, by 
virtue of some natural immunity (?), only to die of another illness 
the following year. 

The actual fact, however, remained that, virtually, Car- 
roll was the hero of the hour. It was he, who first pro- 
posed experiment on the human being himself; it was he, 
who offered his arm in the laboratory on August 27, 1900, 
and permitted Dr. Lazear to apply to it a mosquito, that 
had previously been known to have bitten four severe 
cases of yellow fever; it was he, who was at the helm dur- 
ing the crucial hour of the trial; it was he, who first actu- 
ally demonstrated by positive proof, that yellow fever is 
transmitted by the Stegomyia fasciata; it was he, who 
later on prevented acceptance of erroneous ideas concern- 
ing the specific organism. Although these experiments 
were continued in a large number of cases after Dr. Reed 
returned to Cuba to manfully carr}^ out the work, which 
Drs. Carroll and Lazear had begun, he did not assume the 
risk of auto-inoculation. In explanation of this, it has 
been suggested, that he had orders not to do so, as nothing 
could be further accomplished by such human sacrifice of 
the chief of the Commission. So really this most heroic 
act of self-sacrifice was born in the breast of Carroll, and 
as his example was so conspicuous it can scarcely be denied 
that it served in no small way as an incentive to the many 
other acts of philanthropic patriotism in the Army of vol- 
unteers for this dangerous service. In truth may it be 
said, that without this almost incredible self-sacrifice of 
Carroll, the experiments would have been so hampered, 
that it is doubtful whether any positive conclusions 
could have been attained. 

The reports of the United States Fever Yellow Commis- 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 233 

sion, because of army rank, bear Dr. Reed 's signature as 
senior officer, and such he was, but Carroll was the man, 
whose marvelous heroism and accuracy, whose persistency 
whose indefatigable energy, stood more of the brunt of 
the fight than any one man, this not to detract in the 
slightest, however, from the most valuable direction of 
Reed, and assistance of Lazear and Agramonte. 

When Major Reed left Cuba for the first time after the 
initial visit of the Commission to this island (August 4, 
1900), Carroll and Lazear began their systematic investi- 
gation of Finlay's theory, that the mosquito was the 
source of infection. Dr. Agramonte, by order of Major 
Reed, was not apprised of this line of work. Dr. Finlay 
furnished the eggs, from which were hatched the mos- 
quitoes first used in these experiments. These mosquitoes 
were kept until maturity free from any source of contam- 
ination. The men, who were to be experimented upon, 
were hkewise kept in quarantine, so as to guard against 
other sources of infection (vomits from yellow fever 
patients being then regarded as a very dangerous source 
of infection) . Then Dr. Lazear infected nine healthy non- 
immunes, including himself, with these mosquitoes, which 
had been allowed to bite yellow fever patients. But 
either because the mosquitoes had not been kept suffi- 
ciently long after their having thus bitten these patients, 
or had bitten them too late or too early in the course of the 
disease, no experimental cases of yellow fever developed 
from these experiments. Dr. Carroll, nothing daunted, 
then had one mosquito bite a severe case of yellow fever 
on the second day of the disease, and afterwards three 
others at intervals of six, eight and ten days, and then 
allowed Dr. Lazear to apply the mosquito to his own arm, 
caused the -first experimental form of this disease to he pro- 
duced, August 27, 1900. The illness of Dr. Carroll was 
that of a typical severe case of yellow fever, charts of 



234 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

which can be found in his subsequent reports. (See Ameri- 
can Pubhc Health Association Reports, 1900). Through- 
out this critical illness of Dr. Carroll, Surgeon-General 
Sternberg was considerate enough of Mrs. Carroll and her 
five children in Washington to keep them posted of Major 
Carroll's condition by daily cable. Four days after 
Major Carroll's infection, Dr. Lazear, with four infected 
mosquitoes (one of which being the same that was used 
upon Dr. Carroll), succeeded in producing another case, 
in a private soldier, who, with full knowledge of the dan- 
ger, and with free consent, allowed himself to be used in 
the interest of these experiments. 

The following is quoted from ^'A Brief Review of the 
Etiology of Yellow Fever," New York Medical Journal 
and Phil. Med. Journal (consol.), February 6 and 13, 1904 : 

The insect, which had been hatched and reared in the laboratory, 
had been caused to feed upon four cases of yellow fever, two of them 
severe and two mild. The first patient, a severe case, was bitten 
twelve days before, the second, third and fourth patients had been 
bitten six, four and two days previously, and their attacks were in 
character, mild, severe, and mild, respectively. In writing to Dr. 
Reed on the night after the incident I remarked jokingly, that if there 
were anything in the mosquito theory I should have a good dose; and 
so it happened. After having shght premonitory symptoms for two 
days I was taken sick on August 31, and on September 1,1 was carried 
totheyellowfevercamp. My life was in the balance forthree days and 
my chart shows on the fifth, sixth, and seventh days that my urine con- 
tained eight-tenths and nine-tenths per cent of moist albumin. The 
tests were made by Dr. Lazear. I mention this particularly, because the 
results obtained in this case do not agree with the twentieth conclu- 
sion of Marchoux, Sahmbeni and Simond, that the longer the interval 
that elapses after infection of the mosquito, the more dangerous he 
becomes. Twelve days, the period above cited, is the shortest time, 
in which the mosquito has been proved to be capable of conveying the 
infection. It is my opinion, that the susceptibility of the individual 
bitten is a much more potent factor in determining the severity 
of the attack, than the duration of the infection in the mosquito, 
or the number of mosquitos appUed. On the day that I was taken 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 235 

sick, August 31, 1900, Dr. Lazear applied the same mosquito with 
three others to another individual, who suffered a comparatively 
mild attack, and was well before I left my bed. Thus it happened 
that I was the first person, to whom the mosquito was proved to con- 
vey the disease. On the eighteenth day of September, five days 
after I was permitted to leave my bed. Dr. Lazear was stricken and 
died in convulsions just one week later, after several days of delirium 
with black vomit. Such is yellow fever. (Written by James Carroll.) 

Dr. Lazear, while attending to his duties in a yellow 
fever hospital, was accidentally bitten by a stray infected 
mosquito (he, while sick, called it an ''ordinary brown 
mosquito"), and fell prey to the disease on September 25, 
1900. The attempt to give due credit to the magnificent 
altruism and genius of these men would lead me to falter 
in the effort to eulogize their work. 

But Dr. Henry D. Holton, in the Presidential Address of 
1902, of the American PubUc Health Association, struck 
a sympathetic chord in the hearts of all humanitarian 
aesclepiads, when he says : 

The patriotism of the miUtary as they spring to the defense of their 
country, always deserves and receives the applause of the populace. 
Their deadly conflict on the battlefield is made easy by martial music, 
the booming of artillery, the rattle of the infantry fire, and the advanc- 
ing step of comrades. How much more should we recognize the 
course of such devotees of science as Drs. Carroll and Lazear, who 
filled with a great philanthropic love for humanity, calmly, quietly, 
without the cheers or even the knowledge of the multitude, silently 
submitted themselves to the test to determine in what way this pesti- 
lence was communicated. We are told, ''Greater love hath no man 
than this, that a man lay down his life for his friend." We find that 
James Carroll and Jesse W. Lazear, fired and impelled by their great 
love for their fellow men, did offer their bodies as a sacrifice upon the 
altar of scientific investigation to the end, that in the years to come, 
hundreds of thousands might escape this pestilential death 

The practical result of all this work and sacrifice has 
been evidenced this past summer, not a case of yellow fever 
has originated in Cuba for the past fourteen months. The 



236 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

quarantine period has been shorter by three months, 
thousands of hves and multitudes of treasures have been 
saved, and a feehng of security has filled the communities- 
of the southern portion of the United States. 

Dr. Carroll, after his illness, returned to the United 
States, to recuperate his health, until the middle of Novem- 
ber, 1900, when he again went to Cuba to continue his 
work. In the meantime, basing his knowledge upon Car- 
roll's experiments. Dr. Reed published the second conclu- 
sion of the Army Commission, i. e., ' ' The Mosquito serves 
as the intermediate host for the parasite of yellow fever." 
American Public Health Association Meeting at Indian- 
apolis, October 22-26, 1900. 

Upon Dr. Carroll's return to Cuba, he established a 
camp near Quemados and named it, in honor of his dead 
comrade, ^'Camp Lazear." Here he continued his inves- 
tigations as to the etiology of yellow fever, and in Febru- 
ary, 1901, the Commission was able, by such Investiga- 
tion, to establish further valuable data, published as con- 
clusions in ' ' Additional Notes : On the Etiology of Yellow 
Fever by Reed, Carroll and Agramonte" (^Journal Amer. 
Medical Assoc, February 16, 1901. 

1. The mosquito Culex fasciatus or Stegomyia fasciata serves 
as the intermediate host for the parasite of yellow fever. 

2. Yellow fever is transmitted to the non-immune individual by 
means of the bite of the mosquito, that has previously fed on the blood 
of those sick with this disease. 

3. An interval of about twelve days or more after contamination 
appears to be necessary before the mosquito is capable of conveying 
the infection. 

4. The bite of the mosquito at an earUer period after contamina- 
tion does not appear to confer any immunity against a subsequent 
attack. 

5. Yellow fever can also be experimentally produced by the sub- 
cutaneous injection of blood taken from the general circulation during 
the first and second days of this disease. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 237 

6. An attack of yellow fever produced by the bite of the mosquito 
confers immunity against the subsequent injection of the blood of an 
individual suffering from the non-experimental form of the disease. 

7. The period of incubation in thirteen cases of yellow fever has 
varied from 41 hours to 5 days and 17 hours. 

8. Yellow fever is not conveyed by vomits, and hence disinfection 
of articles of clothing, bedding and merchandise, supposedly contami- 
nated by contact with those sick of this disease is unnecessary. 

9. A house may be said to be infected with yellow fever only 
when there are present within its walls contaminated mosquitoes capa- 
ble of conveying the disease. 

10. The spread of yellow fever can be most effectively controlled 
by measures directed to the destruction of mosquitoes and the protec- 
tion of the sick against the bites of these insects. 

11. While the mode of propagation of yellow fever has now been 
definitely determined, the specific cause of this disease remains to be 
discovered. 

Subsequently the U. S. Army Board submitted a report, 
^^Experimental yellow fever/' by Reed, Carroll and Agra- 
monte, American Medicine, July 6, 1901, in which are 
described the clinical features of the experimentally pro- 
duced disease, and in ^Hhe prevention of yellow fever," 
by Reed and Carroll, New York Medical Record, October 
26, 1901, they describe the Stegomyia fasciata, mode of 
Hfe, habitat, breeding places, together with methods for its 
suppression. 

In 1901, during the summer. Dr. Carroll was again 
detailed to go to Cuba for the purpose of continuing the 
investigation into the causation and prevention of yellow 
fever. During this summer Dr, Carroll demonstrated by 
experiments, that the etiologic agent for yellow fever 
would pass through a Berkefield filter, which would pre- 
vent the passage of the Micrococcus aureus. He demon- 
strated its thermal death point at 55 C, when left at this 
temperature for ten minutes, although he could find noth- 
ing to which to ascribe the cause itself of the disease. He 
autopsied a fatal case of experimental yellow fever (a case 



238 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

of Dr. John Guiteras), the first fatal case experimentally 
produced, and found identical lesions with non-experi- 
mental yellow fever. 

All of Dr. Carroll 's work has been reviewed and con- 
firmed by U. S. Marine Hospital Service at Vera Cruz, and 
by a Commission from the Pasteur Institute working in 
Brazil ('^La Fievre Jaune" by M. M. Marchoux, etc., 
Annales de 1 'Institute Pasteur, November, 1903), and 
today stands practically as he reported unadded, to and 
without correction. 

Under date of October 26, 1901, Major Reed, the head 
of the Yellow Fever Commission, writes Dr. Carroll con- 
cerning that summer 's work saying : 

My dear Doctor: 

I h&ve just received your letter of the 22d and hasten to congratu- 
late you on the thorough manner, in which you have accomphshed 
the task assigned you. The results could not have been better, and 
throw a flood of Ught on the etiology of yellow fever. We can now 
go ahead and submit a contribution on the etiology of yellow fever. 
This we must do promptly after we have discussed all the later results. 

Again congratulations. Hoping to see you back soon. 

Sincerely yours, 

W. Reed. 

This they did in an article, ''The Etiology of Yellow 
Fever, a Supplemental Note" {American Medicine, Feb- 
ruary 22, 1902). 

This later piece of work, just hke the first most impor- 
tant experiments, all fell upon the shoulders of Carroll. 
That he well bore that responsibility is best attested by 
the letter of Reed just cited, which at the same time shows 
upon whom the real responsibility rested, and gave him 
credit for the work done. In reporting this work as the 
first. Major Reed, of course, by reason of his superior mili- 
tary rank as Army Surgeon, appears in the Medical litera- 
ture and Army reports, as being the head of the Commis- 
sion, which technically he was, though, as already pointed 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 239 

out, Carroll was the man really behind the guns, and in 
actual personal charge during the crucial tests, and at the 
Carroll Memorial Meeting of the Johns Hopkins Associa- 
tion for Medical History as Prof. Wm. H.Welch has repeat- 
edly said to me personally, ^ ^ Carroll was the real hero of 
this memorable commission.'' ' 

After the lamented death of Reed, November, 1902, 
Dr. Carroll still continued to take an active part in the 
study of yellow fever, and in November, 1903, he pub- 
lished an article setting forth in detail his work investi- 
gating the Mixococcidium stegomyiae, alleged by Working 
Party No. 1, Yellow Fever Institute, U. S. PubHc Health 
and Marine Hospital Service, to be the specific cause of 
yellow fever. This organism Dr. Carroll demonstrated to 
be a yeast fungus, and not at all related to the causation 
of yellow fever. He found it present in mosquitoes fed on 
over-ripe bananas purposely besmeared with yeast cul- 
ture, but always absent, when mosquitoes were fed on lab- 
oratory media as above described. See Journal American 
Medical Association, Nov. 28, 1903, entitled ' ' The Etiol- 
ogy of Yellow Fever — An Addendum." 

During March, 1903, in reply to Dr. Finlay 's assertions, 
that the XJ. S. A. Commission had not given him proper 
credit for the mosquito theory in explaining the etiology 
of yellow fever, Dr. Carroll published an article ^^The 
Transmission of Yellow Fever" {Journal American Medi- 
cal Association, May 23, 1903), in which a very accurate 
account of the work done by Dr. Finlay and by the Com- 
mission is given, and in it Dr. Finlay is given full credit for 
advancing the theory of the mosquito as probable causative 
factor, but shows the real work and proof to have been 
done by the Army Commission by more precise and scien- 
tific methods. 

In commenting upon the work of the U. S. Army Com- 
mission, Dr. H. H. Donally, George Washington Univer- 
sity, published November, 1906, makes the comment: 



240 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

The value of the work of MajorReed, the ranking medical officer of 
the Commission, has been made so prominent since his death as to 
appear to echpse the essential work of his colleagues, Lazear and Car- 
roll, by whom was first acutally demonstrated that the Stegomyia 
fasciata is the source of yellow fever infection. 

Thus it shows that while Reed himself made no effort to 
take credit due to others, still the very rank, that he held 
as superior, tended to confuse those not intimate with the 
real work, and by whom done, and in this manner let the 
work of Carroll be underestimated. Carroll himself knew 
this, though no public expression of his ever insinuated it. 
However, his real feelings are gotten at by reading a per- 
sonal letter to the writer. Carroll and myself were close 
personal friends, our friendship dating from the time, 
when Carroll was at the University of Maryland an under- 
graduate, and later when he was affectionately known as 
^^Jim" Carroll. I had many personal interviews with 
him and conversations concerning his experiences in Cuba, 
and, in March, 1907, I wrote to my friend informing him, 
that the degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, would be 
conferred upon him in May, 1907, at the One-Hundredth 
Anniversary of the University of Maryland, in recogni- 
tions of his valuable contributions to science. The follow- 
ing is, with one omission, a copy of his last letter to me, 
and I am told the last he ever wrote, and the remark at the 
end of this letter, ' ' Great is the Truth, and it will prevail,^ ^ 
had reference to the fact, that Carroll knew, that I was in 
full possession of all the data of his life work, and it was 
but a natural expression of gladness, that his fellowmen 
would realize later on the real worth of his great sacrifice, 
for he himself had never laid claim to recognition. What 
had come to him, came by sheer force, and over the barrier 
of subordinate army rank. His last letter to me was writ- 
ten partially in the recumbent position in bed. I had no 
knowledge of the gravity of his illness, otherwise I would 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 241 

have visited him in Washington and saved him the labor 
of letter writing. 

This is a copy of his last letter : 

Washington, D. C, 
UBS Clifton St. N. W., May 27, 1907. 
Dear Friend Hemmeter: 

Of course you will have deemed me ungrateful and inappreciative 
of the great honor to be conferred upon me by the Old University, my 
honored Alma Mater, but it is not so. I have been sick in bed since 
February 17, running a temperature every day, except for three days, 
when it was temporarily controlled by aspirine. As I write now my 
temperature is above 100 (2 p.m.) and rising, and I am sitting up 
contrary to the advice of my physician friends. Nevertheless I have 
felt all along, that I would send nothing but an autograph reply, and 
this I have delayed day after day in the hope, that I would soon gain 
sufficient strength to write a long and satisfactory letter. The visit 
of my dear friend. Dr. I. S. Stone, enabled me to rest more comfort- 
ably afterward, because I felt, that he would explain the circum- 
stances to you. I am sorry to say that during the past four or five 
days my heart has needed a little coaxing, for all my attempts to sit 
up proved too much, though I felt very well while lying down. 

With this explanation I trust you will pardon my apparent rude- 
ness in thus delaying my response to your communication, that made 
me very happy indeed. I assure you most sincerely that, apart from 
personal affliction, it gives me the deepest sorrow to feel, that I am 
forced to be absent from such a happy and inspiring reunion. As it 
is, I feel that if I am up and about with a serviceable though dam- 
aged heart within 30 days, I shall have cause for further congratula- 
tions. 

Permit me to express to you as best I can my humble appreciation 
of the high honor to be bestowed upon me, and to hope that at some 
future date I may be able to express my gratitude in person. 

In one of your letters you ask for a list of pubUcations, which I 
enclose. It will give me great pleasure to send you a set of such of 
the reprints as I have. 

You ask me, whether I was infected as the result of our work. Cer- 
tainly I was. I was the first to propose, that we submit and the first 
to be infected, though not the first to be bitten. 

I am sending by this mail a paper by my friend. Dr. H. H. Donally, 
and this may be relied upon as accurate in every particular. 



242 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

There is no foundation for the statement, that Dr. Reed aided me 
very materially in securing my medical education. As a matter of 
fact, he had nothing whatever to do with it, and I was never associ- 
ated with Dr. Reed in any way until I met him at the Army Medical 
School in Washington late in September, 1893. The order for me to 
proceed there was issued upon recommendation of Surgeon-General 
Sternberg. At this time I had obtained my medical degree at the 
University of Maryland, had taken my post-graduate courses in 
bacteriology and pathology at the Hopkins (see Register 1891-1892 
and 1892-1893) and had put in one summer working independently 
in the Army Laboratory at the World's Fair in 1893, for which I hold 
a certificate. 

Great is the Truth and it will prevail! 

Believe me most gratefully, 

Fraternally and sincerely yours, 

(Signed) James Carroll. 

The Degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, was con- 
ferred upon Dr. James Carroll by his Alma Mater during 
the Centennial Celebration of the University of Maryland, 
May 30 to June 2, 1907. As he was very sick at the time, 
it was the only degree I conferred on an American in 
absentia. 

The University of Nebraska also conferred the same 
honorary degree upon him. 

In March, 1907, Carroll's mihtary rank was raised from 
Lieutenant Surgeon to Major in the U. S. Army, by special 
Act of Congress. This Act of Congress was undoubtedly 
prompted by the following recommendation of the National 
Legislative Council of the American Medical Association, 
pubhshed in the Journal of the American Medical Associa- 
tion, January 20, 1906 : 

Report on Government Recognition of the Services of Dr. 
James Carroll. 

Dr. John S. Fulton, of Maryland, introduced the following: 
Whereas, In the Year of our Lord Nineteen Hundred, a Yellow 
Fever Commission was appointed by the Army of the United States 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 243 

to investigate the causes of yellow fever and to devise means for its 
eradication, the said Yellow Fever Commission consisting of Dr. 
Walter Reed, surgeon in the Army of the United States, Dr. James 
Carroll, Dr. Jesse Lazear, and Dr. Aristides Agramonte, acting assist- 
ant surgeons in the Army of the United States ; and 

Whereas, The said Yellow Fever Commission, consisting of Dr. 
Walter Reed, Dr. James Carroll and Dr. Aristides Agramonte (Dr. 
Jesse Lazear, deceased), did then and there determine the cause of 
yellow fever, and devise means for its prevention, by which means 
yellow fever was eradicated from Havana and Cuba, and thousands 
of lives have been saved in the United States and other parts of the 
Western Hemisphere; and 

Whereas, Dr. Jesse Lazear, an acting assistant surgeon in the 
Army of the United States, did subject himself to the bite of an 
infected mosquito, from which bite Dr. Lazear suffered death; and 

Whereas, Dr. James Carroll, an assistant surgeon in the Army of 
the United States, did subject himself to the bite of a mosquito 
infected with yellow fever, being the first attack ever experimentally 
produced ; be it 

Resolved, That the National Legislative Council of the American 
Medical Association expresses its appreciation of the valuable work 
accomplished by the Yellow Fever Commission in the interest of 
humanity, the material and bodily welfare of the people and of the 
Army of the United States, and of the heroism and devotion of the 
aforesaid Major Walter Reed (deceased), Dr. James Carroll, Dr. Aris- 
tides Agramonte and Dr. Jesse Lazear (deceased) ; and be it further 

Resolved, That this Council commend to the Government of the 
United States adequate recognition of the gallant and meritorious 
services of the said Dr. James Carroll, the only surviving member in 
the Army of the United States of the said Yellow Fever Commission. 

The following quotation from the British Medical Jour- 
nal, September 8, 1906, will serve as an indication of the 
esteem in which the achievements of the American Yellow 
Fever Commission are held in England : 

Major Ronald Ross's discovery, that malaria is conveyed by mos- 
quitos, which act as an intermediate host, has not only led to suc- 
cessful measure to practically eradicate malaria with its attendant 
evils, but has given the clue to the cause of yellow fever and its treat- 
ment, etc. The first positive proof, that the Stegomyia was the car- 



244 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

rier of the infecting agent of yellow fever, was given, when Carroll, 
in July, 1900, offered himself for a test experiment with a self-sacri- 
fice worthy of all praise. He had a very narrow escape, but Lazear, 
of the American Commission, and Myers, of Liverpool, lost their 
lives. That the labors and said deaths of these heroic men were not 
in vain is amply attested by the remarkable vigor and success, with 
which the recent plague was stamped out, and the exemption secured 
by Havana and other pest centers. 

In an editorial, the British Medical Journal, September 
8, 1906, proposes that the Nobel prize be divided between 
Dr. James Carroll and Dr. Aristides Agramonte. This at 
a date, when Carroll was still living : 

In regard to yellow fever, Panama affords as striking an object les- 
son as Havana of the incalculable benefit to mankind, that has fol- 
lowed the discovery of the cause of the disease and the manner of its 
transmission. The glory of the work, which has had this striking con- 
summation is shared by several men. The credit of the conception 
belongs to Dr. Carlos Finlay, who propounded the idea many years 
ago without attracting from the profession any attention but an 
occasional contemptuous notice. More fortunate than many true 
begetters of new truths, Dr. Finlay, at the meeting of the Pan-Ameri- 
can Medical Congress, held at Havana, in 1901, was acclaimed by the 
assembly as the author of the discovery, which has already been so 
fruitful of good effects. Dr. Carter was another pioneer in the work, 
which was brought to completion by the American Commission. 
Ultimately death snatched the reward from the hands of Walter Reed 
and Lazear, but Drs. Carroll and Agramonte still survive. It would, 
we think, be a fitting acknowledgment of the work of these four men, 
if the Nobel prize were divided among them. It will scarcely be 
denied by any one conversant with the facts, that their work is of far 
greater importance than that of several, to whom the prize has been 
awarded in the past few years. The only original research work, 
whose practical results can be held to compare with it, is that, which 
had brought malaria, that monster, which till lately claimed so vast 
a tribute of human Hves, within the control of man. 

The following is quoted from the message of the Presi- 
dent of the United States to the Senate (59th Congress, 
Second Session, Document No. 10) : 



UNIVEKSITY OF MARYLAND 245 

On August 2, 1900, before the mosquitoes were ready for experi- 
ment, Dr. Reed was called back to Washington to prepare for pubh- 
cation the abstract of the report of the board, appointed in 1898 to 
investigate the spread of typhoid fever in the volunteer camps in 
the United States, of which board he was president. 

During Dr. Reed's absence the inoculations by means of the mos- 
quito were begun. On August 11, Dr. Lazear made the first experi- 
ment, but nine distinct inoculations on persons including himself and 
acting Assistant Surgeon A. S. Pinto were unsuccessful. We know 
now that these failures were due to two facts, first, that patients after 
the third day of the disease cannot convey the infection to the mos- 
quito, and second, that after having bitten a yellow fever case, the 
mosquito cannot transmit the disease until after an interval of at 
least twelve days. On August 27 one mosquito was applied to Dr. 
Carroll, one which happened to fulfil both of these conditions. The 
result was a very severe attack of yellow fever, in which for a time his 
life hung in a balance. This was thus the first experimental case. 
The fever developed on the thirty-first of August, on which day Dr. 
Lazear appUed the same mosquito which bit Dr. Carroll with three 
others to another person. This man came down with a mild but 
well-marked case. 

The second member of the commission was Dr. James Carroll, that 
time acting acting assistant surgeon. United States Army. 

Dr. Carroll is now 52 years old. He entered the military service 
June 9, 1874, and served as private, corporal, sergeant and hospital 
steward from that date to May 21, 1898, when he was appointed acting 
assistant surgeon. He was appointed first lieutenant and assistant 
surgeon in the Medical Corps, October 27, 1902, which rank he still 
holds. 

Dr. Carroll was Dr. Reed's truest assistant and coadjutor from the 
inception of the work, which resulted in the discovery of the method 
of propagation of yellow fever. As stated above, the third series of 
experiments were performed by Dr. Carroll alone, Dr. Reed having 
been refused permission to return to Cuba to complete his work. 

Dr. Carroll was the first experimental case of yellow fever, and he 
suffered a very severe attack, to which he attributes a heart trouble from 
which he now suffers. At the time of undergoing this experiment he 
was 46 years old, an age from which the risk from this disease is very 
great, as its mortality rapidly increases with age of patient. He had at 
that time a wife and five children, who had no other means of support 
except his pay as an acting assistant surgeon. 



246 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

It is recommended, that Congress be asked to pass a special act 
promoting Dr. Carroll, on account of his services in connection with 
this discovery and the courage shown by him in subjecting himself 
to experiment, to the rank of lieutenant colonel, the number of medi- 
cal officers in that grade being increased by one for that purpose; also 
his name and effigy should appear on the monument to Walter Reed. 

Dr. Jesse W. Lazear was the third member of the commission. 
Dr. Lazear was a native of Baltimore and a graduate of Johns Hopkins 
University, afterwards getting his professional degree at Columbia 
University and Belle vue. At the time he incurred his death in the 
course of these experiments, as above mentioned, he was 34 years old. 
He left a wife and two young children, the younger a little son born a 
few months before his death, whom he never saw. Mrs. Lazear 
received from Congress a pension of $17 a month with $2 additional 
for each of two minor children, until they reach the age of 16. Also a 
battery in Baltimore harbor was, by direction of the Secretary of War, 
named in his honor. It is believed that this recognition on the part 
of the Nation for his services is utterly inadequate. His widow's 
pension should be increased to $100 per month, and steps should be 
taken to perpetuate his name in connection with the Walter Reed 
monument above suggested. 

Dr. A. Agramonte was the fourth member of the yellow fever com- 
mission. He was a Cuban by birth, an immune to yellow fever, 
and having been assigned other work, took no part in the first series 
of experiments with regard to the conveyance of the disease by the 
mosquito, of which, in fact, he was not at the time cognizant. Being 
an immune he ran no risk in connection with this work, and it is 
believed that his contributions to it have been sufficiently recognized 
in the association of his name with the other members of the commis- 
sion, who brought about this great discovery. 

Twenty-three of the men, who submitted themselves for experi- 
ment by the board, contracted yellow fever, beginning with Dr. James 
Carroll, who was taken sick August 31, 1900, and ending with John 
R. Bullard, who was taken sick October 23, 1901. 

Conspicuous among them was John J. Moran, a civihan clerk, 
employed at the headquarters of General Fitzhugh Lee, at Quemados, 
who was one of the earliest volunteers for the second set of experi- 
ments, and whose action was dictated by the purest motives of altru- 
ism and self-devotion. Mr. Moran disclaimed, before submitting to 
the experiments, any desire for reward, and has never accepted any 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 247 

since, although he was offered the $200, which the liberality of the 
military governor enabled the commission to give to each experi- 
mental patient, the members of the board excepted. Such was his 
modesty that he has made no effort, so far as known to this office, 
to make known his connection with these experiments and reap the 
credit which is so justly due him. Mr. Moran was a native of Ohio. 
His present address is not known to this office. The first inoculations 
in the case of Mr. Moran were for some reason unsuccessful, on Novem- 
ber 26th and 29th. He did not suffer an attack until after the third 
inoculation on December 21. 

The same remarks apply to the first experimental case of the second 
set. Private John R. Kissinger, Hospital Corps, who volunteered at 
the same time with Moran and equally disclaimed any desire for 
reward. 

Private Kissinger did not leave Cuba immediately after the experi- 
ments, as did Mr. Moran, and therefore the military authorities were 
able to reward him in some measure along with the other enlisted men, 
who volunteered for these experiments. He was promoted acting 
hospital steward, presented with a gold watch by the chief surgeon 
of the department in the presence of all the medical officers and hospi- 
tal corps men on duty at the Columbia Barracks, and also received a 
present of $150 in cash. He took his discharge November 14, 1901, 
and has since (on December 19, 1903) made application for pension. 
This was refused for lack of evidence that his ill-health was incident 
to the service. 

Of the other experimental cases, seven were Spanish immigrants, 
who submitted to experiments purely for the money which they were 
promised. With regard to those, who were American soldiers, how- 
ever, ten in number, in addition to those already mentioned, it can- 
not be doubted that, although they received pecuniary rewards, a 
desire to assist in what they appreciated was a great and glorious work, 
together with a spirit of adventure, was the most powerful motive. 
The same is true of the last experimental case, Mr. John R. Bullard, 
a graduate of Harvard, where he was a distinguished athlete and cap- 
tain of the University crew. The names of these men, with the dates 
of their attack, is appended with this report. 



248 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

NAMES OF PERSONS WHO SUBMITTED TO EXPERIMENTAL INOCULA- 
TION OF YELLOW FEVER, CUBA, 1900-1901 

Infected by mosquitoes. Taken sick. 

1. James Carroll Aug. 31, 1900 

2. X. Y. (American soldier) T Sept. 6, 1900 

3. John R. Kissinger Dec. 8, 1900 

4. Nicanor Fernandez Dec. 13, 1900 

5. Antonio Benigno Dec. 13, 1900 

6. Becente Presedo Dec. 15, 1900 

7. John J. Moran Dec. 25, 1900 

8. Jose Martinez Jan. 3, 1901 

9. Levi E. Folk Jan. 23, 1901 

10. Clyde L. West Feb. 3, 1901 

11. James L. Hanberry Feb. 9, 1901 

12. Charles G. Sonntag Feb. 10, 1901 

13. Pablo Ruiz Castillo Sept. 19, 1901 

14. Jacinto Mendez Alvarez Oct. 13, 1901 

Infected by injection of blood. 

1. Warren G. Jernegen Jan. 8, 1901 

2. WilUam Olson Jan. 11, 1901 

3. Wallace Forbes Jan. 24, 1901 

4. John H. Andrus Jan. 28, 1901 

5. Manuel Gutierrez Moran Oct. 20, 1901 

6. John R. Bullard Oct. 23, 1901 

Infected by injections of blood serum. 

1. P. Hamann, Twenty-third Battery Coast Artillery. . Oct. 19, 1901 

2. A. W. Covington, Twenty-third Battery Coast 

Artillery Oct. 19, 1901 

Exposed to Fomites. 

1. Dr. R. P. Cooke, acting assistant surgeon. 

2. Levi E. Folk. 

3. Warren G. Jernegan. 

4. James L. Hanberry. 

5. Edward Wealherwalks (bitten once, negative; refused after 

Hanberry came down). 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 249 

6. James Hildebrand (offered himself, but was declined on account 

of age). 

7. Thomas M. England. 

Major James Carroll died on the sixteenth of September, 
1907, in Washington. He had informed me on several occa- 
sions, that he had not been a sound man since that mem- 
orable experimental infection in August, 1900, which 
should constitute one of the most important discoveries in 
the history of medicine. But his interest in the subject of 
yellow fever did not cease with the discovery of the method 
of its transmission, for he continued to make many later 
contributions to this important subject, as the appended 
list of his publications will indicate. He was buried with 
military honors usually accorded to a major of the U. S. 
Army. Scientific and military men of the highest rank 
considered it an honor to act as pall bearers and escorts at 
this funeral. 

The U. S. A. Yellow Fever Commission has, through the 
talents of Reed, Carroll, and Lazear, contributed to human- 
ity and to their country a service, the value of which can- 
not be overestimated. This discovery was made possible 
through the heroism of James Carroll. The United States 
has been invaded by yellow fever 90 times, carrying death 
and destruction into New Orleans, New York, Philadel- 
phia, Memphis, Baltimore, Charleston, Galveston, Ports- 
mouth, and many smaller cities. In 1793 it wiped out 10 
per cent of Philadelphia 's population, and the epidemic of 
1853 cost New Orleans 8000 Hves. In the message from 
the President of the United States to the Senate (59th 
Congress, second session, document no. 10) dated Decem- 
ber 5, 1906, it is stated, p. 7, by Surgeon-General U. S. A. 
R. M. O'Reilly, that the total disbursements of this great 
nation in the way of rewards for those, who made possible 
this brilHant discovery amount to $146 a month. Since 
Carroll's death this has been increased by $25 a month, 



250 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

the pension of a widow of a major U. S. A. Prof. William 
H. Welch, of the Johns Hopkins University, who was the 
distinguished teacher of Major Carroll, in the same mes- 
sage, calls attention in a letter to the Secretary of War to 
the saving of thousands of Hves through this discovery, 
which would have been impossible without Carroll 's great 
sacrifice. 

The Enghsh government voted Sir William Jenner, the 
discoverer of vaccination, various grants amounting to 
30,000 pounds sterling. India presented him with a sub- 
scription of 7,323 pounds. It is important to call the 
attention of the committee on pensions in the senate and 
congress to these liberal grants, for we believe, that it is 
the wish of the American people to emulate them, lest the 
old accusation about the ingratitude of republics shall 
again come true. The widow of Dr. Jesse Lazear, the 
third member of the yellow fever commission, receives a 
pension of $17 a month, with an additional $2 for each 
of the two minor children until they reach the age of 16. 
The pension of the widow of Dr. Lazear, as well as of the 
widow of Major James Carroll, should be increased to $125 
a month. 

There is however one very important and essential 
desideratum, which I consider it my duty to emphasize in 
this connection, and that is, that the Hfe and work of Major 
James Carroll, as well as Dr. Jesse Lazear, should be repre- 
sented in a monument with a prominence equal to that 
given to Major Walter Reed, for there can be no just dis- 
tinctions made between the merits of these three benefac- 
tors, and any comparisons aiming to bring out personal 
preferences would be decidedly invidious. Applicable to 
the life and work of all three is the beautiful sentiment of 
Horace, 

^'Interger vitce scelerisque purus^^ 

and there rarely has been an incident in the history of medi- 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 251 

cine, in which the Hves of three distinguished men were 
directly or indirectly sacrificed for one great purpose — 
thereby securing to each one of them a place in the Wal- 
halla of American History. 

HORACE'S MONUMENT 

I've reared a monument — ^my own — 

More durable than brass; 
Yea, kingly pyramids of stone 

In height it doth surpass. 

Rain shall not sap, nor driving blast 

Disturb its settled base, 
Nor countless ages rolling past 

Its symmetry deface. 

I shall not wholly die. Some part, 

Nor that a little, shall 
Escape the dark Destroyer's dart, 

And his grim festival. 

As long as, with his Vestals mute, 

Rome's Pontifex shall climb 
The Capitol, my fame shall shoot 

Fresh buds through future time. 

Where brawls loud Aufidus and came 

Parched Daunus erst, a horde 
Of mystic boors to sway, my name 

Shall be a household word. 

As one, who rose from mean estate. 

And first, with poet's fire, 
^olic song to modulate 

To the Italian lyre. 

Then grant, Melpomene, thy son 

Thy guerdon proud to wear, 
And Delphic laurels, duly won, 

Bind thou upon my hair. 

Inscription on Bronze Memorial Tablet to be erected in 
the Medical Building of the University of Maryland in 
honor of James Carroll, Major and Surgeon U. S. Army. 
M.D. (1891), and LL.D. (1907), University of Maryland; 



252 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBKATION 

LL.D. (1907), University of Nebraska; Professor of path- 
ology and bacteriology, Columbian Univ., Wash., D. C. 
Born in Woolwich, England, June 5th, 1856. Died in 
Washington, D. C, September 16, 1907. 

As a member of the army commission, which succeeded in demon- 
strating the mode of conveyance of yellow fever, he became an emi- 
nent contributor to science by his investigations and a heroic bene- 
factor of his country and of mankind by voluntary submission to 
the bite of an infected mosquito, whereby he suffered from a severe 
attack of yellow fever, produced for the first time by experiment. 

" Greater love hath no man shown than this, that a man lay down 
his life for his friends." 



9Fn j^emoriam 

CHIEF JUDGE JAMES McSHERRY, LL.D. 

Honoris Causa, University of Maryland, 1907. 

It has been said by the German poet Goethe, and hke- 
wise by Lord Randolph Churchill, that the most generally 
acknowledged characteristics of human greatness have 
been a combination of great moral force and exceptional 
intellectual power. In many places in Plutarch's Lives 
we are impressed with the fact that it is not in the pos- 
session of these powers by which humanity judges those 
preeminent and exceptional individuals of its race which 
have been designated as men of force, but humanity 
judges preferably by the influence which these powers 
have exerted. What good has the man worked in his 
hfe, and what is the estimate held of him by his fellow 
workers? That is the question. 

In forming this estimate of Chief Judge James McSherry 
our work is facihtated by the rare felicitous expression of 
opinion by many brilhant jurists which took place in the 
Court of Appeals at Annapolis on November 22, 1907, at 
a meeting held "/n Memoriam^^ of this highly esteemed 
jurist, the only one of his profession who received the 
honorary degree of Doctor of Laws at the Centennial 
Celebration of the University of Marjdand, on May 31, 
1907. We present here the addresses by Attorney-Gen- 
eral, Honorable William S. Bryan; by Mr. Bernard Carter, 
Provost of the University of Maryland; by Messrs. Arthur 
W. Machen and Arthur George Brown, on behalf of the 
Bar; by Chief Judge Boyd, and also include letters by 



254 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

U. S. Senator Isidor Rayner and Mr. David Fowler. 
For this whole article we are, however, indebted to Prof. 
John Prentiss Poe, whose impressive and scholarly eulogy 
concludes this article, descriptive of the Memorial Services 
in honor of this great Chief Judge. 

Court of Appeals, 
Annapolis, November 22, 1907. 

During the session of the Court today the following 
proceedings were had : 

Attorney-General Bryan, said: 

May it please the Court: 

The honorable James McSherry, for over eleven years Chief Justice 
of the State of Maryland, and since November 1, 1887, a member of 
this Court, died after a long illness at his home in the City of 
Frederick on October 23, 1907. 

Chief Judge McSherry was born in the City of Frederick on Decem- 
ber 30, 1842. He received his early training in his native state at the 
St. John's Literary Institute. He afterwards attended St. Mary's 
College at Emmitsburg. He would have graduated from that Insti- 
tution in 1862 but for his arrest and imprisonment in Fort McHenry 
in 1861 by the Federal authorities as a Southern sympathizer. His 
detention at Fort McHenry of course prevented his graduation with 
his classmates. 

After his release from Fort McHenry, young McSherry read law 
in Frederick in the office of his father, Mr. James McSherry, and on 
February 8, 1864, was admitted to practice at the Bar by Judge 
Madison Nelson, then the presiding Judge in that Circuit. 

In January, 1866, Mr. McSherry was married to Miss Clara L. Mc- 
Aleer. Upon the death of Hon. John Ritchie, Mr. McSherry was, on 
November 1, 1887, appointed by the Governor Chief Judge of the 
Sixth Judicial Circuit, and an Associate Judge of this Court. 

On the eighth of the same month he was elected by the people for 
the full term of fifteen years. Upon the death of Chief Judge Robin- 
son, Judge McSherry was, on January 27, 1896, designated by the 
Governor Chief Judge of this Court and on the same day this action of 
the Governor was confirmed by the Senate. On the expiration of 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 255 

his first term on the Bench of this Court Judge McSherry was ap- 
pointed by the Governor to hold until the next general election; at 
that election on November 3, 1903, he was reelected for another 
term of fifteen years. 

On November 10, 1903, when this Court moved into this building, 
there was a notable meeting of the Bar; partly to commemorate that 
interesting event, but mainly to congratulate the people of the State 
upon the retention of Chief Judge McSherry in the pubhc service for 
another term. 

Mr. Bernard Carter, in the remarks submitted by him on that 
occasion, said: 

There is another reason for the presence of those of us who have 
come today to be at the opening of the Court in its new building and 
that is to give expression to the great joy we feel that he, who is now 
its Chief Justice, will continue to fill this exalted position for at least 
another fifteen years, if it should please Almighty God to continue 
his hfe so long; and in this joy of ours I know that you who are his 
associates in this Court most warmly share, and not only you but the 
judges of all the courts of our State, and all the good citizens of the 
State, all of whom reaUze how great would have been the loss of the 
Court if it had been deprived of the presence of one of whom it can be 
said with the strictest regard for truth that he is a worthy successor 
of his predecessors in the position of Chief Justice of the Court of 
Appeals of Maryland, among whom have been Chase, Buchanan, 
Archer, Dorsey, Legrand, Bartol, Alvey and Robinson. 

On the same occasion Mr. Arthur W. Machen said: 

If we cannot quite forget the period of anxiety through which we 
have passed, the tremor of apprehension felt when the continuance of 
the tenor of the Chief Judge of this Court was submitted to the hazard 
of a local popular election, the recollection of the past peril only en- 
hances our enjoyment of the fortunate result. I believe there is no un- 
due assumption in our entertaining the behef that the testimony of the 
Bar expressed with emphasis throughout the State as to the extreme 
value of the judicial service we were in danger of losing had some- 
thing to do with bringing about, or at least assuring that result. 

And Mr. Arthur George Brown, in making the closing speeci' on 
behalf of the bar, said : 

My learned friends, who preceded me, have congratulated, as well 
they may, this Bench and Bar and the people of the State upon the 



256 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

fact that today also marks the beginning of another full term of 
service for the Chief Judge who now presides over this Court. But 
important and noteworthy as all of this is, it seems to me that behind 
and above these circumstances we have to be glad that in a severe 
contest many, in both of the great political parties, have been able 
to forget their differences; with the result that the patriotism of the 
people has in several conspicuous instances triumphed over party 
spirit. 

And it can with assurance be said that an overwhelming majority 
of the Bar of this Court, irrespective of their poUtical affihations very 
earnestly desired the reelection of Chief Judge McSherry. 

A sufficient reason for this support by the Bar of the late Chief 
Justice is furnished by his judgments in causes adjudged in this 
Court printed in the official volumes of the Maryland Reports in the 
volumes from 68 to 104 inclusive. These opinions will also be the 
most enduring monument to his memory. It can with truth be 
said of Judge McSherry's judgments, as was said of the work of Mr. 
Justice Gray in the Supreme Court: ''All excellent, his opinions in 
leading cases — and he made cases leading when he thought the occa- 
sion demanded — constitute permanent contribution to jurisprudence 
and imperishable monuments to his memory. They do not simply 
lay down rules for guidance. They are treasures of doctrine and 
precedent." 

No thoughtful lawyer who reads the opinions of Judge McSherry 
can fail to be struck with the great intellectual energy displayed 
in them. The late Chief Justice was certainly one of the great intel- 
lectual forces this State, as he was one of the strong pillars of this 
Court. 

Judge McSherry was a truly great lawyer. He was deeply versed 
in the learning of the law, and in addition to his vast acquaintance 
with the precedents and the decisions of the Courts of this country and 
of England, he had a clear and firm grip of the underlying principles 
and reasons of the law. 

In addition to this he had, as I have already remarked, a clear, 
quick and extraordinarily acute and vigorous understanding, and he 
had, also a tireless industry: 

In addition to his great legal attainments and his great mental 
gifts, Judge McSherry had rare personal traits. 

He had to a very marked degree the executive capacity to dis- 
patch public business quickly but without haste; he loved work not 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 257 

only for what it enabled him to accomphsh, but for its own sake. 
"The deed in the doing it savored of worth." 

And in addition to his great ability and great learning and great 
industry Judge McSherry had great force of character and an indomit- 
able will. 

Your Honors know better than I can describe, his genial and attrac- 
tive personality, his kindliness, his keen sense of humor, his love of 
human companionship and the many other winning quahties which 
endear his memory to all who were thrown into close social contact 
with him. 

In respect to the memory of this eminent magistrate, I now move 
that your Honors may take such action as may be appropriate." 



Attorney-General Bryan then read the two following letters: 

November, 21, 1907. 
To the Honorable, the Judges of the Court of Appeals of Maryland: 

The fact that I have not recovered from my recent illness explains 
my absence from the meeting of the members of the Bar called by 
your Honors to take official action in respect to the death of our dear 
friend, the late Chief Judge McSherry. 

Others, many others, I am sure will eloquently speak and write of 
Judge McSherry 's distinguished judicial career. 

None of his predecessors excelled Judge McSherry in industry, intel- 
lectual force, power and accuracy of expression. He was not only 
a "read"}'' writer" but his clear, logical mind, aided by a never flagging 
industry and a memory seldom at fault, stored with unexcelled knowl- 
edge of judicial decisions and the fundamental principles of the lav 
enabled him to render a series of splendid judgments which demon- 
strate that Chief Justice McSherry stood in the very front rank of 
Maryland's greatest Judges. 

But it is the man, our own famihar friend, that we, his associates 
on the Bench, will remember with undying affection. 

We admired and respected the great Judge; but we all loved the 
man. 

Neither records nor monuments are needed to perpetuate his mem- 
ory in our hearts. He not only had a kind word for all, but he was 
ever ready to do a kind act. " He never lowered his flag to the sum- 
mons of a foe, nor betrayed the confidence of a friend." 



258 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBEATION 

His untimely death has, indeed, cast a gloom over us all, and I am 
sure that his associates, in common with the Bench and Bar through- 
out the State, will "sorrow most of all because they will see his face 

no more." ^^ , , 

Yours very truly, 

David Fowler. 

Baltimore, November 21, 1907. 
Hon. William S. Bryan, Attorney-General of Maryland: 

I have received your kind invitation to participate in the Memorial 
Services in honor of the late Chief Judge McSherry, and it is a matter 
of deep regret for me that I am unable to do so for the reasons that 
have been given to you. 

I would like to add a brief tribute to the others that will be offered 
upon this occasion. Maryland has lost a great man; great in every 
sense of the word that constitutes greatness in intellect and in charac- 
ter. His name will easily take its place amongst the best and noblest 
of them all. It would have been a blessing if his useful life could have 
been prolonged, because every day that he was with us was one of 
help and benefit to his fellow men. 

He was above the general order of men even in the highest ranks, 
because he was impressed with the idea that every life had some pur- 
pose to subserve and to the accom.plishment of that purpose he dedi- 
cated the activities and gifts with which Providence had endowed him. 

His work was a work of devotion. I never knew anyone that loved 
work for work's sake more than he did. He seemed to be attracted 
to a problem prinoipall_y by reason of the difficulty and complication 
that surrounded it. There was no proposition known to the science 
of the law too minute and detailed for his analytical mind. 

He possessed the peculiar faculty of being able to grasp upon a 
case at a glance with a readiness and accuracy almost unparalleled 
even in the history of this great tribunal and to extract from it its 
leading and salient points. In doing this he never overlooked any 
detail if it bore in the slightest degree upon the investigation. 

I think his mind was of wonderful construction. Its principal 
element, if I may classify it, was power, a power of logic and of 
reason that has illumined the pages of our reports and made his 
decisions as great as any that illustrate our judicial history. 

I could say much more, but I will pause, with but a single reflec- 
tion. Judge McSherry was the personification of justice. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 259 

With as kindly a heart as ever beat within a human bosom he was 
the embodiment of courage and fearlessness upon the Bench. 

In the personal relations of life he was possessed of the tenderest 
feelings and the deepest sympathies. All of us who have felt the 
touch of his magnetic friendship miss him more than words can 
express. 

The Hght of his splendid virtues has departed from amongst us, 
but the flame of his honorable and conscientious example will shine 
with an undimmed halo upon the generations that are yet to come. 

IsiDOR Rayner. 

Bernard Carter, Esq., said: 

We are here today, by the permission of the Court, most gladly 
to bear testimony to the warm affection and great esteem, on the part 
of the members of the Bar of Maryland, for Chief Judge McSherry 
as a man,and their respect and admiration for him as a judge, who, 
for so long a time, reflected honor upon the Bench and Bar of Mary- 
land, and who, during the latter part of his twenty years of judicial 
service, presided, with such acceptance to his brethren on the Bench 
and to the Bar, over the deliberations of this high Court. 

That he was in every way equal to the duties and responsibilities 
of his high position as Chief Justice of this Court, and that, at least 
for a considerable time while he held this position, it can be said in 
the words of truth and soberness, that he was a great judge, the 
opinions of this Court, as delivered by him, furnish the fullest proof, 
and will constitute an abiding record ; for to those who have read them 
or shall hereafter read them, they abundantly show a clear, direct and 
logical mind, a power of subtle analysis, balanced and checked how- 
ever by excellent common sense, deep and broad legal learning, 
untiring industry, full knowledge and clear appreciation of the funda- 
mental principles of common law and of equity jurisprudence, great 
ability in the proper application of those fundamental principles 
and of the result of judicial adjudications and a strong sense of justice. 
The conclusions reached were the result of patient deUberation, con- 
scientious and enlightened study and reflection upon all the questions 
before the Court; to obtain, truth, justice and right were his constant 
end and aim. ^ 

The final conclusions reached in every case were, of course, the 
result of the joint reflection and consideration of himself and all the 
members of the Court who took part in the decision of the case 



260 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

and while none but his brother Judges who joined with him in tlie 
consultations which preceded the final conclusions reached by the 
Court can speak authoritatively of the part he bore in these consulta- 
tions, yet we may be sure that his brethren would gladly testify that 
his great ability and his excellent qualities of character and mind were 
fully and strongly exhibited in the consultation room while presiding 
over and assisting the deliberations of his brethren, and that there 
his love of order, his caution, his accuracy, his discrimination were of 
great value ; there as elsewhere we may be sure his conduct was charac- 
terized by the same firm, steady and conscientious discharge of duty. 
He as well as his brethren on the Bench, when sitting in judgment 
between litigants, acted without fear or respect to persons, and so 
the Court has been kept pure and actuated by the highest principles 
of conduct. 

All who have been privileged to appear before this Court reaUze 
and appreciate with what great dignity, ability and acceptance to 
his brother judges and to all the members of the Bar, young and old, 
he presided over its deliberations; what attentive and respectful 
attention he gave during the argument of cases to every member of 
the Bar who appeared before the Court, and how great was the 
courtesy, kindness and consideration shown by him to the youngest as 
well as the oldest members of the profession. 

When all the past comes up before us today and we realize that we 
shall no more stand in his presence in this Court, while the members 
of the Court and the Bar feel their loss, yet we still think of him with 
sincere affection, and we may pray our Heavenly Father, requiescat 
in pace. 

John Prentiss Poe, Esq., said: 

Coming here today to take part in these Memorial Services in honor 
of our great Chief Judge, whose lamented death in the fulness of his 
ripe powers and enduring fame brings home to us with startling force 
the keenest sense of irreparable loss, my memory carries me back to 
a time long ago when, in the flush of opening manhood, I was called 
on as a representative of the younger Bar to speak some words of 
affectionate eulogy of one of his eminent predecessors, Chief Judge 
John Carroll LeGrand. 

A long interval elapsed, and then an hereditary affection, sweetened 
and strengthened by the delights of a cherished companionship cover- 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 261 

ing more than a quarter of a century, constrained me to appear before 
this high Court and crave the privilege to put on record here my esti- 
mate of the virtues and graces, the learning, ability and judicial 
services of another of his distinguished predecessors, James Lawrence 
Bartol. 

The years rolled on. Richard Henry Alvey, another of those who 
long presided with such dignity and power over your dehberations, 
was called to a commanding place in our Federal Judiciary, and again 
it fell to me, this time as an official of the State, to participate in the 
sad farewell of our Bench and Bar, as, amidst our prayers and bene- 
dictions, he left this broad field of his conspicuous usefulness and 
honor for his new post of laborious and exacting duty and responsi- 
bility elsewhere. 

Once more, your Honors, this time under a summons of awful and 
distressing suddenness, a vacancy in the office of your Chief Judge 
afflicted us. 

John Mitchell Robinson's spotless ermine was exchanged, not for 
the perishable grave clothes that repel, but for the shining raiment 
that tells of peace and joy and immortality, and, again, responding to 
the constraining voice of a warm friendship of my youth, unbroken 
and undimmed by the struggles, sohcitudes and discords of the inter- 
vening years, I ventured to speak to his sorrowing associates of his 
lofty ideals, his inspiring achievements, the purity of his private Ufe, 
the soUd and enduring excellence of his judicial career. 

And, now as the shadows of evening are lengthening around me, 
casting my eye back upon those whom I have here personally known, 
as with unwearied diligence, unsullied integrity and surpassing power, 
they labored in that greatest of all human concerns, the administration 
of a pure and enUghtened justice; and recurring to those earUer Chiefs 
of this tribunal of whom I know only by history and tradition, I am 
honored in being permitted at this representative gathering to speak 
of the preeminent merits of their successor and acknowledged peer 
whom, purified by the chastening ordeal of protracted sickness and 
suffering, we have so recently seen called to the immortahty of that 
perfect peace that passeth all understanding. 

We dwell with loving remembrance upon the rich attractiveness 
of the personal qualities that made companionship with him so 
deUghtful and passing from our sweet and tender recollections of the 
man whom we loved, we turn with equal delight to the characteristic 
traits and endowments — the massive strength of the learned and 
upright Judge whom you and we ahke so proudly admired and now 
so profoundly mourn. 



262 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

Twenty years he sat here; half of that long time as the diligent, 
faithful, conscientious associate, bearing with modest yet vigorous 
efhcienoy his full share of the labors of the Court and hberally con- 
tributing by the force of his splendid intellect and the amplitude of 
his rich resources to the maintenance of its established reputation 
as one of the best and strongest of the appellate courts of the Union; 
and the latter half as your honored and cherished Chief, steadily yet 
graciously guiding your pubhc hearings and your private consulta- 
tions and all the while faithfully dedicating his commanding powers 
towards the attainment of the loftiest height of judicial usefulness 
and distinction. 

We of the Bar, who term after term witnessed his demeanor on 
the Bench, bear cheerful testimony to the benignant patience, the 
gracious courtesy and the quiet dignity with which he presided over 
your pubUc sessions, and your published reports will tell to future 
generations the inspiring story of how his highly trained and superbly 
gifted mind, remarkable for its extraordinary analytical power, 
enriched the jurisprudence of the State. 

Time does not allow any extended description of the mental endow- 
ments for which he was especially distinguished. 

But his opinions covering a very wide range of diversified contro- 
versy upon difficult and complicated questions show that he possessed 
in a high degree the power of singularly clear and exact statement 
combined with unusual keenness of searching analysis and a capacity 
for close, acute and vigorous reasoning seldom found so generously 
bestowed by natural gift and so thoroughly strengthened by assiduous 
cultivation. 

It was the possession of these higher faculties of the mind, these 
powers of analysis and generaUzation, that gave him the intellectual 
force and preeminence so freely acknowledged by the profession and 
that stamped him by common consent as one of the greatest of Mary- 
land's great lawyers and judges. 

To us who were privileged during his term of office to bring before 
your Honors our briefs and arguments he was a never f aihng stimulus 
to exertion, and mam^ of us, who are neither unaccustomed to labor 
nor impatient of its exactions constantly beheld the manifestations 
of his marvelous capacity for work with mingled feehngs of admira- 
tion and despair. 

Such continuous demands upon his physical strength and endurance 
could not fail to bring their inevitable result, and now that his mortal 
remains have been tenderly and reverently laid away in their last 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 263 

resting place, all that is left to us is to place on record here where his 
best work was done our profound appreciation of its rare excellence 
and power and to cherish with deepest respect and affection the pre- 
cious memory of his inspiring career until in God's good time we too, 
one b}' one, shall be called to | :;! ,j :. ,^ _j ^ 

"Where beyond these voices there is peace." 

Chief Judge Boyd said on behalf of the Court: 

The tributes which have just been paid to the memory of our late 
Chief Judge were not only beautiful and affecting, but were so pecu- 
liarly just and appropriate that each of as heartily concurs in what 
has been said. 

One of the marked characteristics of the Maryland Bar is its loyalty 
to the Courts and its readiness to pay respect to the members of the 
Bench who prove themselves, worthy. It cannot, therefore, cause 
surprise when prominent and representative members of the Bar lay 
aside their ordinary duties to meet on this occasion, when the regular 
business of the Court has been suspended, in order that there may be 
some pubhc expression of the feehngs that fill the hearts of all of us, 
by reason of the death of Judge McSherry. 

Few Judges, if any, have been so generally and favorably known 
throughout the State as was our deceased brother. He was a man of 
preeminent ability, and one of the most industrious, thorough and 
careful jurists that ever adorned the Bench. His opinions were not 
only clear, forcible and convincing, but had a literary finish which 
made them attractive to intelhgent laymen, as well as to those of liis 
own profession. 

He never spared himself labor so long as it was of use in aiding him 
to reach a right conclusion. His brilUant mind could penetrate and 
illuminate the most abstruse questions, and his beautiful diction and 
accurate thought enabled him to make his own views clear to others. 

He was impartial, fearless and just. He never shirked his duties, 
but performed them with a zeal that was an incentive to others. 

Even when a fatal disease had prostrated his hitherto vigorous 
body, a kind providence preserved intact his bright intellect, and 
amidst suffering and anxiety, such as are liable to accompany a serious 
illness, his thoughts still dwelt upon the work of this Court, and he 
longed to be at what he regarded his post of duty. In a word he was 
a great Judge whose place cannot well be filled. Seldom has the State 
of Maryland suffered such a blow by the death of one of its officers. 



264 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

At a time when new and important questions are coming before 
the courts, the State and country can ill afford to lose a Judge so 
eminently qualified to solve them. 

Thirty-seven volumes of the reported decisions of this Court (68 Md. 
to 104 Md.) will furnish lasting evidence of work well and faithfully 
done by this distinguished jurist, and in generations to come he will 
be, as he is now, ranked with the highest of those who won distinction 
upon the Appellate Court of this State. 

He was of a cheerful, jovial nature. His very presence dispelled 
anything resembling gloomy feelings or depression in spirit. 

He looked to the bright side of hfe, and was not deterred by difl&- 
culties seeming to others almost insurmountable. Association with 
him helped to hghten the burdens of others less favored by nature. 

He was an honest and useful citizen and faithful to all trusts, public 
and private, committed to his care. 

His death was a great personal loss to each of us, not merely because 
we had the privilege and advantage of an intimate acquaintance, but 
as members of this Court, over which he presided with such ability, 
courtesy and success, we had the benefit of his wise counsel and his 
knowledge of the law, in the consideration of cases before us. 

To use his own language when speaking of another Judge on an 
occasion Hke this — " After life's fitful fever, we trust he has realized 
that reward which awaits, in the hereafter, the ending of a well- 
spent fife; and that the Judge who loved justice here has been merci- 
fully dealt with by the Divine Author of all justice." These proceed- 
ings will be entered upon the Minutes of this Court, which will now 
adjourn, a further tribute to the memory of our lamented brother. 

Eloquent tributes to the late Chief Judge McSherry 
were also made by Hon. William Pinkney Whyte, Arthur 
W. Machen, Esq., Milton G. Urner, Esq., Judge James A. 
C. Bond, George Whitelock, Esq., Thomas G. Hayes, 
Esq., Edgar H. Gans, Esq., and David G. Mcintosh, Esq. 

A full report of all the proceedings will be found in 105 
Maryland Reports xxxi to Iv. 



gfn jmemoriam 
PROF. WILLIAM TRAVIS HOWARD, M.D., LL.D. 

Professor William Travis Howard who, for thirty years, 
from 1867 to 1897, occupied the Chair of Diseases of 
Women and Children in the School of Medicine of the Uni- 
versity of Maryland, was born in Cumberland County, 
Virginia, on January 12, 1821. 

After completing his early academic studies at Hamp- 
den-Sidney and Randolph-Macon Colleges in Virginia, he 
began the study of medicine under Dr. John P. Mettauer, 
an eminent surgeon in the lower part of Virginia. His 
professional education was continued at the Jefferson Medi- 
cal College in Philadelphia, at which he entered as a stu- 
dent in 1842 and received the degree of Doctor of Medi- 
cine in 1844. During the intervals between the sessions 
of this college he pursued his studies at the Baltimore Alms 
House, a hospital which afforded excellent opportunities 
for chnical investigation under the teaching of Prof. Wil- 
ham Power, who held the Chair of Medicine in the Univer- 
sity of Maryland, and was distinguished as a clinician and 
especially as a proficient in auscultatory diagnosis, in 
which he had been trained by the eminent Louis in Paris. 
Through this teaching and his own devotion to study Dr. 
Howard became a skilful diagnostician and therapeutist 
and a very accompHshed auscultator. 

After finishing his term of chnical work at this hospital 
Dr. Howard began the practice of medicine in Warrenton, 
North Carohna and soon acquired a large professional busi- 
ness, both in his own section of the State and as a con- 



266 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 

sultant in various places, many of them at a distance, to 
which he was frequently called. 

Soon after the close of the Civil War he removed from 
North Carolina to Baltimore, where his reputation as an 
able physician had preceded him, as he was well known to 
members of the profession here ; and in 1867 he was elected 
as its first incumbent to the newly created Chair of Dis- 
eases of Women and Children in the University of Mary- 
land which, it is believed, was the first school in this coun- 
try to establish these branches as constituting a separate 
chair. The reputation which Professor Howard had 
made in North Carolina served to attract many more stu- 
dents from that State to the University of Maryland than 
had ever come before. He brought to the duties of this 
post the fruits of large experience, extensive learning and 
great mental acuteness, as shown by diagnostic skill and 
therapeutic resources and methods. Although he had not 
previously given special attention to surgery he soon 
made himself, by earnest devotion to work, a dextrous 
operator in cases of surgical gynaecology. He was one of 
the founders of the American Gynaecological Society and 
was elected president of that body in 1885. He never 
withdrew himself, however, from medicine in the wider 
sense, and his acquirements and experience as a physician 
enabled him to practice with all the more success as a 
gynaecologist. 

As a teacher he was lucid in the presentation of his sub- 
jects, logical in the statement of arguments supporting his 
position, and emphatic in the expression of his own 
opinions, but fortifying them with abundant testimony 
from the writings of authorities with whom his habits as a 
student and his remarkable memory made him familiar. 

As a justly deserved tribute to his professional abihty 
and learning the Regents of the University of Maryland at 
its centennial celebration on May 31, 1907, conferred upon 
him the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. 



UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 267 

The estimation in which Dr. Howard was held as a 
teacher and a practitioner of medicine was equaled by the 
affection and love which he inspired in all who knew him 
well. Though never of robust health, he was always ready 
to expend his time and his knowledge in behalf of those 
who sought him and was ever willing to aid the poor and 
needy without thought of remuneration. He took pleas- 
ure in assisting with his counsel any younger members of 
the profession who desired to draw upon his large resources 
of knowledge and he was always an upholder of the strict- 
est standard of professional ethics. 

Professor Howard was a man of deep religious convic- 
tions and for many years he was a communicant member 
of Saint Paul's Episcopal Church in Baltimore. 

His firm belief in the truths of Christianity gave him 
support in the increasing infirmities of age, and the vol- 
ume of '^Sermons on the Resurrection" by the great 
scholar and orator, Canon Liddon, formed a constant part 
of his reading during the latter months of his life. He died 
at Narragansett Pier, Rhode Island, on July 31, 1907, 
when he had reached the fullness of age, having entered 
upon the latter half of his eighty-seventh j^ear. A peace- 
ful end thus crowned the work of a well spent life. 

s. c. c. 



